Abstract Book Icc

3

EDITORIAL BOARD

Prof. Dr. Mohammad Aslam Uqaili

Prof. Dr. Hafeez Ur Rehman Memon

Prof. Dr. Sarfaraz H. Solangi

Prof. Dr. Abdul Ghani Pathan

Prof. Dr. Rasool Bux Mahar

Prof. Dr. Khan Mohammad Brohi

Prof. Dr. Khanji Harijan

Prof. Dr. Suhail A. Soomro

Prof. Dr. Shaheen Aziz

4

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

The ICC2013 organizing committee acknowledges the research contributions from the authors who presented and shared the recent

research work with the fellow researchers from all over the world.

Special gratitude to the keynote speaker from China, Turkey, Japan, USA, Bangladesh and Saudi Arabia who traveled all the ways and shared

knowledge and research.

The conference would not be possible without the cooperation of Higher

Education Commission, Pakistan Science Foundation, Sindh Engro Coal

Mining Company (GOLD sponsor) and Changhsa Kaiyuan Instruments

Co., Ltd. (CKIC), China (GOLD sponsor) for their generous cooperation

to meet the financial matters of the conference.

In the last, the conference chair appreciates the day and night efforts of

the organizing sub-committees conveners and members for their untiring

work since the announcement of the ICC2013.

5

SPONSOR PROFILE

Sindh Engro Coal Mining Company (GOLD SPONSORS) Thar Block II Coal Project Overview

The Thar coal field has total lignite

reserves of 175 Billion tons which can be utilized to produce 100,000 MW for over

200 years and could also replace the

imported coal currently being used by

Cement industry and Brick Kilns.

Sindh Engro Coal Mining Company (SECMC) was established in 2009 as a

Joint Venture between the Government of Sindh (GoS) and Engro Powergen

Limited (EPL). Company aims to develop a Coal Mining Project in Thar Block

II and utilize the large reserves of coal to spur economic and social development

in the region and bring energy security to the country.

Bankable Feasibility Study (BFS) for Thar Block II Coal Mining Project has been completed by internationally renowned Consultants such as RWE-

Germany, SRK-UK, Sinocoal-China in compliance with International Standards.

BFS confirmed that total lignite reserve in Thar Block II are 2 B tons with

exploitable reserve of 1.57 B tons which can support 5,000 MW for 50 years.

Moreover, it has also been confirmed that there are no significant or

unmanageable environmental threats and social implications associated with the

Coal Mining Project in Thar Block II. SECMC has obtained the NOC from

Sindh Environmental Protection Agency and Coal Reserves certification from

RWE Germany and project is ready to start.

The overall aim of the project is to ultimately generate electric power from the lignite resources in Thar. Our aim is to scale up mining operations to generate

up to 4,000 MW of electric power generation capacity and to meet the lignite

production and e coal demand of local industry. In the first phase, we plan to

develop Coal Mining & Power Projects with a capacity of 3.5 Mt/a & 600 MW

respectively. The target for Financial close of the project is June 2014 and the

project will be completed in 3.5 years.

6

SPONSOR PROFILE

Changhsa Kaiyuan Instruments Co., Ltd. (CKIC), China

(GOLD SPONSORS)

For more than 2 decades, CKIC

(China) offered equipment and

solutions (Coal Sampling, Sample

Preparation & Coal Analysis) have

been recognized by Coal Suppliers,

Coal Consumers and Commercial

Inspection Laboratories in over 35

countries around the world as the most

RELIABLE & Cost Effective

available solutions

OTHER MAJOR SPONSORS

Higher Education Commission, Islamabad

INSPIRE program under Higher Education Commission and

British Council, Pakistan

Pakistan Science Foundation, Islamabad

7

PREFACE

Coal is indeed the issue of national importance to address the energy

crises in Pakistan. The country is facing the worse energy crises of all

times. The energy crisis is because of multi dimensional issues that are

not only concerned with fuel used but also ever increasing cost of power

production. This is the high time to address the issue by utilizing

indigenous resources; lessen the dependence on the import of oil & gas

for sustainable energy supply. The energy crises is not only affecting the

industrial sector but also affecting the public in general.

Mehran University plays a vital role in research areas of national

importance. The faculty is actively engaged in coal research. Coal

mining, purification & up-gradation, coal gasification, emissions and

combustion residues are the areas of research work that are in progress at

Mehran UET. In addition, research work on simulation & modeling had

also been carried out using CFD & other modeling techniques.

Prototype gasifier that can produce Syngas were also designed and

fabricated to test run the gasification process on Thar Coal. Number of

equipment is also available to support the research work in the area of

coal.

One of the prominent research scholar, Prof. Dr. A. Ghani Pathan, who

spent his life on coal research also earned funding from British Council

& Higher Education Commission under INSPIRE program. Nottingham

University, UK, Tsinghuo University, China, Shenyang Aerospace

University, China, Hacettepe University, Turkey are the other partners

in the project.

The Mehran University is also working closely with Sindh University to

establish Research Group to jointly work on coal resources of Pakistan

as a prime responsibility as most of the coal reserves lies in the province

of sindh.

8

The Mehran UET had also hold pre Conference Symposium On Thar

Coal: Utilization Issues and Possible Solutions on July 9, 2013 through

video conference. The symposium attracted audience from all over

Pakistan. The participant from Sindh Coal Authority, Sindh Coal And

Energy Board, Geological Survey Of Pakistan, Lakhra Coal Power

Company in addition to prominent research scholars had contributed and

shared the knowledge.

In this context, the university had taken initiative to hold the

International Coal Conference (ICC2013), November 7-9, 2013 in

collaboration with Nottingham University, UK, Tsinghua University,

China, Shenyang Aerospace University, China, Hacettepe University,

Turkey and Sindh University, Jamshoro. Prominent, scholars from

Turkey, China, Japan, USA, UK and Saudi Arabia and from Pakistan had

presented their research work. In addition, policy makers, stake holder,

coal producers and coal based power plant experts are also invited and

participated in the mega event.

9

ORGANIZING COMMITTEE

Technical Committee/Panel of Experts

INTERNATIONAL NATIONAL

Dr. R.N.Singh, UK

Dr. Bahtiyar Unver,

Turkey

Dr. Yoichi Kodera, Japan

Mr. Zahoor Abbasi, USA

Dr. A.J. Chaudhary, UK

Dr. Zuo Jiane, China

Dr. Ahmed Hussain,

Saudi Arabia

Ms. Julia Lauder, UK

Dr. Wang Lijuin, China

Dr. Li Rung Dong, China

Prof. Dr. M. Aslam Uqaili, Mehran UET

Prof. Dr. Niaz Akhter, NTU, Faisalabad

Prof. Dr. Hafeez Ur Rehman Memon, Mehran UET

Prof. Dr. Mansoor Hamid Inayat, PIEAS, Islamabad

Prof. Dr. Sarfraz H. Solangi, Univ. of Sindh

Prof. Dr. A. Ghani Pathan, Mehran UET

Dr. Tayyab Javaid, PIEAS, Islamabad

Dr. Moinuddin Ghori, COMSATS, Lahore

Dr. Inayatullah Memon, NED University, Karachi

Prof. Dr. Suhail A. Soomro, Mehran UET

Prof. Dr. Shaheen Aziz, Mehran UET

Dr. Imdadullah Siddiqui Univ. of Sindh

Advisory Committee

Prof. Dr. M.Aslam Uqaili Conference Chair & Vice Chancellor

Prof. Dr. Hafeez Ur Rehman Memon Conference Co-Chair

10

Prof. Dr. Sarfraz H. Solangi Conference Co-Chair

Prof. Dr. Abdul Ghani Pathan Conference Co-Chair

Prof. Dr. B. S. Chowdhry

Prof. G. B. Khaskheli

Prof. Dr. Pir Roshan Shah Rashdi

Engr. Ghulam Sarwar Kandhir

Prof. Dr. Tauha Hussain Ali

Mr. Munir A. Shaikh

Steering Committee

Prof. Dr. M.Aslam Uqaili Conference Chair

Prof. Dr. Hafeez Ur Rehman Memon Conference Co-Chair

Prof. Dr. Sarfraz H. Solangi Conference Co-Chair

Prof. Dr. Suhail A. Soomro Conference Secretary

Dr. Imdadullah Siddiqui Conference Co-Secretary

Members

Prof. Dr. Mujeeb uddin Memon



Prof. Dr. Khan M. Brohi

Prof. Dr. Rasool Bux Mahar

Engr. Fahad Irfan Siddiqui

Engr. Sikander M.Almani

Funding Committee

Prof. Dr. M. Aslam Uqaili - Convener

Prof. Dr. Khan M. Brohi

Prof. Dr. Suhail A. Soomro

Mr. Munir A. Shaikh

Dr. Imdadullah Siddiqui

Mr. Fawad Lashari

Mr. Aftab Ansari

Mr. Lachman Das

11

Protocol and Registration Committee


Prof. Dr. Muhammad Ali Shah

Prof. Dr. Farman A. Shah Convener Prof. Dr. Shaheen Aziz

Dr. Noorullah Soomro

Engr. Ashfaque H. Pirzada

Engr. Muhammad Ali Memon

Engr. Ahsan Ali Memon

Engr. Aziza Aftab

Engr. Safiullah Memon

Engr. Munawar Ali Pinjaro

Engr. Zulfiqar Solangi

Ms. Murk Memon

Security Committee

Prof. Dr. Tauha Hussain Ali - Convener

Mr. Ghazi Parhiyar

Mr. Yameen Halepoto

Mr. Akram Ali Thebo

Printing and Publication

Prof. Dr. Suhail A. Soomro-Convener



Dr. A. Rehman Memon

Dr. Hasan Agheem



Boarding and Lodging Committee Dr. Zubair Memon - Convener


Dr. Noorullah Soomro

12

Engr. Ashfaque Pirzada

Engr. Zulfiqar Bhatti

Mr. Yameen Halepoto

Transport Committee

Prof. Dr. Hasan Ali Durani- Convener

Dr. Syed Feroz Shah

Mr. Ghulam Sarwar Siddiqui


Mr. Abdul Majeed

Engr. A. Qadeer Leghari

Food and Entertainment Committee

Prof. Dr. Khan M. Brohi- Convener

Dr. Syed Feroz Shah

Engr. Mohammad Yaqoob Behan

Engr. Sikandar Ali Memon

Engr. Zulfiqar Bhatti

Engr. Munawar Ali Pinjaro

Conference Hall & Stage Committee Prof. Dr. Suhail A. Soomro - Convener

Prof. Parwaiz Shakeel Pathan


Ms. Qurat ul Ain

Engr. Aziza Aftab

Engr. Habib ur Rehman Memon

Ms. Sahiba

Engr. Masroor Abro


Engr. Riaz Qazi

Engr. Ayesha Effandi

Engr. Zeenat M.Ali

Mir Shoukat Talpur

Mr. Samad Shaikh

13

PROGRAM

Time 7th November, 2013 DAY 01

MUET Auditorium

08.30am Registration of the Participants

09.00am Guest to be seated

INAUGURATION CEREMONY

09.25am Recitation from the Holy Quran

09.30am Overview of ICC 2013 & Welcome Address by Prof.Dr.Hafeez ur Rehman, Conference Co-Chairman

09.40am Keynote-1 Dr. Bahtiyar Unver Road Map of a Coal Mining

Project-From Exploration to Production

10.10am Sindh Engro Coal Mining Company Overview

10.25am Changhsa Kaiyuan Instruments Co., Ltd. (CKIC), China Company Overview

10.40am Address by Prof. Dr. M.Aslam Uqaili, Vice Chancellor Mehran UET , Jamshoro

10.45am Address by Prof. Dr. Nazir Ahmed Mughal, Vice Chancellor,

University of Sindh

10.50am Address by Chief Guest, Prof. Dr. Khalil Ahmed Ibupoto, Pakistan Science Foundation

10.55am Address by Guest of Honour

11.00am Vote of Thanks by Prof. Dr. Sarfraz Hussain Solangi

INAUGURATION OF COAL EXHIBITION

11:00-11:30

Tea break

TECHNICAL

SESSION I Coal Mining

Conference Chair Dr. Bahtiyar Unver

Conference Secretary Prof. Dr. Mohammad Ali Shah

11.30pm Keynote-1 Prof. Dr. Abdul Ghani Pathan

Thar Coal: A Cheap and Sustainable Energy Resource of Sindh for Pakistan

11.45pm Keynote-2 Dr.Mansoor M Khan

12.00pm Keynote-3 Dr. Farid Malik Reaching for Bulk Samples through Aquifers at Thar Coal Fields in Pakistan'

12:00pm Keynote-4 Dr. Ahmed Hussain Utilization of Low Grade Coals of Pakistan for Sustainable Energy Future

14

12.10pm CM-01 Asadullah Memon,Bilal Shams

Memon,Faisal Hussain

Memon, Hafeez-ur

Rahman, A.H Tunio

Challenges, Strategies and Risk Management during underground Coal Gasification

12.25pm CM-02 Faisal Karim Shaikh,Nafeesa Zaki,

B S Chowdhry

Wireless Sensor Network Applications for Coal Mines

12.40pm CM-03 Fahad Irfan Siddiqui,Abdul Ghani

Pathan, Bahtiyar

NVER

Integrated Openpit Mine Design at Thar Lignite Field

12:55pm CM-04 Farhad Ali Panhwar,Riaz

Ahmed,Waheed Ali

Panhwar

Coal Mine Safety Regulation in Sindh as compare to USA

01.10pm CM-05 Shah Murad Regulation of Occupational Health and Safety in the Pakistans Coal Mining Sector

01.20pm CM-06 Agha Shafi Mohammad, Abdul

Ghani Pathan, Fahad

Irfan Siddiqui

Probabilistic and FEM analysis of slope stability at Thar coal field

01:30-02.00pm

Lunch Break

TECHNICAL SESSION

II Coal Geology

Conference Chair Prof.Dr.M. Mansoor Khan

Conference Secretary Prof Dr. Sarfraz Hussain Solangi

02.00pm Keynote-1 Prof. Dr. Sarfraz Hussain Solangi

GIS Based CoalField

Assessment:A Case of Thar

CoalField of Pakistan

02.20am Keynote-2 Dr.Zahoor A. Abbasi

Understanding Thar Coal

02.40pm C-Geo-01 Asgher Ali- Daahar Hakro,Imdadullah

Siddique, Mashooque

Ali Warar

Bulk Mineralogy of the Coal bearing formation (Bara) from SB-24&S24 Boreholes, Thar Coalfield of Sindh Province.

02.55pm C-Geo-02 Imdadullah Siddiqui,Sarfraz

Hussain

Solangi,Mashoque Ali

Warar

Pore Volume,Pore Diameter and Surface Area of THAR,LAKHRA and meting

Coals of Sindh,Pakistan

TECHNICAL SESSION

III Coal Characterization & Up Gradation

Conference Chair Dr.Shah Zulfiqar Haider

Conference Secretary Mr.Gulzar Hussain Jhatial

15

03.10pm Keynote-1 Dr Yoichi KODERA

Gasification

TechnologyAdvances and Obstacles

03.30pm Keynote-2 Shah Zulfiqar Haider

Future of Coal -

International Perspective

03.50pm CCUP-01 Muddasar Habib,Amad Ullah

Khan, Shah Saud

Khan, Unsia Habib,

Jameel Ahmed,

Naveed ul

Hasan,Sultan Ali

Strenght Evaluation of Indiginiously Developed KPK Coal Briquettes.

04.05pm CCUP-02 Suhail A.Soomro, Anand Parkash, Shaheen Aziz,

Sikander M.Almani

Designing and Fabrication of Indigenous Mechanical Press for Preparation of Coal Briquettes

04.20pm CCUP-03 Amad Ullah Khan, M.Babar,Muddasar

Habib,Unsia Habib,

Jameel Ahmed,Naveed

ul Hasan,Sultan Ali

Evaluation of optimum composition of starch as a binding material for square

coal briquettes

04.40 Tea Break

TECHNICAL SESSION

IV Emission & their Control

Conference Chair Prof. Dr. Jiane Zuo

Conference Secretary Prof. Dr. Rasool Bux Mahar

04.35pm Keynote-1 Dr. Jiane Zuo Coal Mines Wastewater Characteristics and Their

Treatment and Disposal

Technologies in China

04.55pm Keynote-2 Dr.A.K.Ansari Environmental Assessment of THAR coal fields

05.35pm EC-01 Cyril Maqsood Khokhar, Rasool Bux

Mahar

Environmental Effect and Cost

Benefit Analysis (CBA) of

Washed & Un-washed Coal at

Lakhra Coal Power Plant

05.50pm EC-02 Razia begum,Toobahaq,

Suhail soomro ,Kamal

sheikh ,Aliabano, Naiz

ahmed

Physico chemical analysis of local coal at sindh and refrence to its use for different industries. A case study

06.05pm EC-03 Zeenat M.Ali,Shuaib M.Laghari,A.Jabbar

Laghari

Efficient use of burnt coal against industrial dye waters

16

06.20pm EC-04 Tasaddaq Younas,Saif Ur

Rehman,

Mian Tauseef

Raza,Azam Khan

Geochemistry Of Coal Seams In Patala Formation From Sohai River Gorge And Pail-Khushab Road Investigation

Of Environmental Impacts Of Sub-Bituminous Coals

06.35pm EC-05 Shuaib M.Laghari, Zeenat

M.Ali,,A.Jabbar

Laghari

Use of Combined flyash of Coal and Palm Fiber as adsorbent for treatment of dye waste water.

06.50pm EC-06 Mahboob Ali Kalhoro, Gulzar

Hussain Jhatial,

Santosh Kumar, Syed

Najam Ul Islam

Estimation of gross calorific value and C, H, N, O, S, and physical parameters

07.05pm EC-07 Zakiuddin Ahmed, Gulzar Hussain Jhatial,

Mateen Muhammad

Khan, Nadir Buksh

The control of sulphur, a

major pollutant and problem in the coal dynamics, for the better utilization of lakhra coal reserves present in pakistan.

TECHNICAL SESSION

V Coal General

Conference Chair Dr.Fareed Malik

Conference Secretary Dr.Mujeeb uddin Memon

07.20pm CG-01 Anwar Ali Shah G.Syed,

Faiz.M.Shaikh

Energy Crisis in Pakistan and Thar Coal is Untapped Wealth and Solution

07.30pm CG-02 Muhammad Nawaz Tunio,Pir Irfan Shah

Rashdi,Qazi

Moinuddin Abro

Real status of coal in Sindh and local and world priorities to avail

08.00 Conference Dinner ( Only by Invitation )


MUET Auditorium

Conference Chair Dr Yoichi KODERA

Conference Secretary Dr.Hafeez ur Rehman Memon

08.30am Keynote-1 Prof. Dr. Mohammad Aslam

Uqaili

Energy Crises in Pakistan:

Consequences and Solutions

09.00am Keynote-2 Prof. Dr. Shaheen Aziz

Critical Study of Clean Coal

Technology in FBC Power

Plant at Khanote

17

9.15 am Keynote-3 Shah Zulfiqar Haider

Clean Coal- Solution to

Global Warming

9.30 am Keynote-4 Dr. Mohammad Afzal Ghouri

Status of Coal

Biotechnology in Pakistan

TECHNICAL SESSION IV

Coal Utilization & Clean Coal Technology

09.40am CUCCT-01 Mohammad Younas Chemical Looping Combustion (CLC) based power production from syn gas with inherent CO2 capture: Profile study of a lab scale packed bed reactor

09:55am CUCCT-02 Imran Nazir Unar,Lijun Wang,

Abdul Ghani Pathan,

Rasool Bux Mehar,

Rundong Li, M. Aslam

Uqaili

Study the Coal/Oxidant Distribution Effects in a Two-stage Dry-Feed Coal Gasifier with Numerical Simulations

10.10pm CUCCT-03 Fahim Uddin, Inayatullah Memon

,Syed Ali Ammar

Taqvi

Mitigating Energy Crisis by Coal Gasification using Steam - Sensitivity Analysis using Aspen-Plus Simulation

10:25am CUCCT-04 Shaheen Aziz, Sikander M.Almani,

Wali-ur-

Rehman,Suhail.

A.Soomro,Abdul

Jabbar Abbasi

Potential of Di-Methyl Ether (DME) from Indigenous Coal

by Gasification_ As a substitute of Diesel and LPG

10.40am CUCCT-05 Ashfaque H.Pirzada,Khurrum

Nawaz, F. A Shah,

Aziza Aftab,Ayesha

Kousar

Case Study Of Underground

Coal Gasification

10.50am CUCCT-06 Abdul Malik Memon Utilization of Indigenous Coal

11:00-11:30 Tea break

Conference Chair Dr Zahoor A.Abbasi

Conference Secretary Dr.Khanji Harijan

11.30am CUCCT-06 Shaheen Aziz,Abdul Rehman Memon,

Hafeez Ur Rahman

Memon, Suhail

Ahmad

Soomro,Yaseen

Shaikh

Stoichiometric Optimization of Process Efficiency of Coal Combustion Together with

Limestone during Fluidized Bed Combustion

18

11.45am CUCCT-07 Javaid Iqbal Large Eddy Simulation Of Turbulence Inside A Co Fired Combustor

12.00noon CUCCT-08 Shaheen Aziz, Suhail. A.Soomro, Ambreen

Shaikh, Ashique A.

Laghari, G.M.Mahar

Production of Syn Gas From Thar Coal By Gasification Process Through Fixed Bed Gasifier

12.15pm CUCCT-09 Mian Tauseef Raza,Azam

Khan,Tasaddaq

Younas

Unique Approaches, Tools and Lessons Learnt in

Development of Coalbed Methane

12.30pm CUCCT-10 Muhammad Noman Khan

Enhanced Gas Recovery and CO2 Storage in Coalbed-Methane Reservoirs: Optimized Injected-Gas Composition for Mature

Basins of Various Coal Rank

12.45pm CUCCT-11 Suhail A. Soomro, Hafeez ur Rahman

Memon, Abdul Sattar

Jatoi,Shaheen

Aziz,Sikander

M.Almani

Effect of Coal and Biomass Ratio on Calorific Value And Their Emissions Through Co Combustion- A Review Paper

01.00pm CUCCT-12 Syed Ali Ammar Taqvi, Fahim Uddin,

Inayatullah Memon

To Study the Behavior of Gasifier and Simulation of Coal Gasification Using Steam Using Aspen-Plus Model (Geometric Analysis)

01.15-02.30

LUNCH & FRIDAY PRAYER

Conference Chair Dr. Abdul Ghani Pathan

Conference Secretary Dr. Mohammad Afzal Ghouri

02.30pm CUCCT-13 Izhar Mithal Jiskani, Waqar A.Qazi,

Mohammad Yakoob

Behan and Fahad Irfan

Siddiqui

Blending of Local and Imported Coal for Cement Industries

02.45pm CUCCT-14 Rashid Abro Thar coal utilization for production of coal tar

03.00pm CUCCT-15 Salman khanzada, Imran Nazir, Masroor

Abro, Talha khan

Niazi,Awais Aftab

,Furqan khan

Study of coal combustion characteristics using Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD)

03.15pm CUCCT-16 M.H.Jokhio,Suhail Soomro,Aslam

Uquali,M.M Baloch,

M.I.Abro

Utilization of THAR coal for iron and steel industries

19

03.30pm CUCCT-17 Sikander M.Almani, Zulfiqar Bhatti,

Zulfiqar

A.Solangi,Tahir Nabi

kalhoro,Mukhtiar

A.Mirani,Babar Ali

Magsi

A review Paper on CHEMICAL-LOOPING COMBUSTION (CLC) FOR THAR COAL A glance to future.

03.45pm CUCCT-18 Saqib Nawaz Talpur, Suhail. A. Soomro,

Salman

Talpur,Shaheen Aziz,

Sikander M.Almani

Demineralization & Desulfurization Of Lignite Coal By Acid Leaching To Increase The Calorific Value and reduction in SOx emissions For Power Generation

04.00pm CUCCT-19 Santosh Kumar, Gulzar Hussain Jhatial,

Anila Sarwar and Syed

Kabir Shah

Conversion of Indigenous Coal

into Substitute of Natural Gas and

Petroleum Products By non-

conventional Technology:

Underground coal gasification

CONCLUDING CEREMONY

04.15pm Guest to be seated

04.20pm Recitation from the Holy Quran

04.25pm Welcome Address

04.35pm Conference Report & Recommendations

04.45pm ICC 2013 Concluding Remarks

05.00pm Address by Prof.Dr M.Aslam Uqaili,Vice Chancellor Mehran UET

05.10pm Address by Chief Guest, Mr. Ejaz Ahmed Khan, Secretary, Energy & Coal Department Govt. of Sindh

05.15pm Address by Guest of Honour, Prof. Dr. Nazir Mughal

05.20pm Vote of Thanks

REFRESHMENT


Only for Registered Participants for field visit

08.00am Departure from Mehran UET, Auditorium

10.30am Arrival at Ranikot Fort

Visit of Ranikot

01.30pm Departure from Ranikot Fort

04.00pm Arrival at Mehran UET.

20

Table of Contents EDITORIAL BOARD .......................................................................... 1

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS .................................................................. 4

SPONSOR PROFILE ....................................................................... 5

PREFACE ............................................................................................ 7

ORGANIZING COMMITTEE ............................................................. 9

ABSTRACTS ....................................................................................27

THEME 1: .........................................................................................28

COAL MINING .................................................................................28

Road Map of a Coal Mining Project From Exploration to Production 29

Dr. Bahtiyar NVER ...........................................................................29

Thar Coal: A Cheap and Sustainable Energy Resource of Sindh for

Pakistan ...............................................................................................30

Dr. Abdul Ghani Pathan .......................................................................30

Challenges, Strategies And Risk Management During Underground Coal

Gasification .........................................................................................31

Asadullah Memon1, Bilal Shams Memon

1, Faisal Hussain Memon

1,

Hafeez-ur-Rahman2, Abdul Haque Tunio .............................................31

Wireless Sensor Network Applications for Coal Mines ........................32

Faisal Karim Shaikh, Nafeesa Zaki, Bhawani Shankar Chowdhry ........32

Integrated Openpit Mine Design at Thar Lignite Field: A Proposed Study

............................................................................................................33

Fahad Irfan Siddiqui1, Abdul Ghani Pathan

1 and Bahtiyar NVER

2 .....33

21

Farhad Ali Panhwar1, Riaz Ahmed

1 and Waheed Ali Panhwar

2 ............34

Regulation of Occupational Health and Safety in the Pakistans Coal

Mining Sector ......................................................................................35

Shah Murad .........................................................................................35

THEME 2: .........................................................................................36

COAL GEOLOGY ............................................................................36

GIS Based Coalfield Assessment: A Case Study of Thar Coalfield of

Pakistan ...............................................................................................37

Sarfraz Hussain Solangi*, Imdadullah Siddiqui*, Imdad Ali Brohi*,

Abdul Salam Soomro**, and Agha Asadullah* ....................................37

Understanding Thar Coal .....................................................................40

Zahoor A. Abbasi.................................................................................40

Bulk Mineralogy Of The Coal Bearing Formation (Bara) From SB-24 &

ST-24 Boreholes, Thar Coalfield Of Sindh Province ............................41

Asgher Ali- Daahar Hakro, Imdadullah Siddiqui and Mashooque Ali

Warar...................................................................................................41

Pore Volume, Pore Diameter And Surface Area Of Thar, Lakhra And

Meting Coals Of Sindh, Pakistan ..........................................................42

Imdadullah Siddiqui, Sarfraz Hussain Solangi and Mashoque Ali Warar

............................................................................................................42

THEME 3: .........................................................................................45

COAL CHARACTERIZATION AND UPGRADATION .............45

Gasification Technology - Advances and Obstacles ..............................46

Yoichi Kodera .....................................................................................46

Future of Coal - International Perspective.............................................49

Shah Zulfiqar Haider ............................................................................49

Strength Evaluation of Indigenously Developed KPK Coal Briquettes ..51

22

Muddasar Habib1, Amad Ullah Khan

1, Shah Saud Khan

2, Unsia Habib

1,

Jameel Ahmed1, Naveed ul Hasan

1, and Sultan Ali

1. .............................51

Designing and Fabrication of Indigenous Mechanical Press for

Preparation Of Coal Briquettes .............................................................52

Suhail A.Soomro, Anand Parkash, Shaheen Aziz, Sikander M.Almani .52

Evaluation of Optimum Composition of Starch as a Binding Material for

Square Coal Briquettes .........................................................................53

Amad Ullah Khan, Muhammad Babar, Muddasar Habib, Unsia Habib,

Jameel Ahmed, Naveed ul Hasan, and Sultan Ali .................................53

THEME 4: EMISSION AND THEIR CONTROL .............54

Jiane Zuo, Jian Zhao, Lili Gan and Dongbei Yue .................................55

Environmental Assessment of Thar Coal fields ....................................56

A.K Ansari, M.A.Shishmahal, Mariam Mangi, .....................................56

Environmental Effect and Cost Benefit Analysis (CBA) Of Washed &

Un-Washed Coal at Lakhra Coal Power Plant ......................................57

Cyril Maqsood Khokhar1 and Rasool Bux Mahar

2 ................................57

Physico Chemical Analysis of Local Coal at Sindh and Reference to Its

Use for Different Industries: A Case Study ...........................................58

1Raziabegum,

1Toobahaq,

2Suhail A. Soomro ,

1Kamal Sheikh ,

1Aliabano and

1Naiz Ahmed .................................................................58

Efficient Use of Burnt Coal against Industrial Dye Waters ...................58

Zeenat M.Ali1, Shuaib M. Laghari

2 and A. Jabbar Laghari

3 ..................58

Geochemistry of Coal Seams in Patala Formation from Sohai River

Gorge and Pail-Khushab Road, Pakistan: Investigation of Environmental

Impacts of Sub-Bituminous Coals ........................................................60

Tasaddaq Younas1, Saif Ur Rehman

1, Mian Tauseef Raza

2, Azam Khan

2

............................................................................................................60

23

Use of Combined Fly Ash of Coal and Palm-Fiber as Adsorbent For

Treatment of Dye Wastewaters ............................................................61

Shuaib M. Laghari1, Zeenat M. Ali

2 and A. Jabbar Laghari

3 .................61

Estimation of gross calorific value and C, H, N, O, S, and physical

parameters ...........................................................................................62

Mahboob Ali Kalhoro, Gulzar Hussain Jhatial, Santosh Kumar and Syed

Najam Ul Islam ....................................................................................62

The Control of Sulphur, a Major Pollutant and Problem in the Coal

Dynamics, For the Better Utilization of Lakhra Coal Reserves Present In

Pakistan ...............................................................................................63

Zakiuddin Ahmed, Gulzar Hussain Jhatial, Mateen Muhammad Khan

and Nadir Buksh ..................................................................................63

THEME 5: .........................................................................................64

COAL GENERAL .............................................................................64

Energy Crisis in Pakistan and Thar Coal is Untapped Wealth and

Solution ...............................................................................................65

Anwar Ali Shah G.Syed1 and Faiz.M.Shaikh

2.......................................65

Real Status of Coal in Sindh and Local and World Priorities to Avail ...66

Muhammad Nawaz Tunio, Pir Irfan Shah Rashdi, Qazi Moinuddin Abro

............................................................................................................66

THEME 6: .........................................................................................67

COAL UTLIZATION AND CLEAN COAL TECHNOLOGY ......67

Critical Study of Clean Coal Technology in FBC Power Plant at

Khanote ...............................................................................................68

Dr. Shaheen Aziz .................................................................................68

Clean Coal Solution to Global Warming............................................69

Shah Zulfiqar Haider ............................................................................69

24

Status of Coal Biotechnology in Pakistan .............................................71

Ghauri, M. A., Akhtar, N., Haider, R., Akhtar, K..................................71

Chemical Looping Combustion (CLC) Based Power Production from

Syn Gas With Inherent CO2 Capture: Profile Study of a Lab Scale

Packed Bed Reactor .............................................................................73

Dr. Mohammad Younas .......................................................................73

Study the Coal/Oxidant Distribution Effects in a Two-stage Dry-Feed

Coal Gasifier with Numerical Simulations............................................75

Imran Nazir Unar1, Lijun Wang

2, Abdul Ghani Pathan

3, Rasool Bux

Mehar4, Rundong Li

2, M. Aslam Uqaili

5 ..............................................75

Mitigating Energy Crisis by Coal Gasification using Steam - Sensitivity

Analysis using Aspen-Plus Simulation ..............................................76

Fahim Uddin, Inayatullah Memon and Syed Ali Ammar Taqvi ............76

Potential of Di-Methyl Ether (DME) from Indigenous Coal by

Gasification -As a Substitute of Diesel and LPG...................................77

Shaheen Aziz1, Sikander M.Almani

1, Wali-ur-Rehman

2, Suhail.

A.Soomro1, Abdul Jabbar Abbasi

1 ........................................................77

Case Study of Underground Coal Gasification......................................78

Ashfaque H.Pirzada, Khurrum Nawaz, Farman Ali Shah, ....................78

Aziza Aftab,Ayesha Kousar .................................................................78

Stoichiometric Optimization Of Process Efficiency Of Coal Combustion

Together With Limestone During Fluidized Bed Combustion ...............79

Shaheen Aziz, Abdul Rehman Memon, Hafeez Ur Rahman Memon,

Suhail A. Soomro and Yaseen Shaikh .................................................79

Large Eddy Simulation of Turbulence inside a Co Fired Combustor .....80

Javaid Iqbal .........................................................................................80

25

Production of Syn Gas from Thar Coal by Gasification Process Through

Fixed Bed Gasifier ...............................................................................81

Shaheen Aziz, Suhail. A.Soomro, Ambreen Shaikh, Ashique A. Laghari

and G.M.Mahar....................................................................................81

Unique Approaches, Tools and Lessons Learnt In Development of Coal

Bed Methane........................................................................................82

Mian Tauseef Raza1, Azam Khan

1, Tasaddaq Younas

2 .........................82

Enhanced Gas Recovery and CO2 Storage in Coal bed-Methane

Reservoirs: Optimized Injected-Gas Composition for Mature Basins of

Various Coal Rank ...............................................................................84

Muhammad Noman Khan ....................................................................84

Effect of Coal and Biomass Ratio n Calorific Value and Their Emissions

Through Co Combustion- A Review Paper ...........................................86

Suhail A. Soomro1, Hafeez ur Rahman Memon

2, Abdul Sattar Jatoi

1,

Shaheen Aziz1, and Sikander M.Almani

1 ..............................................86

To Study the Behavior of Gasifier and Simulation of Coal Gasification

Using Steam Using Aspen-Plus Model (Geometric Analysis) ............87

Syed Ali Ammar Taqvi, Inaytullah Memon and Fahim Uddin ..............87

Blending of Local and Imported Coal for Cement Industries ................88

Waqar A. Qazi, Izhar Mithal Jiskani, Mohammad Yakoob Behan and

Fahad Irfan Siddiqui ............................................................................88

Thar Coal Utilization for Production of Coal Tar ..................................89

Rashid Abro .........................................................................................89

Study of Coal Combustion Characteristics Using Computational Fluid

Dynamics (CFD) ..................................................................................90

Salman Khanzada, Imran Nazir, Masroor Abro, Talha khan Niazi,

Awais Aftab, Furqan khan....................................................................90

Utilization of Thar Coal for Iron and Steel Industries ...........................91

26

Mohammad Hayat Jokhio1, Suhail Soomro

2, M. Aslam Uquali

3, M.M

Baloch1 and M.I.Abro

1 .........................................................................91

A review Paper on Chemical-Looping Combustion (CLC) for Thar

Coal: A glance to future .....................................................................92

Sikander M.Almani, Zulfiqar A. Solangi, Zulfiqar A. Bhatti, Tahir Nabi

kalhoro, Mukhtiar A.Mirani, Babar Ali Magsi ......................................92

Demineralization & Desulfurization of Lignite Coal by Acid Leaching to

Increase the Calorific Value and Reduction in SOx Emissions for Power

Generation ...........................................................................................94

Suhail. A. Soomro, Saqib Nawaz Talpur, and Shaheen Aziz .................94

Conversion of Indigenous Coal Into Substitute Of Natural Gas And

Petroleum Products By Non-Conventional Technology: Underground

Coal Gasification .................................................................................95

Santosh Kumar, Gulzar Hussain Jhatial, Anila Sarwar and Syed Kabir

Shah ....................................................................................................95

Utilization of Indigenous Coal .............................................................96

Engr. Abdul Malik Memon ..................................................................96

27

ABSTRACTS

28

THEME 1:

COAL MINING

1st International Coal Conference (ICC2013) 7

th 9th November, 2013

29

Road Map of a Coal Mining Project From Exploration to

Production

Dr. Bahtiyar NVER

Department of Mining, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey

There seems to be no viable alternative to coal for energy production in

the near future. In contrary to general belief, production of electricity

from coal can be environmentally friendly provided that necessary precautions are taken properly. Wind and solar energy are expensive and

discontinuous. Hydraulic energy can be an efficient source of electricity

production if coupled with an irrigation project. However, it changes

ecological condition of the region which is established for millions of years. Hydraulic energy is also a discontinuous source of energy. If there

is no enough water, electricity production may be halted. For base

electricity production, other alternatives such as natural gas, petrol and nuclear cannot possible compete with coal in terms of cost of electricity

produced. Therefore, if a country has enough coal resources to produce

electricity, theyd better make use of it properly. Because, to maintain development enough and affordable electrical energy is a must.

This keynote paper will presents the stages of a coal resource

development project from exploration to energy production. A special emphasis will be given to Thar coal field. Project alternatives mainly on

the production strategies will be discussed. Surface and underground

alternatives will be critically compared. Thar coal field is very large. At some locations stripping ratio is high that makes the surface mining

impossible. Therefore, underground mining possibility will be examined

both in terms of technical and capital and operational cost.

Keywords: Thar coal, surface mining, stripping ratio, longwall mining



30

Thar Coal: A Cheap and Sustainable Energy Resource of

Sindh for Pakistan

Dr. Abdul Ghani Pathan

Department of Mining, Mehran University of Engineering and Technology,

Jamshoro

Pakistan possesses the seventh largest lignite resource in the world with 193 billion tonnes of lignite/coal reserves mainly concentrated in Thar

region in the eastern part of Sindh Province. Practically all coal rich

nations, regardless of their stage of economic development, have made appropriate use of indigenous coal resources to support their electricity

generation sector. For a nation whose identified resources of coal could

support, without doubt, its electricity needs for centuries, Pakistans massive reliance on imported oil for electricity production should be viewed as an anomaly. Development of Thar coal has been a dream of

the people of Pakistan since its discovery. Many efforts, made so far by

Pakistan has not yielded any concrete result due to multifarious reasons, including technical, financial, geo-political and security

This paper encompasses various engineering aspects including resource evaluation, coal mining methods, design alternatives, ground water

management and power generation at Thar lignite filed. According to the

findings of current research, both underground and surface mining

methods are suitable for Thar coal field based on the vertical stripping ratio. The surface mining method is feasible for only 46% of the deposit

whereas the underground mining method (longwall mining method) is

suitable for 54% of the entire Thar deposit. The technical and engineering comparison of surface and underground mining is presented.

It is concluded that the development of surface mine at Thar requires

USD 1114 million for 6.5 million ton capacity mine whereas an underground mine with capacity of 3 million ton only requires USD 200

million. It is recommended that initially an underground mine may be

developed at Thar with development period of 3 years and requires less

capital cost as compared to opencast mining.

Keywords: Thar coal, surface mining, stripping ratio, longwall mining



31

Challenges, Strategies And Risk Management During

Underground Coal Gasification

Asadullah Memon

1, Bilal Shams Memon

1, Faisal Hussain Memon

1, Hafeez-

ur-Rahman2, Abdul Haque Tunio

1Lecturer, Department of Petroleum and Natural Gas Engineering, Mehran

UET SZAB Khairpur 2Professor, Institute of Petroleum and Natural Gas Engineering, Mehran UET

Jamshoro

Advancement in developing activities in coal mining has attempted to

enhance recoveries since last two decades. Basically, underground Coal Gasification (UCG) converts coal to valuable gases and these gases are

an alternative to natural gas and potentially offer cost effective and

environmental friendly methods by eliminating coal mining, transport

and solid waste generated.

During UCG process, coal decomposes and generates four valuable

products like CO2, H2, CO and CH4. CO2 emissions and storage is one of the most important challenges now days being faced as CO2

emissions cause global warming and ocean oxidization. Mitigation of

these emissions by converting low value fuel (CO2, H2 and CO) into a

Synthesis Gas and it can be used to produce power, hydrogen and basic chemical like Methanol and Ammonia. Alternatively, Sequestration of

CO2 in un-mineable coal seams is an important strategy for the

mitigation of global warming, greenhouse gas effect and anthropogenic hazards.

This research study covers the effective and efficient methodology by utilization of all underground product gases which may results reducing

emissions, protect environment and to produce Power, Hydrogen and

Basic Chemical.

Keywords: Coal Bed Methane, CO2 emissions, Coal Gasification, CO2

Sequestration



32

Wireless Sensor Network Applications for Coal Mines

Faisal Karim Shaikh, Nafeesa Zaki, Bhawani Shankar Chowdhry Mehran University of Engineering and Technology, Jamshoro

With the availability of cheap hardware and the standardization of

wireless communication standards, wireless sensor networks (WSNs) are

reality now. This is evident from the increasing amount of research being done in the area of WSN, and the growing number of off the shelf WSN

solutions. Accordingly, the WSN are utilized in diverse application

domains. Possible applications of WSN are of interest to the most diverse fields. Environmental monitoring, warfare, child education, surveillance,

micro-surgery, agriculture, and coal mines are only a few examples.

In coal mines the wired network can be effective in many parts of the

mine due to its reliability and high data rates. However, it has

disadvantages for certain places due to complex topographic features and

equipment layout, such as the face and the goaf of the coal mine. Limited by the complex underground conditions, WSN are more suitable for data

transmission in coal mines.

In this regard, we realize that there is a great need for an unambiguous

classification of WSN applications for Coal mines. Such a classification

scheme would benefit the WSN research and coal mining community. We consider the spectrum of applications ranging from static WSN to the

heterogeneous applications for the classification. The classification

scheme is based on functionality of the application. The application

attributes are grouped into five broad categories: communication standards, scalability, energy efficiency, sensing capabilities, and other features. Each of these is further classified to provide sufficient details that are required for a typical Coal mine WSN application.

Keywords: WSN, coal mines, communication



33

Integrated Openpit Mine Design at Thar Lignite Field: A

Proposed Study

Fahad Irfan Siddiqui1, Abdul Ghani Pathan

1 and Bahtiyar NVER

2 1Department of Mining, Mehran University of Engineering & Technology,

Jamshoro, Pakistan 2Department of Mining, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey

The current research work is an endeavor to conduct an integrated mine

design practice at Thar lignite field, Pakistan. Being an energy-deficient

country, Pakistan must have to develop and exploit the indigenous and sustainable energy sources to fulfill its exponentially increasing energy

needs. The indigenous coal reserves of Pakistan can play an important

role to eradicate current energy crisis. Thar lignite field (the largest coal

reserves of Pakistan, approximately 175.506 billion tons) is still unexploited due to various technical, economical, and geo-political

reasons. In this regard, a PhD research project has been envisaged to

facilitate the exploitation of Thar lignite reserves through an indigenous research.

This research work will include collection of geological data from

existing boreholes in various exploration blocks of Thar, literature review on basic geostatistics, geostatistical estimations and simulation,

block modeling techniques, ultimate pit limits algorithms, pit

optimization techniques, conduct of geostatistical estimation and simulation for quantity and quality parameters of Thar lignite, pit and

waste dump design.

It is hoped that this research work will provide comprehensive solution

to the problems of Thar lignite field. The outcomes of the research will

furnish reliable insitu lignite reserve estimates with quantified

uncertainty; quality attributes maps for identification of favorable areas for economical and productive exploitation and various mining scenarios

or alternatives for exploitation of Thar lignite.

Keywords: Thar coal, pit limits, pit optimization, SURPAC, geostatistics,

block models



34

Coal Mine Safety Regulation in Sindh as Compare to USA

Farhad Ali Panhwar

1, Riaz Ahmed

1 and Waheed Ali Panhwar

2 1Mehran University of Engineering and Science and Technology, Jamshoro

2University of Sindh Jamshoro

USA and Sindh (Pakistan) are the worlds largest producers and consumers of coal. Production of the coal is inherently risky. Its fatalities

are unavoidable in the large coal economic point of view. Sindh (Pakistan) has developed complex system of law to regulate the coal

mine safety.

Inspite of similarities between the separate systems of mining law, the Sindh significantly trails the USA in terms of coal mine safety. Instead of

large disparity in economic development, it may be inappropriate to

compare USA and Sindh. However, the Sindh mine safety record is significantly worse than that of other large producers who are similarly

underdeveloped. It appears that the Pakistan (Sindh) has failed to

effectively implement its mining safety laws. Several arguments have been made as to the cause of this failure, including lack of judicial

review of agency actions, lack of Meaningful trade unions, government

corruption and geographical difficulties of controlling rural mines with a

central government. Present study explores similarities and differences between the coal economies of the Sindh (Pakistan) and USA, and

introduces some of the arguments used to explain the gap in safety.

Keywords: Sindh, safety, labour, mining, mine law



35

Regulation of Occupational Health and Safety in the

Pakistans Coal Mining Sector

Shah Murad

Department of Law, Federal Urdu University of Arts, Science and Technology,

Karachi.

Coal mining has played a dominant role in the socio-economic

development, employment generation and sustainable development

globally. Coal accounted the largest energy source for electricity production in the world. Pakistan has also been endowed with

immense untapped coal reservoirs. Now Pakistan is increasingly looking

towards foreign investment in the mining sector to cope with ongoing energy crisis in the country. Although application of modern technology

has improved safety in the mining sector but fatal accidents in the mines

are consistently increasing due to hazardous gas explosions and lack of

preventive measures. Pakistani coal mines are considered among the world deadliest and claim several lives every year. However, at present,

there is no law in Pakistan to regulate the occupational health and safety

needs of miners. Mining often involves potential hazardous, accordingly the International Labor Organization (ILO) adopted Safety and Health in

Mines Convention, 1995 (No. 176) and its accompanying

Recommendation No.183, which set out a guideline for bringing about improvement in the working conditions of miners. In order to promote

decent work in the mining sector, government should devise adequate

legislative framework in conformity with the ILOs Conventions for the occupational health and safety of miners. This paper addresses deficiencies in the existing legal system of Pakistan in the context of

regulating the occupational health and safety in the mining industry and

proposes possible solutions.

Keywords: Occupational Health & Safety, Coal Mining, ILO, Legal

Regime



36

THEME 2:

COAL GEOLOGY



37

GIS Based Coalfield Assessment: A Case Study of Thar

Coalfield of Pakistan

Sarfraz Hussain Solangi*, Imdadullah Siddiqui*, Imdad Ali Brohi*, Abdul

Salam Soomro**, and Agha Asadullah* * Centre for Pure and Applied Geology, University of Sindh, Jamshoro,

Pakistan

** Department of Industrial Engineering and Management, Mehran

University of Engineering and Technology,

Jamshoro, Pakistan

This paper develops a Geographic Information System (GIS) based

geodatabase for improved assessment of Thar coalfield of Pakistan (Fig. 1). Based on the existing data the GIS database in the form of spatial

maps and tables provide effective means of data analysis, quantitative

resource assessment and effective management. A number of reports

published by the United States Geological Survey (USGS) and Geological Survey of Pakistan (GSP) summarize the results of Thar coal

exploration surveys carried out since 1992. Fassett and Durrani (1994)

first time produced a report about the occurrence, quantity, and quality of Thar coal and designated the Thar coalfield as the eleventh largest coal

resource of world. Initial efforts of USGS and GSP include drilling of

total 38 exploratory boreholes from 1992 to 1994. Since then 12 blocks ranging in size from 63 to 122 square km each (Fig. 2) within Thar

coalfield were thoroughly explored by boreholes drilled at 1 to 2 km

interval in order to gain in depth knowledge about the quality as well as

measured, indicated and inferred coal resources of each Block. Thus there exist two types of analysis results. One are those of Fassett and

Durrani (1994) for the whole Thar coalfield produced on the basis of

borehole data obtained at an interval of 22km over an area of about 5000 sq. Km. The other results are those produced by high resolution drilling

data obtained from 12 blocks (Sindh Coal Authority reports) (Fig. 3).



38

Fig. 1. Location map of Thar coalfield

Fig. 2. Isopach map of cumulative coal seam thickness in Thar coalfield (modified after Fassett and Durrani, 1994) and location of 12 blocks



39

Fig. 3.Isopach map of cumulative coal thickness of Block VIII (from Sindh coal Authority report)

Based on the above results, satellite images, and high resolution ASTER

DEM data two separate geodatabases have been created for each of the above analysis results. The geodatabases include shapefiles/layers and

data tables of borehole locations, data summary, isopach maps of

cumulative coal thickness, overburden and thickest bench of coal seam, structure contour map, coal quality maps and coal resource estimate

tables. Various geological, geographical, and physiographic features

within the coalfield surroundings have also been compiled as shapefiles.

The integration of two geodatabases allowed to produce GIS based

refined isopach maps, 3D coal seam overlays, 3D terrain analysis maps,

and other coal characterization maps for whole Thar coalfield. The calculation of coal resources based on modified isopach map using GIS

software has produced new resource estimates for Thar coalfield. The

GIS based comprehensive geodatabase facilitates quick, reliable, and improved resource assessment which can be helpful in decision making

for the development of coalfield and other issues related to land use,

resettlement plan, and environment.



40

Understanding Thar Coal

Zahoor A. Abbasi

Delta Engineering Tetra Tech Group San Diego, California USA

Much has been talked about Thar Coal. Provincial and Federal

Governments have fought over its ownership, created numerous

organizations along the way without a clear vision. Lack of strategic policy guidelines has resulted in a series of very costly ad-hoc decisions

in the past 20 years. Current energy crises has created a renewed interest

for including Thar Coal in the energy mix, especially due to declining natural gas production and the skyrocketing imported Oil prices.

Govt. of Sindhs efforts for Development of Thar Coal have included creating a Private/Public sector partnership with Engro, signing MOUs with various investors and massively funding the experimental and

dangerously destructive technology of underground Coal Gasification

(UCG) which has the potential to endanger the entire Thar coal resource. These efforts by the GOS, however well intentioned, have not worked

due to lack of professional capacity within the system for understanding

the fundamentals associated with a project of this kind and scope.

Past few years have seen a flurry of activity, tall claims of energy

production have been made by all and sundry, However after spending billions we are no closer to creating energy from Thar Coal today than

we were 20 years ago, we may even be a few steps behind due to

confusion created by numerous ad hoc, counterproductive and

contradictory decisions which are costing the nation both ways.

Thar coal has become a bonanza for consultants, contractors and

opportunists who are clearly controlling the agenda. Due to energy shortage in Pakistan the economy is suffering and there is social unrest.

Thar Coal obviously holds the key; it is the most viable and the cheapest

source of thermal energy in Pakistan at $2 per Mmbtu (Million British

Thermal Units), compared with Furnace Oil @ over $20 per Mmbtu.

Keywords: Thar coal, energy, consultancy, Sindh government



41

Bulk Mineralogy Of The Coal Bearing Formation (Bara) From

SB-24 & ST-24 Boreholes, Thar Coalfield Of Sindh Province

Asgher Ali- Daahar Hakro, Imdadullah Siddiqui and Mashooque Ali

Warar

Centre for Pure and Applied Geology, University of Sindh, Jamshoro, Pakistan

The rock samples from Thar coalfield of Sindh, Pakistan, have been

investigated for the mineral composition, and environments of the

deposition. Quartz, Kaolinite, Chlorite, K-and feldspar show their presence under Scanning Electronic Microscopic study. Quartz and

kaolinite were major minerals, and muscovite showed as minor mineral

under the X-ray diffraction analyses. These minerals are indicated that they were transported by denudation agents from the area where Igneous

and Metamorphic rocks exposures were exposed.

Keywords: Quartz (low), Bulk mineralogy, Thar coal field, XRD



42

Pore Volume, Pore Diameter And Surface Area Of Thar,

Lakhra And Meting Coals Of Sindh, Pakistan

Imdadullah Siddiqui, Sarfraz Hussain Solangi and Mashoque Ali Warar

Centre for Pure and Applied Geology, University of Sindh, Jamshoro, Pakistan

The coal is a porous material with wide range of pore size including

macro-, meso- and micro- porous systems. The porosity plays important role in extraction of methane from coal seams, gasification and

liquification. The pore volume distribution may be used to predict the gas

adsorption capacity of coal. The primary mechanism of gas retention in

coal beds is adsorption on internal surface area, which is in general function of micropore volume. In lower Indus basin (Sindh province)

four major coalfields are found, named as (1) Thar (2) Lakhra (in

Jamshoro district) (3) Meting-Jhimpir (4) Sonda (both in Thatta district). These coal deposits occur in the Bara Formation (Middle Palaeocene)

and in the Sohnari Member of the Early Eocene Laki Formation. Thar

coalfield is the largest coalfield of Pakistan and is located on the Indus

Platform in Thar Desert in south-eastern corner of Pakistan. It covers an area of about 9,000 sq. kms. In this study samples from Lakhra, Meting-

Jhimpir and Thar coalfield; were studied for the adsorption capacity of

coals. Nitogen porosometry analyses were performed using NOVA 2200e Quantachrome surface analyzer for the determination of Pore

volume, Pore diameter and Surface area in coal. The Brunauer Emmett

and Teller (BET) equation was applied for the determination of surface area[1].

Table 1. Showing Pore diameter, Pore volume and BET surface area in

coal from Thar, Lakhra and Meting-Jhimpir coalfield.

Thar Block/Seam BJH BET Surface

area

Pore diameter

Pore volume

cc/g

SBET m2/g

Thar Block-VI 35.27 0.08 42.27

Thar Block-VII

Thar Block-VIII 118.15 2.36 143.29



43

Thar Block-X / IV

(181m)

72.29 0.13 74.17

Thar Block-X (184m) 120.39 1.18 113.61

Thar Block-X (188m) 34.81 0.06 39.26

Lakhra 121.5 2.36 141.26

Meting-Jhimpir 75.78 0.14 70.10

In coal methane (CH4) is generated as primary or secondary biogeneic

gas, which is entrapped within coal molecules. The absorbability and flowability of coalbed methane in coal depends upon the geometry of

pores[2]. As per IUPAC classification pores are classified as micropores,

having diameter of 500 diameter[3]. The

pore diameter in investigated coal as displayed in Table.1, and shows

that pores in Thar coal block VI and X (at the depth of 181m) are nearly mesopores pore (i.e. 35.27 and 34.81 diameter). While in block VII

and VIII of Thar coalfield, while in Thar coal at the depth of 184m in

block X, the size of the pore is increasing. In Lakhra and Meting-

Jhimpir coal pores are of mesopore size i.e. 121.5 and 75.78 diameter. And these pores may serve as transport pathways. From CBM

study point of view pores in coal are further divided into two levels and

six categories[4], pores in samples from Block VI of Thar coalfield are characterized as surface diffusion, while samples from block-VII, VII

and X have pores that known as mixed diffusion i.e. surface and

Kundsen diffusion. The coal samples from Lakhra and Meting-Jhimpir

have pores that termed as transitional pore.

The surface area is inherently linked to the pore size distribution in coal,

whereby surface area progressively increases with decline pore size for a given volume. BET surface area in Thar coal samples varies from 39.26

m2/g143.29 m2/g. And samples from Lakhra coalfield has surface area 141.26 m2/g, and Meting-Jhimpir coal samples has surface area 70.10 m2/g. The pore volume distribution is used to predict the adsorption

capacity in coal, In Thar coal, the pore volume ranges from 0.06 2.36cc/g, while the pore volume in Lakhra coal is 2.36cc/g and in

Meting-Jhimpir coal its volume is 0.14cc/g. The mesopore and macropores in investigated samples will serve as transport path way, and

little gas may be stored in these pores in adsorbed state [5].



44



45

THEME 3:

COAL

CHARACTERIZATION

AND UPGRADATION



46

Gasification Technology - Advances and Obstacles

Yoichi Kodera

National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science & Technology (AIST), Japan

Gasification technology has been applied to coal conversion, and

recently to waste-to-energy applications. Historically to say, the purpose of coal gasification is for city gas production, followed by syngas

production for liquid fuel production like in SASOL process and for the

production of methanol and ammonia like in TEXCO process. Coal is known to have the longer minable years than petroleum. Gasification

draws the more attentions as a clean way to generate hydrocarbons and

hydrogen. Recently, the conversion of wood, plastics, or agricultural

wastes into gaseous fuel has been studied by many researchers. Some plants are commercial, but some are still under development. The waste-

to-energy technology often faces not only technical problems but also

socioeconomic obstacles to be established as a feasible system in business. Table 1 shows the clarification of gasification technology.

Usually, gasification is the conversion of organic resources into gaseous

products, typically syngas, in the presence of a gasifying agent. Pyrolysis under an inert atmosphere is a part of gasification because of

the formation of gaseous products from wood and plastics with the

generation of solid residue. Gasification under oxygen or air can be

considered as partial combustion, which is different from combustion under excess air.

There are three major technologies, i.e. fixed-bed, fluidized-bed and entrained-bed gasification. Some are used as commercial gasifiers for

power generation or syngas production. Coal gasification using a fixed-

bed gasifier is typically known as Lurgi process. Entrained-bed gasification of coal is commercially operated in TEXACO process. A

fluidized-bed gasifier has been studies by many engineers and

researchers to establish a commercial process.

Table 1. Classification of gasification and the other technologies

Technology Conditions Feed and products

Gasification Thermal gasification with

the gasifying agent like

O2, H2O, CO2 and H2.

Coal under O2,H2OSyngas Carbon under CO2CO Coal under H2CH4+H2+H2O



47

Pyrolytic

gasification

Thermal gasification

under inert atmosphere.

Woodcharcoal+tar+H2, CO, CO2

Plasticshydrocarbon (oil and gas)

Combustion Complete combustion

under enough air. Coalhot flue gaschar Woodhot flue gascharcoal Plasticshot flue gas

One of the most important factors for successful operation of coal

gasification is to match the properties of coal with the type of gasifier.

Table 2 shows the features of gasification in three types of gasifiers in relations to the features of coal. Clinker trouble, slugging and fouling are

the typical troubles that are caused by melting ash. And there are some

other factors to consider, for example, particle size of coal, selection of

gasifying agents and operation pressure.

For biomass and plastic wastes, there are the other factors to govern the

economic and technical feasibility to lead the success of gasification; for example, cost and efficiency in collection system and transportation.

On April 2013, a coal gasification process for power generation started its commercial operation after a long term of R&D on the integrated

gasification combined cycle (IGCC) since 1986. The Nakoso power

plant has five commercial facilities including plants of one (175 MW) by

heavy oil-fired process, three (250, 600, 600 MW) by conventional coal-fired process and a new one (250 MW) by IGCC process. The new plant

achieved the higher generating efficiency around 40% and the lower

environmental impacts with the combination of newly-improved equipment such as turbine and gas cleaning systems. The coal-

gasification power generation still competes with a pulverized-coal fired

power generation with super-critical steam generation for its generating efficiency, cost and environmental impacts.

Table 2 Features of gasification of each gasifier and coal



48

Example of

the features of

gasification

Fixed-bed

gasification

Fluidized-bed

gasification

Entrained-bed

gasification

Feeding shape

of coal

Lump coal 30 to

50 mm diameter.

Use of dust coal

should be

considered.

Pulverized coal

upto 3 mm

diameter. Use of

dust coal should

be considered.

Pulverized coal

upto 0.1 mm

diameter. Large

energy is

consumed for

crushing.

Temperature Under 900 C to

avoid clinker

trouble

Under 900 C to

avoid clinker

trouble

1350 to 1600 C

to promote ash

slugging

Dust

formation

escaping from

a gasifier

Less amounts Lager amounts of

ash and char.

Escape of char

lowers carbon

conversion.

Larger amounts

of fly ash



49

Future of Coal - International Perspective

Shah Zulfiqar Haider

Narayanganj Palli Bidyut Samity

(Narayanganj Rural Electric Cooperative)

Nanakhi, Sonargaon, Narayanganj, Bangladesh.

World energy need is increasing at geometric rate. So far we mainly depended on fossil fuel and mainly Coal. The rich developed Nuclear

power plants, but after Tsunami in Fukushima and nuclear disaster, the

dependency on Coal has further increased though it is main source of

global warming.

The major coal producing countries in the world are China, USA, India,

Australia, Russia, South Africa, Indonesia, Germany and Poland. Wheras major coal consuming countries in the world are China, USA, India,

Germany, Russia, Japan, South Africa, Australia and Poland. So we find

China is the no 1 Coal producing and consuming country and India is desperately following China. Why? Because it is easy to extract,

generate electricity and less costly.

Even in USA, maximum Energy production is through Coal followed by natural gas, crude oil. Nuclear generation is in fourth position.

Coal in the Developing World: In race for new power plants, coal rank no 1. It is found that 483 power companies have proposed new coal-fired

plants across 59 countries. Most of these proposed plants are in

developing nationsmainly Chins and India. These two countries account for 76 percent of the proposed new coal power capacity. New coal-fired plants are also proposed in some developing countries where

theres currently limited or no domestic coal production, such as Cambodia and Senegal. The United States ranks seventh out of all countries, with 36 proposed plants with a capacity of more than 20,000

MW. Not all of these projects will necessarily be approved and

developedthe report only looks at proposed new plants. However, this research shows a significantand troublinginterest in coal development globally. Even in Bangladesh Coal is considered to be next

main primary fuel for electricity generation. The easiest solution to

electricity crises in Pakistan is through Coal generation.



50

Environmental Impact due to coal generation: IECG and International Electric hold in dispute many of the commonly held concepts about the

environmental impacts of coal fired electrical generation. We believe that

the benefits far outweigh any potential negative impacts. IECG and

CRPG work with the community and with recognized experts to minimize and eliminate any potential environments hazards such as:

Coal mining causes severe erosion, resulting in the leaching of toxic chemicals into nearby streams and aquifers, and destroys habitants.

About two-thirds of sulfur dioxide, one-third of carbon dioxide emissions

and one quarter of the nitrogen oxides emissions in the U.S. are produced by coal burning. Its burning also results in the emission of fine particles

matter into the atmosphere. Nitrogen oxide and fine airborne particles

exacerbate asthma, reduce lung function and cause respiratory diseases

and premature death for many thousands of Americans. Smog formed by nitrogen oxide and reactive organic gases causes crop, forest and

property damage. Sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides both combine with

water in the atmosphere to create acid rain. Acid rain acidifies the soils and water killing off plants, fish, and the animals that depend on them.

Global warming is mainly caused by carbon dioxide emissions and is

responsible for at least half of the warming. But above all coal will lead as main energy for electricity generation.

Key words: Greenhouse gas, Global warming, clean coal, Carbon

dioxide, Black cotton



51

Strength Evaluation of Indigenously Developed KPK Coal

Briquettes

Muddasar Habib

1, Amad Ullah Khan

1, Shah Saud Khan

2, Unsia Habib

1,

Jameel Ahmed1, Naveed ul Hasan

1, and Sultan Ali

1.

1Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Engineering and Technology, Peshawar, Pakistan.

2Department of Physics, University of Peshawar, Pakistan.

The present energy crisis in developing countries such as Pakistan has

forced the national and local governments to look into unitizing the indigenous low cost energy resources. The Khyber Pukhtunkhuwa

(KPK) province, located in the North-West, has considerable reserves of

low ranked coal and its effective upgrading and utilization can help meet

the local energy needs. Grabbing on the opportunity of devising a mechanism for the local and low cost coal up-gradation this work has

looked into developing coal briquettes of acceptable combustion and

mechanical properties. These have been achieved by identifying optimum compositions of coal, binder and filler to give acceptable levels

of compression strength, ease in combustion both in confined and open

places. A simple briquetting machine was indigenously designed with the aim of local technology transfer and to boost the affordability by the

local population. Coal briquettes used in this work were made by

varying the organic (Starch and poly vinyl acetate (PVA)) binder

strength with a fixed amount of powered coal. The briquettes were then analyzed for their mechanical properties by the Universal Testing

Machine (UTM). The surface structure and/or composition were looked

into by the Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM).

The UTM results showed that briquettes made with starch binder had

good compression strength (4000N) in comparison with others. This was also confirmed by SEM which showed low surface porosity for starch

blended briquettes. The low surface porosity resulted in showing high

water resistive and shatter indexes hence giving high compression

strength.

Key words: Coal, briquettes, binder, SEM, UTM, strength



52

Designing and Fabrication of Indigenous Mechanical Press for

Preparation Of Coal Briquettes

Suhail A.Soomro, Anand Parkash, Shaheen Aziz, Sikander M.Almani

Department of Chemical Engineering, Mehran University of Engineering &

Technology, Jamshoro, Pakistan

Pakistan is facing crises in energy sector due to un-utilization of local energy

resources. Pakistan is 6th rank in coal rich countries. Coal present in Pakistan is

mostly lignite and it is also low rank coal because of high percentage of moisture and sulphur. The directly usage of this low grade coal is harmful for

health & un-friendly to the environment. Coal Briquetting Technology is clean,

economical and most important environmental friendly technology for use of

Pakistans (Thar Coal) low grade coal reserves. Briquetted form of coal is free from impurities like SO2 and CO which are hazardous to environment. These

impurities are main cause of global warming and acid rain. The briquetted form

of coal increased calorific value and decreased impurities like sulphur

compounds and fly ash with the using of different additives. Calcium carbonate

and calcium oxide (lime) are used as additive in coal briquetting. In our

research, we have used different samples of Thar and lakhra coal. By different

experiments, we get results that the ash and moisture contents in Thar coal are

low as compared to Lakhra coal therefore Thar coal is suitable for coal briquetting as compared to Lakhra coal.

Our research work has been carried out on Designing and fabrication of

indigenous press for preparation of coal briquettes. The capacity of mechanical

press is up to fourteen briquettes and can produce different shapes of briquettes

in single batch. The briquettes produce by our mechanical press are cheap,

economical and environment friendly as shown by results. Coal briquetting

technology gives a path to utilize a Pakistan low grade coal resources in a better

way. Our prepare coal briquettes show positive results for sulphur tests and

calorific value tests. Sulphur is not producing which is very much successful

result. Calorific value results are also desirable if we properly dry briquettes in sun or in drier then increment is sure. These coal briquettes can be utilized in

gasifiers, kilns and boilers etc. These are very much feasible and economical as

compare to the other fuel or sources of energy.

Keywords: Coal briquettes, Energy crises, Sulphur, Environment, Gasifier



53

Evaluation of Optimum Composition of Starch as a Binding

Material for Square Coal Briquettes

Amad Ullah Khan, Muhammad Babar, Muddasar Habib, Unsia Habib,

Jameel Ahmed, Naveed ul Hasan, and Sultan Ali

Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Engineering and Technology Peshawar, KPK, Pakistan.

Various coal samples from Darra Adam Khel (KPK) region were

collected for making the square shaped coal briquettes. Starch solutions

of different concentrations were used as organic binding material. Coal briquettes were made using an indigenously designed and fabricated lab

scale apparatus. The strength and porosity of the prepared samples was

analyzed by compression test carried out by Universal Testing Machine

(UTM) and Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) analysis respectively. This resulted in data generation for determining strength of these

briquettes. The set of results obtained for these square coal briquettes

were then compared among themselves to find the optimum performance value of starch solution as a binding material. The results in terms of

strength and combustion calculation of this research work will help in

gaining concentration of implementing bodies for application on a pilot scale. This project is aimed to reduce load on the current trend of

extensive deforestation by providing an alternative energy source. Proper

utilization of this project will help our country in overcoming current

energy crisis.

Keywords: Coal briquettes, starch solution, binding materials.



54

THEME 4:

EMISSION AND THEIR

CONTROL



55

Coal Mines Wastewater Characteristics and Their Treatment

and Disposal Technologies in China

Jiane Zuo, Jian Zhao, Lili Gan and Dongbei Yue

State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control,

School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China

After introducing some basic information about Chinas coal storage and coal mines distribution, the characteristics and treatment techniques of

wastewater from coal mining and coal washing processes and their effects on environments were discussed, and the characteristics of

wastewater produced from different coal chemical industries including

coal gasification, coal liquefaction, and coal coking, etc., and some novel treatment technologies were summarized.

Keywords: Coal, Mine water, waste water, washing effluent



56

Environmental Assessment of Thar Coal fields

A.K Ansari, M.A.Shishmahal, Mariam Mangi,

The Government of Sindh intends to develop one of the worlds largest coal deposits located in the Thar region of Sindh, for the generation of

much needed energy.

At present ten potential coal Development Blocks or areas have been

identified by Government of Sindh and two more area in the development stages. Activities associated with the extraction, processing

and generation of power from coal have the potential to general

significant contamination to ground and surface water and the key to minimizing this contamination is to develop controls at the source.

For this study, eleven water samples were collected from different

locations, considering a nearby village or water body from the ambient air identified position and coordinates. The survey indicates that water is

unfit for human consumption. Chlorides and the total dissolved solids,

exceed WHO drinking water standards for almost all the wells, the total hardness is above the standards limit. Similarly, aluminum, manganese,

lead, antimony and nickel also exceed the WHO limits in several wells,

the carcinogen arsenic was found to exceed the WHO limits in few wells.

Settlements constitute the anchor point of the infrastructure surveys.

Overall, the distribution of these settlements across entire Tharparkar

District includes the towns of Islam kot, charcharo and comparatively larger villages of Khairo Ghulam Shah, Dhaklo, Rohi raro, Tilvai and

Thario Halepota. Majority settlements belong to chacharo talika and are

located within 3-4 kilometers of each other.

Settlements within the concession blocks have an average area of 0.9km2

varying between the lowest in block III and highest in block VII. It is

important to develop these coal fields in such a manner that there is no major environmental impacts on water quality, settlements, ambient air

quality and wild life living in close surrounding.

Keywords: Thar coal, EIA, WHO, rehabilitation, wild life



57

Environmental Effect and Cost Benefit Analysis (CBA) Of

Washed & Un-Washed Coal at Lakhra Coal Power Plant

Cyril Maqsood Khokhar

1 and Rasool Bux Mahar

2 1Chemical Engineer, FBC Power Station Lakhra

2Co-Director, Environmental Engg: and Management Dept. MUET, Jamshoro

The study has been carried out on Lakhra Coal Fired Power Plant, the

only Coal Power Plant in Public Sector, the Lakhra coal reserves were the largest coal field while Thar coal was not explored. Lakhra coal is

known as a Brown Lignite having High Ash contents & High Sulfur contents i.e. 30% & 7%respectivily. Lakhra Power Company contributes

3x50 MW, electricity generation in to the National Grid system.

This study has focused on the emissions of Sulfur Oxides & production

of Ash (Particulate Matters) in order to evaluat

Abstract Book Icc

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