AD-779 432 KOREAN HEMORRHAGIC FEVER Ho Wang Lee Korea University Prepared for: Army Research and Development Group (Far Past) March 1974 DISTRIBUTED BY: Natim Teckul hifen Servie U. S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE 5285 Pint Royal Road, Spinfield Va. 22151 A Best Available Copy
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AD-779 432
KOREAN HEMORRHAGIC FEVER
Ho Wang Lee
Korea University
Prepared for:
Army Research and Development Group(Far Past)
March 1974
DISTRIBUTED BY:
Natim Teckul hifen ServieU. S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE5285 Pint Royal Road, Spinfield Va. 22151
A Best Available Copy
UnclassifiedSECURITY CLASSIFICATION OF THIS PAGE (W7Per t Frnlterod)
4. TITLE (and Subtitle) S. TYPE OF REPORT & PERIOD COVEREDAnnual Report
KOREAN HEXORRHAGIC FEVER (U) 9 Dec 72 - 8 Dec 736. PERFORMING ORG. REPORT NUMBER
FE-464A-67. AUTHOR(s) 8. CONTRACT OR GRANT NUMBER(&)
Ho Wang Lee DA-RDRF-S92-5 44-73-G193
9. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADORESS 10. PROGRAM ELEMENT. PROJECT. TASK
Department of Licrobiology AREA & WORK UNIT NUMBERS
College of Medicine, Korea University 2NO61102B71D 00 135FESeoul, Korea
1I. CONTROLLING OFFICE NAME AND ADDRESS 12. REPORT DATE
U.S. Army R&D Group (Far East) 22 April 1974APO San Francisco 96343 13. NUMBER OF PAGES
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Unclassified-ame as Block 11
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I. iISTHIBUTION STATEMENT (o this Report)
Approved for public release; distribution unlimited.
17. DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT (of the abetract entered In Block 20, if diflerent from Report)
1. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES
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19. KEY WORDS (Continue on reverse *ide if neceeary and identify by block number)
Korean Hemorrhagic Fever .....
Epidemiology NATIONAL TECHNICAL.Antibodies INFORMATION SERVI(.ERodents "ipn ?i:;l VA.Korea
20. ABSTRACT (Continue on reverse aide If neceseary nd Idrnrify hy block number)Korean hemorrhagic fever (KHF) occurrod for the first time in Korea, 1951,
although it had previously been known to both the Japanese and Russians. Afterthe Korean war, the disease has been fLxcd in the areas of demilitarized zone(DMZ) as an endemic one, and from l.'J' .o 300 cases have been reported everyyear. The aims of this project ar .; euldemiologic investigation of thedisease in the civilian endemic areai; jl to isolate the causative agent of hiiF3) to demonstrate spocific antibodier ut KHF by fluorescent antibody techniquu.
(Cont) ,f-O RM~ 1 473 EDITION OP I NOV 45 IS OSSOLE'E Unls IteDD C ASAI 1I I, tHIS or I3iAen Unclassified
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The outbreak of patients had been localized in the vicinity of DMZ until 1970but in 1971 affected the middle districts and in 1972 and 1973 invaded thesouthern parts of South Korea. The numriber of patients and the areas of KHF in1973 were investigated extensively and found there were 478 hospitalized caseswith 8% fatality. The number of civilian KHF patients (241 cases) exceeded the-number of Army KHF patients (237 cases) for the first time in Korea in 1973 andonly one peak in the incidence of the disease was observed in the late fall of1973. 1,109 field rodents were collected in the endemic areas of KHF within theperiod of 3 years, the rodents were of 2 orders, 3 families, 9 genera, 9 speciesand there were 2 species of insecti1vora. Anatomical characteristics of fieldrodents were studied for the first time and weight value of organs of normalrodents and rodents yielding unknown agents are described. The study of theseasonal distribution revealed that, in M.ay, June, November and December, theoccurrence of field rodents had been high in parallel with the incidence of KHPpatients. (Author)
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UnclassifiedS&CUPITY CL ASIFICATION Or~ THIS PAGEfIM7en DOMa Xntvt~fJd
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Destroy this report when it is no longer needed. Do not retirn itto the originator.
The findings in this report are not to be construed as an officialDepartment of the Army position unless to designated by other authorizeddocuments.
RVPORT No. FE-464A-6 (Annual Report)
GRANT No. DA-RDRF-92-54)-73-Gl93
DA Project/Task Area/Work Unit No. 2NO61102B7JD 00 135F"
KOREAN HM0RRHACIT FEVEh
by
Ho Wang Lee, M.D., Ph.D.Professor of MicrobiologyCollege of MedicineKorea UniversitySeoul, Korea
March 1974
11.3. ARMY RESEARCH AND DE-ELOPMENT GROUPFAR EAST
APO San Francisco 96343
Approved for public release; distribution wiliidted.
rIC
Table of Contents
Title Pare No.
Introduction 1
Materials and Methods 2
Results 2.Distribution of field rodents in the endemic areas
of Korean hemorrhagic fever .2Seasonal distribution of field rodents collected
in the endemic areas of Korean hemorrhagic fever 3Results of anatomical investigation of normal
field rodents and field rodents yielding agent 4
Discussion 4
Summary 7
Literatures Cited 8
List of Figures and TablesTable 1. Korean hemorrhagic fever in Korea 10Table 2. Seasonal incidence of hospitalized cases
of KHF in 1973 11Table 3. Seasonal incidence of hospitalized cases
of KHF in 1973 12Table 4. Incidence of hospitalized KHF cases in 1973 13Table 5. incidence of hospitalized KHF cases in 1973 14Table 6. Incidence of hospitalized KHF cases in 1973 15Table 7. Total No. of rodent collected in the
epidemic foci of Korean hemorrhagic fever 16Table 8. Total No. of rodent collected in the
epidemic foci of Korean hemorrhagic fever 17Table 9. Total No. of rodent collected in the
epi.demic foci of Korean hemorrhagic fever 18Table 10. Total No. of rodent collected in the epidemic
areas of Korean hemorrhagic fever in 1971 19Fig. 1. Seasonal incidence of patient and the number of
rodent collected in the epidemic areas of Koreanhemorrhagic fever from January to December of 1971 20
Table 11. Total No. of rodent collected in the epidemicareas of Korean hemorrhagic fever in 1972 21
Fig. 2. Seasonal incidence of patient and the number ofrodent collected in the epidemic areas of Koreanhemorrhagic fever from January to December of 197 22
Preceding page blank
Table 12. Total No. of rodent collecte d in the epidemicareas of Korean hemorrhagic fever in 1973 23
Fir. 3. Seasonal incidence of patient and the numberof rodent collected in the epidenLic areas ofKorean henorrhagic fever in 1973 24
Table 13. Species and total number of rodent collectedin the endemic foci of Korean hemorrhagic feverfrom 1971 to 1973 25
Table 14. Seasonal distributior of rodent collectedin the endemic foci o.' Korean hemorrhagic feverfrom 171 to 1973 26
Table 15. Total No. & seasonal i:,. tence of hospitalizedcases of Korean hemorrhar-> fever from1971 to, 1973 in Korea 27
Fig. 4. Seasonal incidence of patient and the number ofrodent collected in the epidemic areas of Koreanhemorrharic fever for 3 years from 1971 .o 1913 28
Table I'.. Sumniary of autopsy data, Apodemus agrariuscoreae from January 1971.to December 1973 9
Table 17. Autopsy data of AVpodemus agrarius coreaecollected in the hyperendemic areas of KHFfrom January 1.971 to March 1973 30
Table 17-I. Autopsy data of Apodemus agrarius coreaecollect(d in the hyperendemic areas of KIIFfrom April to December 1973 46
Table 18. Autopsy data of Apodemus agrarius coreaeyielding agents collected in the hyperendemic-areas of IGIF from January 1971 to December 1973 51
Table 19. Summary of autopsy data, Microtus fortispelliceus from January 1971 to December 1973 52
Table 20. Autopsy data of Microtus fortis pelliceuscollected in the hyperendemic areas of KHFfrom January 1971 to March 1973 53
-Table 20-1. Autopsy data of Microtus fortis pelliceuscollected in the hyperendemic areas of KBFfrom April to December 1973 58
Table 21. Autopsy data of Microtus fortis pelliceusyielding agents collected in the hyperendemicareas of KHIF from January 1971 to December 1973 61
Table 22. Sumnary of autepsy data, Crocidura lasiurafrom January 1971 to December 1973 62
Table 23. Autopsy data of Crocidura lasiura collectedin the hyperendemic areas of K11F fromJanuary 1971 to December 1973 63
Table 24. Autopsy data of Mus musculus yamashinaicollected in the hyperendemic areas of KHFfrom January 1971 to December 1973 65
iv
Table 25. Autopsy data of Clethriononts rufocanusregulus collected in the hyperendemic areasof KH? from January. 1971 to December 1973 66
Table 26. Autopsy data of Cricetulus trition nestor(Korean G. Hamster) collected in the hyperendemicareas of KF from January 1971 to December 1973 66
Table 27. Autopsy data of Microvys minutus ussuricuscollected in the hyperendemic areas of KHFfrom January 1971 to December 1973 .67
Table 28. Autopsy data of Talpa micrura coreanacollected in the tlrperendemic areasof KHF from January 1971 to December 1973 67
List of Publications 68
v
Introduction
It was during the Korean wzr and in the U.S. forces stationed inYunchun and Chulwon areas that the first case of epidemic hemorrhagicfever was ieported in Korea in 1951 (1). Before 1944 this disease hadbeen also reported in Vladivostok (2), and in the bouldaries betweenU.S.S.R. and Manchuria (3, 4, 5, 6). For the epidentiological differencesbetween the cases occurred in Korea and those in U.S.S.R. the diseasereported in Korea has been named as Korean hemorrhagic fever (KHF) (7),
The cases of this disease hay., been continuously reported. By theend of the year 1973, total number of the hospitalized patients reachedup to 6,07, the fatality rate3 hovering about 5-10% (Tablel).
During the Korean war, the occurrence of the KHF patients wascorfined in the areas adjacent to the 38th parallel, :. -rc most of theinhabitants were the ilitary personnel. And until 1969 this diseasehad been an endemiz one in the vicinity of demilitarized zone (DMZ).
But this disease advanced southwards to the whole areas of Kyungi-do and Kangwon-do in 1970 (7), to the vicinity of Daejeon in 1971, andto almost all over the South Korea. except CheJu-do, Cheollanafn-do andPusan City, in 1972 (8) and 1973 (Table 5, 6). Since 1971, in ourepidemiological investigations the civilian patients have been nearlyequal in number to the military personnel (Table 1).
The number of civilian KHF cases (241) exceeded the number of ArmyKHF cases (237) for the first time in Korea in 1973 and only one peakin the incidence of the disease was observed in the late fall of 1973(Table 1, 2, 3, 4, 6).
The isolation of the causative agent of this disease has not beensuccessful, so the natural host, the vector, and the transmission ofthe causative agent are still left in obscurity.
There are many bioepidemiological studies suggesting the fieldrodents as the possible natural host of this disease (9, 10i 11, 12,13, 14). but none of these are confirmed yet.
It was reported that the Calomrys callosus, a reservoir of Bolivian
hemorrhapic fever, when infected by virus, has a spleen 10 times largerthan that of a normal rodent (15).
In Korea, the collection and classification of the field rodentshave been studied (13, 1h). but, there is no report. on the weightmeasurements of the various organs of the field rodents.
This research was carried out with the purposes as followings;
1) to classify field rodents collected from the areas, where civilianpatients of K}'/ had bhen occurred within the period or 3 years
2) to study th, relationship hetween seasonal distribution of fieldrodents any incidenc- of K{F patients
3) to investigate the normal anid abnormal value of the weights
of various organs obtained from field rodents
Materials and Methods
Project areas:Surveys were carried out. in the civilian villages, where many cases
of Korean hemorrhagic fever has been reported every year
Four areas, namely Yunchun, Chulwon, Pochun and PaJu were surveyedin 1971. And two areas Yunchun and Dongduchun, in 1972 and 1973.
These areas are typical farm villagua, located in mountainousdistricts and surrounded by rice paddy fields, dry fields, streamsand mountains.
Cgllection of field rodents:From the areas described above, the field rodents were collected
by traps with several kinds of bates. rDfore the sunset, the trapswere set near the holes of the rodents. The trapped rodents werecollected midnight and at 6 o'clock in the next morning, and carriedto the laboratory.
Classification of field rodents:The collected field rodents were classified according to the
Won'3 method of classification (17).
Anatomical investigations 2f field rodents:AlI trapped rodents were anesthetized in a glass bottle with
chloroform, were bled totally by direct cardiac puncture with steriletuberculin syringe, and then, were autopsied.
After sex differentiation and body weight measurements, from allhealthy rodents, cervical lymphnode, spleen, liver and kidney wereexcised and weighed.
Distribution of field rodents in the endemic Areas of Koreanhemorrharic fever;
Table.7 showa the total number and species of field rodentscollected in 1971. All were of 7 species; the majority was Apodemusagrarius coreae (83%), followed by Microtus fortis pelliceus (8.6%).
The species Mus musculus y'.mashinai anu Rattus norvegicus areVusually found in the human dweaings and can hardly be classified as
field rodents. Merely 10 rodents of these species were collected.And it was re'arkable that Crocidura lasiura a insectivore, occupied3.4% of the total collected rodents.
In table 8, the total number and species of rodents collectedin 1972 are represented. As in 1971, Apodemus agrarius coreae rankedthe first (74%), Microtus fortin pellicrus the second (20%) andf ~Crocidura lasiura the third (2%).
2
Compared with the results of the year 1971, the appearance of MicroiWsminutus ussuricus and TaJna micrura coreana In 1972 was a distinguishinrfeature.
Table 9 indicates the results of the year 1973. 350 rodents werecollected and classified. Most of them were Apodemus agrariue coreaeand Microtus fortis nelliceus. The species Crocidura Iasiura was thethird in order, but its total number was as many as 32.
In the result3 of 3 y a (1971 - 1973), it is a common fact thatAnodeinus ararius coreae is -he majority and Microtus fortis pelliceusin order. This fact in not variable wit" the regional difference(namely it was the same in Yunchun, Fochun, Paju and Yangju, etc.).
Seasonal distribution of field rodents collected in the endemic areasof Korean hemorrhapic fever:
In 1971, as shown in table 10, most of the rodents were collectedin March, Arril, May, Sertembe:. October and November. Apodemusaprarius coreai was collected mainly around November, Microtus fori-ispelliceus in May and Cricetulus in October.
Figure 1 demonstrates the comparison, in 1971, between theseason-snecific incidence of KHF patients and the season-specificoccurrence of field rodents. The incidence of KHF patients was highin June and November, and in accordance with this, the occurrence ofthe field rodents also high in May and November.
Table 1i shows the scasona] distrinution of the field rodents
in the endemic areas of KHF in 1972. Most of the rodents were collectedin March, Anril, uly and November. Apodemus aprarius coreae had itstop occurrence in late srring and late fall, Microtus fortis pelliceusin March and April, Crocidura lasiura, being of small ntnber, wascollected in way and December.
In figure 2, the seasonal distribution of rodents col1- cted in1972 is compared with the incidence of ']HF patients occurred withinthe same period. The incidence of KHF patients was high in June andNovember but the occurrence of rodents did not accord with it.
In 1973, as shown in table ]2, rodenta were coll fted mainlyIn October, November and Deceber.
Figure 3 represents the seasonal comparison, in 1973, betweenthe number of KflF ratients and that of collected rodents. in parailel
* with the ozcurrence of rodents, tVe incidence of KHF patients alsoshowed ita reak in October and November.
* The species and seasonal distributions of field rodents collectedin the period of 3 years (1971 - 1973) are demonstrated in table 13and in table 14, respectively. As shown in table 14. most of the
*rmdents were collected in April (9.0%), May (10Y%), October (13%) andNovrcnher (131). Table 15 shows, most of the KHF patients werehospitalized in June, October, November and Decmber.
3
In figure 4, the seasonal incidence of KHF patients occurred in3 years from 1,71 to 1973 was compared with the seasonal distributionof field rodent collected within the same period. Apodenms agrariuscoreae and Crocidura Iasiura had two peaks, sma]l peak in, May and June,larpe peak in October and November as two incidence peaks of patientsin dune, small pak, and in November, large peak.
Results of anatomical investigation of normal field rodents andfield rodents Yielding a!,-'nt"
Anatomical characteristics of 753 normal Apodemus agrarius coreaeare summerized in table !! and dktaiis of each autopsied roylent intable 17 and 17-1. The rodents were classified with the criteria ofbody weights, and their variouq organs 4r-re weighed. There is nodistinguishable difference in weights o!" organs betwecn male rodentsand female. But with the difference in body weight, the organs showedgreat variation in their weights.
Autopsy data of 2 Apodemus agrarius coreae yielding unknown apentscollected in the endemic areas of KHF in 1972 were presented in table18. Characterization of these agents will be reported in detailin next report.
To compare weights of various orl-aris of rodent yielding agentswith normal Apodemus agrarius coreae, it is noteworthy that weight ofliver yielding agent wa3 heavier than liver of normal rodent.
Tables 19, 20 and 20-1 show the anatomical characteristics of 151icrotus fortis pelliceus. Any differences in weights of various
orrans between male rodents and female could not be nouiced
Table 21 shows the autopsy data of 11 Microtus fortis relliceusyielding unkncwn agents collected in the endentlc areas of X]F from1971 to 1973. Spleeraof R-72-141, R-72-80, R-73-40 and livers ofR-73-0o, K-72-77, R-72-127 were almost, twice heavier than that of normal.
Tables 22 and 23 are concerned with Crocidura lasiura and totalnumber collected for 3 years shows 45 but actually the number should befar more than this firure because a lots of them v..;re discarded in thefield since they died so fast in 1973 and 1972. Tahle 24, 25, 26, 27and 28 are representing the anatomical characteristics of Mu3 musculusyamashinai, of Clt.hrionomys rufocanus regulus, of Cricetulua tritionnestor, of Microi.-ys minutus ussurlcus, and -f only one Talpa micruracoreana, respectively. In general, there was no remarkable difference,except that kidneys and ly'mpnnjd' of female Clethrionomys rufocanu3regulus weiFghed more than those of fermale.
DiacuSsion
It was 50 years ago that epidemic h-morrhaplc fever was reportedIn U.S.S.R. (2), and 23 years have passed since Korean hemorrhapicfever occurred in Korea (1).
h
Studies of so many Americanis and Russians for the isolation of theetiologic agent of this disease resulted in vain and the susceptibleanimal host or detector system is not found yet. But it is said that,in 1944, in North Manchuria, Japanese experimented this disease withhumin beings; the inoculation of the early sera, urine (4) andsuspensions of mites Trombicula (19), into human body successfullyreproduced the same disease.
If, as in the cases of arboviruses, viremia comes in incubationperiod, the isolation of KHF etiologic agent from patients will bevery difficult. And if this hemorrhagic disease is a consequence ofimmunological reactions, the problems will get all the more difficult.
For the first time in Korea, number of hospitalized civilianKHF patients (241) exceeded number of Arny KHF patients (237) in 1973and furthermore, epidemiologic investigation revealed that there wasonly one large peak in incidence of the disease in the late fallin compare with previous epidemic years those having two peaks,small one in late and early summer and large one in late fall.
There are many studies on the distribution of field rodentsin the epidemic areas of KI{F (12, 13, 14, 15).
According to Traub et al (12), the field rodents collected La theperiod of 6 months (from May of 1952 to January of 1953) were of 4species; Apodemus aprarius coreae, Microtus fortis pelliceus,Clethrionomys rufocanus and Cricetulus trition nestor.
But, in 1953, in the studies of Kim and Shin (14), the collectedrodents were of 10 genera 11 species. Among 11 species, 3 were houserodents and 8 were field rodents.
In 1967, in the areas where no KHF patients had been reported,Kim and Woo (15) collected field rodents of 6 genera 6 species;Apodemus agrarius coreae (82%), Rattus norvegicus (8%) and Cricetulustrition nestor (5%) in order. Interesting was that Crocidura lasiura,as insectivora, occupied 3% and no Microtus fortis pelliceus andClethrionomys rufocanus regulus were collected at all.
According to Won (17), the occurrence of Microtus fortis pelliceuswas confined to Rajin in north Korea and the central areas of DMZ.It seems important that the distribution of Microtus fortis pelliceusand Korean giant hamster is in accordance with the early epidemic areasof KHF. Clethrionomys rufocanus regulus was found all over the country,Korean giant hamster in Manpo of north Korea, central areas adjacentto 38th parallel, East-seashore and Cheju-do, Apodemus agrarius coreaealso all over the country but largely in central parts of Korea.And Crocidura lasiura was distributed in central parts of this countryand Hamkyungbuk-do of north Korea.
Most of the above data except Won's data (15) were obtained mainlyin the central parts of this country and after the occurrence of theKHF patients in 1951. To understnad the whole distribution of fieldrodents, i will be necessary to investigate throughout the country.
5
In our surveys, the data of 3 y'ears (1971 - 1973) show similarlityin the species distribution of fie.d rodents. In 1971, the rodentswere of 7 species; Apodemuu agraiius coreae was the majority (83%),fo]lowed by Microtus fortis pel]iceus (9%) and Crocidura lasiura (3.4%).8 species were collected in 1972; Arxdemus agrarius coreae occupied71% of total rodents, Mi ,otus fortis pell lce-s '.0%, and Crociduralasiura 2%. In 19713 the collected rodents were of 6 species;Apodemus also ranked tae first (70%), Microtus fortis pelliceus thesecond (19%) and Crocidura lasiuc-a the third (9%).
T3on (18) insisted that the main species of rodents in the areascircumfering II.S. forces stationed near the DMZ were the Mus musculusymnashinai, Apodcmus agrarius coreae and Crocidura lasiura in order,and the species Mus inusculus yamashinai should be closely associatedwith KHF. However this species belongs to house rodents, so it isn'tlikely a natural host of the etiologic agent of the disease, but
cannot be ruled out
Although the Crocidura lasiura is one of the rarest rodents ofthe world, it has been col]ected in large number perennially in theendemic areas of KHF. The data in table 22 present only 45 autopsiedcases for 3 yeur period however the number collected should be farmore than this figure because the field man discarded a lot of themin the field in 1971 and 1972 since they died so fast after collectionin the fieid. This species will be investigated with special interestsin our research.
After total bleeding we excised the organs from normal rodents,weighed them and investigated the significance of the weights ofvarious organs in relation to their body weight. Understanding thenormal value of the average weight is a prerequesit for the differen-tiation of an abnormal. organ from a normal one. For the more, if,as in Bolivian hemorrhagic fever, a host infected by virus provesitself to have an organ of an abnormal size, it will oe a great successin the study of KHF.
According to the results as shown In tables 18, 21, some of therodents yielding unknown agents had relatively larger sizes of spleenand liver than normal rodents but, not as simnificant ae Calorzoscallosus of Bolivian hemorrhagic fever.
Ectoparasites of field rodents have been investigated and suspectedas a vector. But there were only few studies on the seasonal distribu-tion of field rodents. According to our survry, the occurrence offield rodents was high in early summer and late fall, in parallel withthe incidence of KHF patients. This fact. seems to suggest scmerelationship of this disease to field rodents.
In Arrentine and Bolivian hemorrhagic fever, which are causedby Arenavirus (20), ectoparasites are not regarded as to play a majorrole as a vector. Also in epidemiological studies of KHF, the generalopinion is that the arthropod may not act as a important vector.
6
L i
Since this disease affects mainly the people handling with grassesand earth in the fields, some unknown causative agent in the excrets ofnatural hosts can be suspected to intrude into a susceptible personthrough respiratory path or skin.
Without isolation of etiologic agent, nothing can be concludedwith safety. But it is certain that field rodents will be suspectedas a natural host of KHF and investigated continuously.
Summar-y
478 hospitalized patients suffered from KHF were recorded andcivilian cases (241) exceeded Army cases (237) for the first time inKorea in 1973. Seasonal incidence of KHF patients in 1973 showedonly one peak in the late fall.
Within the period of 3 years (1971 - 1973), 1,109 field rodentswere collected in the endemic areas of Korean hemorrhagic fever(namely Yunchun, Yangju, Pochun and Paju). The classification,seasonal distribution and anatomical characteristics were investigated.
The results are summerized as follows;
1) The collected field rodents were of 2 orders, 3 families,9 genera, 9 species. There were 2 species of insectivora.The majority was Apodemus agrarius coreae (76%), followed byMicrotus fortis pelliceus (16%), Crocidura lasiura (5%) andMus musculus yamashinai (2%).
2) The study of the seasonal distribution revealed that, in May, June,November and December, the occurrence of field . ents had beenhigh in parallel with the incidence of KHF patients.
3) Anatomical characteristics of field rodents were studied.In accordance with the increase of body weight, the weights ofvarious organs also increased. But there were no differencein the weights of organs between male rodents and female.Livers, spleens and kidneys of some field rodents yieldingunknown agents were larger than those of normal rodents.
The weights of normal organs were in the following ranges;
a) Organs of 753 Apodemus agrarius coreae;cervical lymphnode: 0.02-0.03 gin, spleen: 0.05-0.3 gmiliver: 0.7-3.2 gin, kidney: 0.2-0.6 gin.
b) Organs of 151 Microtus fortis pelliceus;cervical lymphnode: 0.02-0.07 gin, spleen: 0.02-0.17 gin,liver: 1.3-3.6 gm, kidney: 0.3-0.7 gin.
7
c) Organs of 45 Crocidura le.siura;cervical lymphnode: 0.01-0.02 gin, spleen: 0.07-0.11 go,liver: 0.8-0.9 gin, kidney: 0.2-0.3 gin.
1. 406th Medical General laboratory: Annual Historical Report, 18, 1951.2. Casals, J., Henderson, B. E., Hoogstraal, H., Johnson, K. M. and
Shelokov, A.: A review of Soviet viral hemorrhagic fevers, 1969,J. Infect. Dis., 122; 457, 1970.
3. Ishii: Studies on song-go fever, Japanese ArW Medical J. 355, 1943.4. Kasahara Kitano: Pathogen of epidemic hemorrhagic fever,
Journal of Japanese Pathol., 34, 1944.5. Kitano, R.: A study of epidemic hemorrhagic fever, Manschou
Med. J., 40; 191, 1944.6. Smorodintsev, Al'tshuler, I. S., Dunaevskii, N. I., Kokhreidze, K. A.,
Neustroev, V. D. and Churiloy, A. U.: Etiology and clinics ofhemorrhagic nephroso-nephritis, Moscow Medgiz, 26, 1944.
7. Lee, H. W.: Korean hemorrhagic fever, J. Korean Soc. Infect..Dis., 3; 13, 1971.
8. Lee, H. W.: Korean hemorrhagic fever, U.S. ArnW Research andDevelopment Group, FE-464-4 Annual Report, 1973.
9. Dodge H. J., Griffiu, H. E., Gauld, R. L. and Xim, Y. S.:Epidemic hemorrhagic fever in a Korean farmer population Am.J. Hyg., 63; 38, 1956
10. Gauld, R. L. and Craig, J. P.: Epidemiological pattern of localizedoutbreaks of epidemic hemorrhagic fever, Am. J. Hg.-, 59; 32, 1954.
11. Yun, B. B., Kim, S. Y.: Epidemologic survey of epidemic hemorrhagicfever, J. New Medicine 13; 867, 1970.
12. Traub, R., Marshall, H., Lawrence, W. H. and Harris, T, T.:Potential vectors and reservoirs of hemorrhagic fever in Korea,Am. J. Hyg., 59; 291, 1954.
[S
13. Huh, C. S., Mon, H. C., Yang, S. J., Kim, X. F. and Kim, I. H.:An entomological survey on the mites as a possible vector ofepidemic hemorrhagic fever, Ary Med. J., 9; 81, 1962.
14. Kim, M. Y. and Shin, H. K.: An etiological survey of the mitesas a possible vector of epidemic hemorrhagic fever, ROK Army Med.J., 9; 1965.
15. Kim, M. Y. md J. S. Woo: An entomological survey on E. H. fever.Army Med. J., 12; 6, 1967.
16. Johnson, K. M., Mackenzie, R. B., Webb, P. A., and Kuns, X. L.:Chronic infection of rodents by Machupo virus. Science, 150;1618, 1965.
17. Won, B. W.: Korean animal and plant, Samwha Pub. Co. Seoul#7; 190, 1967.
18. Tyson, E. L.: Small mammals in relation to Korean hemorrhagicfever, a Preliminary Report Research Scientist, anithsonianInstitution, Washington, D. C. 1970.
19. Asanuma, K.: Two new species of the blood sucking mites parasiticon the striped mouse, Apodemus agrarius, from Manchuria (Acarina:Laelaptidae). Miscellaneous Report of Research Institute ofNatural Resources, 2k,; 86092, 1952. (Tokyo).
20. Rowe, W. P., Murphy, F. A., Bergold, G. H., Casals, J., Hotchin,J., Johnoon, K. M., Lehmann-Grube, F., Mims, C. A., Traub, E.and Webb, P; A.: Arenoviruses: Proposed name for a newly definedvirus group, J. of Virology, 5; 651, 1970.
9
Table 1
Korean Hemorrhagic Fever in Korer(Hospitalized Cases)
Autopsy Data of Micronms Minutus UssuricusCollected in the Hypererdemic Areas ofKHF from January 1971 to Dee.th-r 1973
Code Body sex MaxillaryNo. weight lymphnodes Spleen Liver Kidney
R-72-Jo 6 g F o.Og 0.o7 0.39 0.2gR-72-102 6 F 0.01 0.08 0.32 0.15
Average 6 0.Jlg 0.08g 0319 0.18g(2)
%
Table 28
Autopsy Data of Talpa Micrura CoreanaCollected in the HyPerendemic Areasof KHF from January 1971 to December 1973
Code Body Sex Maxillary Spleen Liver KidneyNo. weight lymphnodes
R-72-184 62g F 0.02e 0.2e 2.38g 0.559
I
~67/
List of. Publications
1. Kwon, C. S., Lim, Ye W. and Lee, H. W.: Studies on ectoparasitesof field rodents collected in the endemic areas of Koreanhemorrhagic fever, Korea Univ. Med. J., 1973, 10; 817.
2. Kwon, B. S., Lee, S. H. and Lee, H. W.: Studies on a method ofrapid test for hepatitis associated antigen and its prevalence