Paramjit Sharma activity based management
Nov 13, 2014
Paramjit Sharma
activity
based
management
Paramjit Sharma
Did you ever noticed-------?
Few Activities ?
Which takes more time than required
Which are not making much value addition
Which can be eliminated
Which cannot be eliminated
Which can be substituted
Which cannot be substituted
Paramjit Sharma
These activities consume resources, time, space
Paramjit Sharma
Therefore, these activities require management
Paramjit Sharma
What is ABM?
ABM Manages activitiesto improve the value of Products and Services to Customers and increase firm’s Profit
Paramjit Sharma
What is ABM?
Using ABM
management can….
Improve operationsReduce CostsIncrease Value to customers
Through
Identifying Resources spent on
CustomersProductsActivities
Paramjit Sharma
Case of Stockholm Valve and Fittings
Redesigned Partsto minimize
Manufacturingcost
Modified Equipments toReduce Costs
It increased Pricesof productsPriced belowABC Cost
andDropped UnprofitableProducts
and EarnedHigher Profits
Paramjit Sharma
What Else is ABM?
ABM Improves management focus on the firm’sCritical success factors and enhances itsCompetitive advantage
Paramjit Sharma
ABM
OperationalABM
StrategicABM
Cooper and Kaplan classify ABM
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OperationalABM
Enhances operational efficiency
Efficient Assets utilization
Lowers Cost
Focus on doing things Right
Performing activities Efficiently
Use Management techniques activity management business process reengineering total quality management performance management
Paramjit Sharma
StrategicABMAttempts to alter the demand for activitiesand increase profitability at the current orimproved activities efficiency
Paramjit Sharma
Focus on appropriate activities, eliminate non essential activities for the operations
Improve profitability by reducing unprofitable activities
Selecting most profitable customers
Management techniques Process Design, Product line and Customer mix Supplier Relationship, Customer Relationship Market Segmentation and Distribution channels
Strategic ABM
Paramjit Sharma
The Role of ABC/ Management - Tools
What do we do? Activity Analysis, Cause & Effect, Pareto AnalysisWhat do we do?
Activity based CostingHow much it Cost?
Performance MeasurementHow well we do it?How well we do it?
Bench Marking, JIT processes, performing Process redesign, eliminating low value added activities
How can we do it better?
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ABM - tools
Cause and EffectDiagram
Pareto AnalysisPerformanceMeasurement
COST DRIVERANALYSIS
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ABM tools
Cost Driver Analysis
Examines, quantifies and explains the effectof the cost driver on the cost of an Activity.It searches for root cause of activity cost.
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ABM tools
Tools used in Cost driver analysis
Cause and Effect diagrams Pareto Analysis Performance Management
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ABM tools
Cause and Effect Diagram
It maps out causes that affect anactivity, process, stated problemor desired outcome.
WasteMore ConsumptionSlow ProductionProductivityLabourTransport
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ABM tools
Pareto Analysis
Is a histogram of cost drivers that contributeto the total cost.
It show that 20% of cost drivers are responsibleFor 80% of the cost incurred
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ABM tools
Performance Measurement
Identifies the work performed and the result achieved by an activity, process,or organizational unit. Measures bothFinancial and non financial results
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Activity Analysis
A firm performs an activity because it is
•Required to meet specification of the product/service•Required to sustain the Organisation•Deemed beneficial to the firm
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Activity Analysis
A firm must assess each of its activities for their
Need for customer or productEfficiency &Value content
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Activity Analysis
Selected Activity
Is the activityRequired to sustain
The Organisation
Can theActivity beeliminated
Eliminate activityTo reduce the
cost
Can the driverFrequency be
Reduced?
Does the activity
Contain low-valueAddedTasks?
Reduce the activityFrequency toReduce cost
Eliminate low valueAddedActivity
To reduce cost
DONE
Is the activity requiredto meet the specification
of the product or Service or Satisfy Customer demand
NO
YesNO
Yes
NO
Yes
NO
Are all costsReduction
OpportunitiesIdentified?
No
No
Yes Yes Yes
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High Value Added Activity
A high value added activity increases the Value of the product or service to thecustomers
•Inserting flange into a part•Pouring molten metal into mold•Preparing field for planting•Installing anti virus software•Designing, Processing, delivering products and Services•After Sales Service
High ValueAddedActivities
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Television News Broadcasting – HV Added
A high value added activity is one that, if eliminated, would affect the accuracy and effectiveness of the news cast and decrease total viewers as well as ratings for that time slot.
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TNB – HV Added
1. Activities that augment accuracy
-Verification of story sources and acquired information
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TNB – HV Added
2. Activities that augment effectiveness
- Efficient electronic journalism to ensure effective taped segments - News cast story order planned so that viewers can follow one story to the next. - Field crew time used to access the best footage possible - Meaningful news story writing - Contents to the newscast planned so that viewers get the best possible package of stories
Paramjit Sharma
Low Value Added Activity
Low Value Added Activity consumes time,Resources, space but adds little in satisfying customers needs . If eliminated, customer valueor customer satisfaction may not decreaseor remains unchanged
Moving parts between processesWaiting timeRepairingRe-work
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A low value added activity is one that, if eliminated, would not affect the accuracy and effectiveness of the newscast. The activity contributes nothing to the quest for viewer retention and improved ratings.
TNB – LV Added Activities
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1Activities that generate excess
- Developing stories not used in a newscast - Assigning more than one person to develop each facet of the same news story
TNB – LV Added Activities
Paramjit Sharma
2. Activities that augment delay (downtime)
- Newscast not completed on time because of one or more inefficient processes. - Too many employees on a particular shift or project.
TNB – LV Added Activities
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Classification of HV Added & LV Added Activities
Activity HV Added LV Added
Designing Product XSetting up XWaiting XMoving XProcessing XReworking XRepairing XStoring XInspecting XDelivering product X
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- Can be eliminated without affecting the form, fit, or function of the product or service;
- Begin with prefix “re” (such as rework or returned goods);
Low Value Added Activities- features
Contd…
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- Result in waste and add little or no value to the product or service
- Are performed due to inefficiencies or errors in theprocess stream;
Low Value Added Activities- features
Contd…
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- Are duplicated in another department or add unnecessary steps to the business process;
- Are performed to monitor quality problems;
- Are performed due to a request of an unhappy or dissatisfied customer;
- Produce an unnecessary or unwanted output; and- If given the option, you would prefer to do less of.
Low Value Added Activities- features
Paramjit Sharma
AMC/M & Customer Profitability Analysis
Paramjit Sharma
Profitability Matrix
Champion
• Product/service
is crucial
• Good trading
partner
Demander
• Pays top-shelf price
• Costly to serve
Cheapskate
• Price-sensitive
• Low service requirement
Losers
Type of Customers
•Low Buying Power
ProductMargin
High
LowCost to serveNominally
DemandingVeryDemanding
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AMC/M & Customer Profitability Analysis
Allows Managers to
•Identify most profitable customers – the champions
• Manage each customer’s “costs-to-serve” to a lower level
• Establish a surcharge for or re-pricing expensive “costs-to-serve” activities;
• Reduce services;
• Introduce new products and services;
• Raise prices for demanders;
• Abandon products, services, or customers
•Improve the process
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Customer Profitability Analysis- tracing their costs & revenue
• Providing better services to highly profitable customers
• Securing highly profitable customers from competitors
• Setting prices based on the cost to serve;
• Higher prices for expensive services and granting discounts, to gain customers requiring lower costs
• Negotiating with customers to reach mutually beneficial levels of services.
•Transforming unprofitable customers for negotiation on price...
•Identifying and conceding permanent loss customers to competitors
Paramjit Sharma
ABC/M & Strategic Cost Management
ABC/ M helps SCM in…..
•Comparing Cost structure and Profits with Competitors
• Identifying Impact on price, design… with switch over from CCA
•Selection of most profitable distribution Channel
•Identifying impact on bottom-line in change due to ABC
•Identifying and eliminating low value added activities
•Achieving its competitive strategy through high performance
•Finding out effect on production costs due to change in method
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Key factors for successful ABC/M Implementation
Accountants Engineers Manufacturer Operations
Identify activities, cost drivers, cost & non cost information
Cost Management &Measurement System
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Key factors for successful ABC/M Implementation
Involving Management & Employees
Maintain a parallel System
Use ABC/M on Jobs which succeed
Keep the initial ABC/M design simple
Create desired incentives
Educate Management
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Survey by Shield and McEven-7 factors
Top Management support
Linkage to competitive strategy
Linkage to Perf evaluation and Compensation
Training
Ownership by Non Accountants
Adequate Resources
Consensus & Clarity in ABC/M Objectives
Paramjit Sharma
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