Adapted from Pearson/Prentice Hall Science Explorer: Cells and Heredity.

Adapted from Pearson/Prentice Hall Science Explorer: Cells and Heredity

Cell Structure and Function

Cells are the basic unit of

structure and function for all

living things.

Some living organisms have only one cell and

some have trillions.

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Elodea Cell

Red Blood Cells

Before we knew anything about cells, people believed in a theory called “Spontaneous Generation.” The theory states that living things can come from non-living things. Oddly, the theory made sense to many.

Frogs came from mud, after all, there are frogs by ponds .

Mice came from straw, after all, all barns and houses had straw and mice.

Maggots came from rotting meat, after all, there were always maggots on rotting meat.

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First Microscope

The microscope changed everything. It redefined what we thought, what we knew, and even who we were. A microscope is an instrument that uses curved glass to bend light and magnify objects. It was invented in the late 1590s. Many used light to illuminate objects and more than one lens to magnify. These are called compound microscopes.

Robert Hooke’s Microscope

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The Cell Theory1. All living things are made of cells.2. Cells are the basic unit of structure and function of living things.3. All cells are made from other living cells.

As with many scientific discoveries, the Cell Theory was revolutionary for its time.

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Anton Van Leeuwenhoek observed living cells he called ‘animalcules.’

Van Leeuwenhoek’s first animalcule diagrams and microscope

Cell Wall

Cell Membrane

Cell Wall1. Function – protect cell, support cell so plant can stand up straight2. Touch but flexible3. Made of cellulose

Cell Membrane1. Function – to control what enters and exits cell2. Selective permeability – to ability to select what substances enter and exit cell3. In both plant and animal cells

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Cytoplasm

Nucleus

Cytoplasm1. Function – to cushion organelles, give body and support to cell2. Gel like substance in the area between the nucleus and cell membrane

Nucleus1. Function – to direct all cell activity2. Functions like a brain or operative system in a computer3. Contains chromatin, DNA, coded instructions

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Endoplasmic Reticulum

Mitochondria

Mitochondria1. Function – to make energy for the cell2. Power house3. Rod, peanut shaped4. Number of mitochondria depends on how much energy the cell needs

Endoplasmic Reticulum1. Function – transports protein 2. Maze of tubular passage ways

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Ribosome

Golgi Bodies

Ribosome1. Function – makes protein2. Located either on the endoplasmic reticulum or floating freely in cytoplasm

Golgi Bodies1. Function – to package and transport different substances needed by cell2. Flatten groups of sacs and tubes3. Acts like “UPS’

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Vacuole

Lysosome

Vacuole1. Function – holds substances, acts like a storage tank2. Holds mostly water and food3. Vacuoles in plants are big

Lysosome1. Function – to digest or recycle material in cell2. Small and round3. Contains enzymes that actually break down substances4. Responsible for tadpole legs disappearing as frog grown bigger

1. Function – container for chlorophyll, serve as site for photosynthesis2. Function of chlorophyll is to capture energy from sun so that plant can make its own food3. Photosynthesis – the process by which plants make their own food4. Glucose is a type of sugar5. Always green6. In plants and a few single celled animals

Plant Cell Diagram

Chloroplast

Actual Chloroplasts

Plant and Animal Cell Comparison

Plant Cells 1. Chloroplasts2. Larger Vacuoles3. Cell Membrane4. Regular Shape5. Always Green

Animal Cells1. No Chloroplasts or

green color2. Smaller Vacuoles3. Irregular Shape

Vocabulary – What do you know?

1. Cell - 2. Organelle - 3. Compound Microscope -4. Cell Wall - 5. Cell Membrane - 6. Selective Permeability - 7. Nucleus - 8. Chromatin - 9. Nucleolus - 10. Cytoplasm - 11. Mitochondria - 12. Endoplasmic Reticulum - 13. Ribosome - 14. Golgi Bodies - 15. Chloroplast - 16. Vacuole - 17. Lysosome -