Acts of Aggression

Acts of Aggression engineering sAbotAge

**Act of Aggression** An act of hostile behavior intended to cause

bodily injury to another person or thing.

**War** A conflict carried on by force of arms, as

between nations or between parties within a nation; warfare as by land, sea, or air

1775-1783 American Revolution (Eng Colonists vs Great Britian)

1812-1815 War of 1812 (US vs Great Britian)

1861-1865 Civil War (Union vs Confederacy)

1914-1918 WW1 (Germany, Italy & Austria-Hungary vs Britian, France & Russia)

1939-1945 WW2 (Germany, Italy & Japan vs US, Great Britian, France & Russia)

1950-1953 Korean War (US and S Korea vs N Korea and Communist China)

1960-1975 Vietnam War (US & S Vietnam vs N Vietnam)

1961 Bay of Pigs (US vs Cuba) 1990-1991 Persian Gulf War (US vs Iraq) 2001 Invasion of Afghanistan (US vs

Taliban) 2003 Invasion of Iraq (US vs Iraq)

**Terrorism Definition** The use of violence and intimidation in the

pursuit of political aims

World Trade Center Towers - Background

“Tube" buildings Strength in design Fending off tremendous winds

The World Trade Center towers were actually engineered to withstand the impact of a airliner collision!

Why did they fall? Heat and explosions Structural integrity

http://engineering.com/Library/ArticlesPage/tabid/85/articleType/ArticleView/articleId/103/World-Trade-Center-Disaster.aspx

September 11, 2001

New York – Arlington – Shanksville

New York City

New York City

In the early morning hours of September 11, 2001, four commercial airliners were hijacked.

8:46 a.m. – American Airlines Flight 11 was the first to crash into the North Tower of the World Trade Center.

Approximately seventeen minutes later, United Airlines Flight 175 crashed into the South Tower.

Images from World Trade Center Building Performance Study conducted by the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA).

New York City The second crash was

captured on live television. Structural damage to both the

North and South Towers caused them to collapse.

The South Tower collapsed first at 9:59 a.m.

The North Tower collapsed 29 minutes later.

Nearly 3,000 were killed including: 343 Firefighters 23 Police Officers 37 Port Authority Police Officers A bomb-sniffing dog named Sirius

New York City

CICERO © 2011

Arlington, Virginia

9:37 a.m. – American Airlines Flight 77 crashed into the Pentagon.

The western side of the building was engulfed in flames.

Part of the building collapsed.

189 people were killed: 64 aboard Flight77

125 inside the Pentagon building.

Shanksville, Pennsylvania

On September 11, 2010, Former First Lady Laura Bush and First Lady Michele Obama visited the site of United Airlines Flight 93

airplane crash.

The fourth plane, United Airlines Flight 93, was expected to head toward the Capitol Building in Washington, D.C.

Passengers in that plane, however, prevented that from happening.

Unfortunately, at 10:03 A.M., the plane crashed in a field in Shanksville, Pennsylvania, killing everyone onboard.

Rescue and Recovery Efforts It took months to complete the

rescue and recovery efforts.

Some survivors were found and rescued from under the rubble, but not many.

The fires beneath the rubble burned for weeks, and the cleanup was not fully complete until May 2002.

Relief funds were established to help the victims and victims’ families.

Lives Lost

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In all, 2,996 people died that day, including the 19 hijackers. The youngest victim was a 2-year-

old girl on U.A. Flight175.

The oldest victim was an 82-year-old man on A.A. Flight 11.

To date, the remains of only 1,629 victims have been identified.

More than 6,000 people were injured.

It was the largest attack on United States soil since Pearl Harbor.

Lives Lost

Broader Effects Beyond those who lost their lives

on September 11, many thousands more were directly affected: It is estimated that about 3,000 children

lost a parent and more than 1,600 people lost a spouse.

20% of Americans knew someone who was either hurt or killed that day.

Nearly 150,000 jobs were lost in New York City alone as a result of the attacks.

1 year later, 7 in 10 Americans reported they had experienced depression since the attacks.

Twin boys hold a photograph of their father, who was killed in the

September 11th attacks.

Video Events in the Sky Video Timeline of 9/11 The Flight That Fought Back

Oklahoma City Bombing

9:02 a.m. April 19, 1995

Residents of Chandler, Oklahoma heard a loud noise.

Some thought it was a sonic boom. Others wondered how thunder could

be heard on such a clear and sunny day.

40 miles away in Oklahoma City

168 dead and over 500 injured 320 structures in surrounding area damaged $651 million of damage

Timothy McVeigh

Born April 23, 1968

Western New York

Loved the Outdoors

Interested in Guns

“Army Buddies” Terry Nichols Older than other

soldiers Called “Old Man”

Michael Fortier Fulfilling family

tradition of military service

Why?

McVeigh was especially unhappy about how the FBI handled the Waco standoff that created more casualties than needed.

Decided the best way to get his message across to the government was to bomb a federal building.

The Bomb The bomb was composed of fertilizer

pellets and motorcycle fuel. It only cost around $5000 to make and the

truck rental only cost $250. Placed in sixteen 55 US gallon drums and

stored in the back of the Ryder rental truck.

The Attack

April 14th McVeigh rents a Ryder truck under a false name.

Next day he drove to Oklahoma City and parked a getaway car a few blocks away from the Murrah building with a note that said “Do not two”.

The bomb was set to detonate at 11 am but it was changed to 9 am that morning.

The Blast Itself Blast occurred and was the equivalent of 3 tons

of TNT McVeigh claimed the force of the blast lifted him

a full inch off the ground He said buildings were wobbling from side to

side and plate glass showered down into the street around him

Every building in a sixteen block area surrounding the blast was damaged. Some had to be demolished

168 Killed and over 500 injured 163 were in the Murrah Building Nurse who rushed to the scene died while assisting in

the rescue effort Woman in Athenian building across the street Man and Woman in Oklahoma Water Resources

Building across the street Woman killed as she was walking through a nearby

parking lot 20 more than the 148 Americans killed in the Gulf War 8 were Federal Law Enforcement Agents 99 worked for the Federal Government in some capacity 19 children killed Most of the dead would not be identified for several

days; several took weeks to identify Ages ranged from 3 months to 73 years old

19 Children Killed

America’s Kids Day Care was on the second floor of the Murrah Building

McVeigh claimed," I didn’t know there was a day care center. I’ve never been in the building in my life.”

McVeigh never expressed any remorse over the deaths of the many federal employees in the building, just the children.

Rescue and Recovery

Emergency and Rescue centers were set up

within the first hour 50 people were rescued from the building and sent to every hospital in the area.

Temporary silences were observed so monitors that could hear human heartbeats would help find survivors buried under the rubble.

Some limbs had to be amputated without anesthesia to rescue people from the rubble.

Rescue and RecoveryThe site was evacuated once when a second bombs was said to be found but it tuned out to be a military dummy.

The last survivor from day 1 was a 15 year old girl

12,000 people participated in the relief and rescue. One nurse was killed from falling debris and many other workers were injured.

24 K-9 units were brought in to find bodies.

Rescue and Recovery

By May 5th all bodies were recovered except for 3.

Humanitarian responses included the donation of many rescue resources, warm food and clothes and 9000 units of blood.

So many resources were donated that it actually caused inventory control problems.

ArrestMcVeigh was arrested 90 minutes after the explosion for not having a license plate on his getaway car.

He was brought into the station for questioning.

A part of the truck survived that allow police to identify who rented it. Comparing this name with the hotel name that was given and the earlier police reports they knew they had their man.

McVeigh had multiple incriminating documents on him tying him to the explosion.

Investigation and trial

FBI led the investigation. Largest criminal investigation in the USA

McVeigh had 6 attorneys and the USA had 11.

McVeigh took responsibility for the attack but claimed he was only preventing future disasters from occuring.

137 witnesses were called.

Results

Jury took 23 hours to decide that McVeigh was guilty of 11 counts of murder and conspiracy.

The defense only wanted life in prison but McVeigh was sentenced to death.

He was executed by lethal injection on June 11th 2001

AftermathDeadliest act of Terrorism in the USA before 9/11

400,000 people from the Oklahoma City Metropolitan area knew someone who was affected by the attack.

FBI hired 500 agents to investigate terrorism.

US Government enacted the Anti-Terrorism and Effective Death Penalty Act of 1996

Allowed future victims of terrorist attacks to witness the trial and provide impact testimonies.

Construction

All future federal buildings now had to meet the California earthquake codes to prevent future collapse.

Concrete bumper barriers needed to be set up outside each federal building to prevent trucks from parking near them.

Oklahoma City Memorial

“The bombing brought us to our knees, but we got back up. If anything, it made us stronger.”

Video Oklahoma City Bombing

Boston Marathon April 15, 2013

The Blasts

The Suspects

Dead: Tamerlan Tsarnaev, 26

In Jail: Dzhokhar , 19

3 Deaths264 Injured

2 pressure cooker bombs13 seconds, 210 yards apart

Video

The Boston Marathon Tragedy

**Computer Virus Definition** Computer software program which can

copy itself and infect a computer without the owner’s permission. `

Computer Viruses - Background

Jobs? Software Engineering

Computer Programming

Electrical Engineering

Computer Virus – Background Computer virus – attaches to other

programs. Computer worm – individual program that

travels through networks. Designed to destroy.

Computer Viruses - Example ILOVEYOU worm – May 4, 2000

Sent by e-mail Open the attachment: "LOVE-LETTER-FOR-

YOU.TXT.vbs" Infected tens of thousands of computers in Asia,

Europe, and the USA in one day

ILOVEYOU email destruction 10% of all computers connected to the

Internet were infected Overwrote files 5.5 billion dollars in damage Large corporations shut down

The ILOVEYOU lesson Software that repairs damage and screens

for viruses and worms Various networking systems Laws against cybercrime

**School Shooting** When gun violence takes place at an

educational setting.

Columbine High School April 20, 1999 (Columbine, CO) Dead – 12 students and 1 teacher 27 injuries (including 3 when trying to

escape school) 2 Seniors: Dylan Klebold & Eric Harris http://www.youtube.com/watch?

v=K7LR17hgKgA

Virginia Tech Massacre

The Suspect

April 16, 2007 Killed 32 people and

wounded 17 in 2 separate attacks approximately 2 hours apart before committing suicide.

Deadliest school shooting by a single gunman in history.

Seung-Hui Cho, senior

Virginia Tech Video

Massacre at Virginia Tech

Sandy Hook Elementary School

The VictimsDecember 14, 2012

20 children6 adult staff members

Killed his mother prior to heading to the school.

The Suspect20 year old Adam Lanza

Video The Newtown Tragedy

Take Away Thoughts?