Acid and Base Chemistry
Acid and Base ChemistryAcid and Base Chemistry
Some Properties of Acids
Produce H+ (as H3O+) ions in water (the hydronium ion is a hydrogen ion
attached to a water molecule) Acids start with “H” (HCl, HNO3)
Taste sour
Corrode metals
Electrolytes
React with bases to form neutral salt and water
pH is less than 7
Turns blue litmus paper to red “Blue to Red A‐CID”
Some Properties of Bases
Produce OH‐ ions in water Bases end in “OH”. NaOH Ca(OH)2
Taste bitter, chalky
Are electrolytes
Feel soapy, slippery
React with acids to form neutral salts and water
pH greater than 7
Turns red litmus paper to blue “Basic Blue”
Acids and bases are all around us
Acid and Bases
Acid and Bases
Naming Acids and Bases
‐‐The name of a nonoxy acid ( Acid w/o Oxygen)‐‐Start with hydro‐‐‐Change –ide ending to –ic
Example: HBr = hydrobromic acid• HCl hydrochloric acid • HF hydrofluoric acid
Naming Acids and Bases
‐‐The name of an oxyacidStem of the anion (carbonate) changed to ‐icacidHNO3 nitric acid
• H3PO4 phosphoric acid• H2SO4 sulfuric acid• H2CO3 carbonic acid
Acid Nomenclature Flowchart
hydro- prefix-ic ending
2 elements
-ate endingbecomes-ic ending
-ite endingbecomes
-ous ending
no hydro- prefix
3 elements
ACIDSstart with 'H'
Naming Bases
Say the name of the cation and add hydroxide.
NaOH sodium hydroxideKOH potassium hydroxideBa(OH)2 barium hydroxideMg(OH)2 magnesium hydroxideAl(OH)3 aluminum hydroxideMn(OH) 2 manganese (II) hydroxide
Acid Base Neutralization Reactions
Acid + Base Salt + Water
NaOH + HCl NaCl + H2O
KOH + HCl H2O + KCl
2Al(OH)3 + 3H2SO4 6H2O + Al2(SO4)3
Ca(OH)2 + 2HNO3 2H2O + Ca(NO3)2
Ca(OH) 2 + H2CO3 2H2O + CaCO3
H from acid and OH from base make HOH (H2O )
The elements left over make up the salt Na + Cl NaCl