Active Transport Active transport moves molecules across the cell membrane from an area of _______concentration to an area of ____________ concentration. Active transport requires ________ to move substances against their concentration _________________. Unlike ___________ transport, active transport requires cells to expend energy. Most often, the energy needed for active transport is supplied by ___________.
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Active Transport Active transport moves molecules across the cell membrane from an area of _______concentration to an area of ____________ concentration.
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Active Transport Active transport moves molecules across the cell
membrane from an area of _______concentration to an area of ____________ concentration.
Active transport requires ________ to move substances against their concentration _________________.
Unlike ___________ transport, active transport requires cells to expend energy.
Most often, the energy needed for active transport is supplied by ___________.
Cell Pumps• Some types of active transport are performed by
____________ proteins called cell membrane _________.
• Sodium-Potassium Pump– The sodium-potassium pump moves _______
Na+ ions into the cell’s external environment for every _________ K+ ions it moves into the cytoplasm.
– ___________ supplies the energy that drives the pump.
Transport summary
simplediffusion
facilitateddiffusion
activetransport
ATP
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Three Forms of Transport Across the Three Forms of Transport Across the MembraneMembrane
Transport of Large Particles
Many substances, such as _________ and _________________, are too large to be transported by carrier proteins.
Instead, they cross the cell membrane in ______________, which are membrane-bound sacs.
The vesicle membrane is a ______ bilayer, like the cell membrane. Therefore, vesicles can _________ from the membrane, ________with it, or fuse with other _____________.
Endocytosis The movement of a large substance into a cell by means
of a vesicle is called ________________.
During endocytosis the cell membrane forms a pouch around the substance.
The pouch then closes up and pinches off from the membrane to form a ________ inside the cell.
Vesicles that form by endocytosis may fuse with _________ or other organelles.
Endocytosis includes _____________, in which the vesicle contains solutes or fluids, and _________________, in which the vesicle contains large particles or cells.
Endocytosis
Exocytosis Used to remove large particles from the cell.
In __________, vesicles formed at the ______ or ________ fuse with the cell membrane, releasing their contents into the external environment.
Cells use exocytosis to export ________ modified by the Golgi apparatus. Some protists release their _________ products through this process. Some cells also use exocytosis to remove bacteria or other microbes.
Exocytosis
Wrapping It Up
Both endocytosis and exocytosis require the input of __________.
Cells maintain ______________ by moving substances into and out of the cell.
Some transport processes require the input of energy (_________), while others do not (_____________).
Together, the different types of transport allow a cell to interact with its environment while maintaining homeostasis.