Absolutism

AbsolutismAbsolutism

Definition: Political system in which autocratic rulers Definition: Political system in which autocratic rulers have complete authority over the government and the have complete authority over the government and the lives of people in their nations.lives of people in their nations.

Theme: Political system. Culture and intellectual life. Theme: Political system. Culture and intellectual life. Conflict.Conflict.

Historical Connection: The rise of absolutism spread Historical Connection: The rise of absolutism spread throughout many early empires. The Indian Mughal throughout many early empires. The Indian Mughal empire was ruled by a Akbar the Great.empire was ruled by a Akbar the Great.

Divine RightDivine Right

Definition: Belief that a ruler’s authority comes directly Definition: Belief that a ruler’s authority comes directly from God.from God.

Theme: Belief system. Political system.Theme: Belief system. Political system.

Historical Connection: Philip II of Spain believed he was Historical Connection: Philip II of Spain believed he was an agent of God. He helped to spread Spanish and an agent of God. He helped to spread Spanish and Catholic influence throughout the known world.Catholic influence throughout the known world.

Limited MonarchyLimited Monarchy

Definition: Government in which a legislative body limits Definition: Government in which a legislative body limits the monarch’s powers.the monarch’s powers.

Theme: Political system. Change. Conflict.Theme: Political system. Change. Conflict.

Historical Connection: Queen Mary and her husband Historical Connection: Queen Mary and her husband William had to accept the English Bill of Rights, which William had to accept the English Bill of Rights, which placed the Parliament above the monarchy.placed the Parliament above the monarchy.

Scientific MethodScientific MethodDefinition: A method of discovering truth based Definition: A method of discovering truth based on experimentation and observation rather than on experimentation and observation rather than on past authorities. on past authorities.

Theme: Change. Turning point. Culture and Theme: Change. Turning point. Culture and intellectual life.intellectual life.

Historical Connection: Philosophers began to Historical Connection: Philosophers began to develop new theories about how the natural develop new theories about how the natural world works. Isaac Newton, for example, world works. Isaac Newton, for example, discovered the law of gravity.discovered the law of gravity.

Natural LawsNatural Laws

Definition: According to some philosophers, rules that Definition: According to some philosophers, rules that govern human nature.govern human nature.

Theme: Change. Turning point. Culture and intellectual Theme: Change. Turning point. Culture and intellectual life.life.

Historical Connection: This thinking led to the period in Historical Connection: This thinking led to the period in history called the Enlightenment, which placed great history called the Enlightenment, which placed great emphasis on human reason. emphasis on human reason.

Coup d’ EtatCoup d’ Etat

Definition: A revolt by a small group intended to Definition: A revolt by a small group intended to overthrow a government.overthrow a government.

Theme: Conflict. Change. Political system.Theme: Conflict. Change. Political system.

Historical Connection: Napoleon Bonaparte led a Historical Connection: Napoleon Bonaparte led a successful coup d’ etat in France. Fidel Castro was successful coup d’ etat in France. Fidel Castro was another leader who led a coup in Cuba.another leader who led a coup in Cuba.

ConservatismConservatism

Definition: Set of beliefs held by those who want to Definition: Set of beliefs held by those who want to preserve traditional ways.preserve traditional ways.

Theme: Belief system. Political system.Theme: Belief system. Political system.

Historical Connection: The Congress of Vienna (1815) Historical Connection: The Congress of Vienna (1815) was a meeting of European leaders which reestablished was a meeting of European leaders which reestablished some monarchial authority to combat revolutions.some monarchial authority to combat revolutions.

LiberalismLiberalism

Definition: Way of thinking that supports personal Definition: Way of thinking that supports personal freedom, democracy, and freedom.freedom, democracy, and freedom.

Theme: Political system. Change.Theme: Political system. Change.

Historical Connection: Many individual in Europe wanted Historical Connection: Many individual in Europe wanted to change the government to become more liberal. This to change the government to become more liberal. This philosophy led to many revolts against the government.philosophy led to many revolts against the government.

NationalismNationalism

Definition: a feeling of pride in and devotion to one’s Definition: a feeling of pride in and devotion to one’s country.country.

Theme: Political system. Culture and intellectual life.Theme: Political system. Culture and intellectual life.

Historical Connection: Nations began to unite under a Historical Connection: Nations began to unite under a common philosophy that was based on freedom of common philosophy that was based on freedom of foreign rule. foreign rule.

RussificationRussification

Definition: attempt by Russian rulers to make all groups Definition: attempt by Russian rulers to make all groups under Russian rule think, act, and believe as Russians.under Russian rule think, act, and believe as Russians.

Theme: Political system. Turning Point. Change.Theme: Political system. Turning Point. Change.

Historical Connection: Russian leaders wanted all people Historical Connection: Russian leaders wanted all people living in Russian territories to act the same. Czar living in Russian territories to act the same. Czar Alexander III persecuted anyone who did not cooperate Alexander III persecuted anyone who did not cooperate with Russification.with Russification.

OligarchyOligarchy

Definition: Government in which ruling power belongs to Definition: Government in which ruling power belongs to a few people.a few people.

Theme: Political system.Theme: Political system.

Historical connection: In many countries which had a Historical connection: In many countries which had a diverse population oligarchies were set up to make sure diverse population oligarchies were set up to make sure all people in the region were equally represented. This all people in the region were equally represented. This was prevalent in many early Latin American nations.was prevalent in many early Latin American nations.

KaiserKaiser

Definition: German word meaning “emperor”, used for Definition: German word meaning “emperor”, used for German kings of the late 1800s and early 1900s.German kings of the late 1800s and early 1900s.

Theme: Political system. Theme: Political system.

Historical Connection: The first person to refer to himself Historical Connection: The first person to refer to himself as a Kaiser was William I. The term is derived from as a Kaiser was William I. The term is derived from Caesar. Caesar.

Laissez FaireLaissez Faire

Definition: Policy allowing business to operate with little Definition: Policy allowing business to operate with little or no governmental interference.or no governmental interference.

Theme: Political system. Culture and intellectual life.Theme: Political system. Culture and intellectual life.

Historical Connection: This economic philosophy grew Historical Connection: This economic philosophy grew out of the Enlightenment period. This also led to policies out of the Enlightenment period. This also led to policies that were in use during the Industrial revolution.that were in use during the Industrial revolution.

Socialism Socialism

Definition: System in which the people as a whole rather Definition: System in which the people as a whole rather than private individuals own all the property and operate than private individuals own all the property and operate all the businesses. all the businesses.

Theme: Political system. Economic system.Theme: Political system. Economic system.

Historical Connection: The philosophy of socialism was Historical Connection: The philosophy of socialism was practiced in the Soviet Union (Russia). Communism is practiced in the Soviet Union (Russia). Communism is based on the principles of socialism.based on the principles of socialism.

SuffrageSuffrage

Definition: The right to voteDefinition: The right to vote

Theme: Change. Turning point. Conflict. Theme: Change. Turning point. Conflict. Justice and human rightsJustice and human rights

Historical Connection: During key Historical Connection: During key nationalistic movements, such as India nationalistic movements, such as India and French Revolution. Citizens began to and French Revolution. Citizens began to demand a say in government.demand a say in government.

PropagandaPropaganda

Definition: The spreading of ideas to Definition: The spreading of ideas to promote a cause or to damage an promote a cause or to damage an opposing cause.opposing cause.

Theme: Conflict. Nationalism. ImperialismTheme: Conflict. Nationalism. Imperialism

Historical Connection: During times of war, Historical Connection: During times of war, nations use propaganda to raise the spirits nations use propaganda to raise the spirits of their citizens and to demoralize their of their citizens and to demoralize their opponents.opponents.

Sphere of InfluenceSphere of Influence

Definition: Areas in which an outside Definition: Areas in which an outside power claim exclusive trade privileges.power claim exclusive trade privileges.

Theme: Imperialism. Nationalism.Theme: Imperialism. Nationalism.

Historical Connection: During the Historical Connection: During the imperialistic movement in China, imperialistic movement in China, European countries divided China into European countries divided China into spheres of influence.spheres of influence.

MilitarismMilitarism

Definition: The glorification of military Definition: The glorification of military power.power.

Theme: Conflict. NationalismTheme: Conflict. Nationalism

Before WWI, the powers of Europe began Before WWI, the powers of Europe began to develop great armies out of fear and to develop great armies out of fear and suspicion of each other.suspicion of each other.

NeutralNeutral

Definition: Not supporting either side.Definition: Not supporting either side.

Theme: ConflictTheme: Conflict

Historical Connection: At the beginning of Historical Connection: At the beginning of WWI, the US decided to remain neutral WWI, the US decided to remain neutral and stay out of the affairs of European and stay out of the affairs of European countries.countries.

ArmisticeArmistice

Definition: An agreement to end fightingDefinition: An agreement to end fighting

Theme: Political system. Conflict.Theme: Political system. Conflict.

Historical Connection: By the end of WWI, Historical Connection: By the end of WWI, the main countries agreed to end the war.the main countries agreed to end the war.

ReparationsReparations

Definition: Payment for war DamagesDefinition: Payment for war Damages

Theme: Economic system. Turning point.Theme: Economic system. Turning point.

Historical Connection: After WWII, the Historical Connection: After WWII, the Treaty of Versailles demanded Germany Treaty of Versailles demanded Germany pay reparations to nations they invaded.pay reparations to nations they invaded.

SovietSoviet

Definition: Council of workers and soldiers Definition: Council of workers and soldiers set up by Russian revolutionaries in 1917.set up by Russian revolutionaries in 1917.

Theme: Turning point. Political system.Theme: Turning point. Political system.

Historical Connection: After the Russian Historical Connection: After the Russian Revolution Russia became Known as the Revolution Russia became Known as the Soviet Union. Political system was based Soviet Union. Political system was based on socialistic principles.on socialistic principles.

Totalitarian StateTotalitarian State

Definition: Form of government in which a Definition: Form of government in which a one-party dictatorship attempts to regulate one-party dictatorship attempts to regulate every aspect of the citizen’s lives.every aspect of the citizen’s lives.Theme: Political system. Conflict.Theme: Political system. Conflict.Historical Connection: Most totalitarian Historical Connection: Most totalitarian states claimed to have the interests of the states claimed to have the interests of the citizens at heart, but were usually citizens at heart, but were usually oppressive in nature. The USSR (Russia) oppressive in nature. The USSR (Russia) was a totalitarian State.was a totalitarian State.

Command EconomyCommand EconomyDefinition: Economy in which government Definition: Economy in which government officials make all basic economic officials make all basic economic decisions.decisions.

Theme: Economic system. Conflict.Theme: Economic system. Conflict.

Historical Connection: China’s economic Historical Connection: China’s economic system is based on this principle. This system is based on this principle. This gives the government the opportunity to gives the government the opportunity to exploit the nation’s wealth. exploit the nation’s wealth.

CollectiveCollectiveDefinition: Large farms owned and Definition: Large farms owned and operated by workers as a group.operated by workers as a group.Theme: Political system. Economic Theme: Political system. Economic system.system.Historical Connection: The Soviet Union Historical Connection: The Soviet Union initiated this way of producing goods initiated this way of producing goods throughout the nation. Certain regions throughout the nation. Certain regions produced goods for distribution throughout produced goods for distribution throughout USSR.USSR.

Civil DisobedienceCivil Disobedience

Definition: The refusal to obey unjust rules.Definition: The refusal to obey unjust rules.

Theme: Justice and human rights. Conflict.Theme: Justice and human rights. Conflict.

Historical Connection: Gandhi was famous Historical Connection: Gandhi was famous for his acts of civil disobedience. He used for his acts of civil disobedience. He used peaceful demonstrations to change peaceful demonstrations to change government.government.

FascismFascismDefinition: The rule of a people by a Definition: The rule of a people by a dictatorial government that is nationalistic dictatorial government that is nationalistic and imperialistic.and imperialistic.

Theme: Imperialism. Nationalism. Conflict.Theme: Imperialism. Nationalism. Conflict.

Historical Connection: Hitler’s regime in Historical Connection: Hitler’s regime in Germany was a fascist state. Benito Germany was a fascist state. Benito Mussolini was also a fascist leader.Mussolini was also a fascist leader.

AppeasementAppeasementDefinition: Policy of giving in to an Definition: Policy of giving in to an aggressor’s demands in order to keep the aggressor’s demands in order to keep the peace.peace.Theme: Political system. Change. Conflict.Theme: Political system. Change. Conflict.Historical Connection: Many nations during Historical Connection: Many nations during WWII gave into Hitler’s demands in order to WWII gave into Hitler’s demands in order to protect their citizens. protect their citizens.

BlitzBlitz

Definition: Massive bombingDefinition: Massive bombing

Theme: ConflictTheme: Conflict

Historical Connection: England suffered Historical Connection: England suffered great damages due to Germany’s attacks great damages due to Germany’s attacks during WWII.during WWII.

GenocideGenocide Definition: Attempt to destroy an entire Definition: Attempt to destroy an entire

ethnic or religious group.ethnic or religious group. Theme: Justice and human rights. Conflict.Theme: Justice and human rights. Conflict. Historical Connection: Hitler’s regime Historical Connection: Hitler’s regime

wanted to eradicate the Jewish population wanted to eradicate the Jewish population from the world. There was also attempts of from the world. There was also attempts of genocide in Somalia and Bosnia.genocide in Somalia and Bosnia.

Concentration CampConcentration Camp Definition: Detention centers instituted by Definition: Detention centers instituted by

Hitler where Jews and others were starved, Hitler where Jews and others were starved, shot, and gassed to death.shot, and gassed to death.

Theme: Justice and Human rights. Conflict. Theme: Justice and Human rights. Conflict. Nationalism.Nationalism.

Historical Connection: The most infamous Historical Connection: The most infamous camp was called Auschwitz. It was located camp was called Auschwitz. It was located in Poland and thousands of men, women, in Poland and thousands of men, women, and children were killed.and children were killed.

Iron CurtainIron Curtain

Definition: The imaginary line through Definition: The imaginary line through Europe that divided the democracies of Europe that divided the democracies of the West from the communist nations of the West from the communist nations of the East.the East.

Theme: Political system. ConflictTheme: Political system. Conflict Historical Connection: Communism in Historical Connection: Communism in

Europe ended in 1988. Europe ended in 1988.

SuperpowerSuperpower Definition: Name after 1945 for both the Definition: Name after 1945 for both the

US and Soviet Union, the two nations that US and Soviet Union, the two nations that dominated global politics for more than dominated global politics for more than four decades.four decades.

Theme: Political system. Conflict.Theme: Political system. Conflict. Historical Connection: This belief caused Historical Connection: This belief caused

intense tensions between the nations. intense tensions between the nations. Both nations were in a power struggle to Both nations were in a power struggle to claim dominance.claim dominance.

ContainmentContainment Definition: Cold War policy that involved Definition: Cold War policy that involved

limiting communism to areas already limiting communism to areas already under Soviet control.under Soviet control.

Theme: Political system. Justice and Theme: Political system. Justice and human rights. Conflict.human rights. Conflict.

Historical Connection: The US were very Historical Connection: The US were very concerned that other nations would join concerned that other nations would join forces with USSR, causing a weakening of forces with USSR, causing a weakening of US power.US power.

Apartheid Apartheid Definition: south African government Definition: south African government

policy calling for separation of races.policy calling for separation of races. Theme: Political system. Justice and Theme: Political system. Justice and

human rights. Conflicthuman rights. Conflict Historical Connections: Nelson Mandela Historical Connections: Nelson Mandela

was imprisoned for many years because was imprisoned for many years because he spoke out against apartheid. When he he spoke out against apartheid. When he was released from jail he was elected was released from jail he was elected President.President.

Détente Détente Definition: Period in the 1970s during Definition: Period in the 1970s during

which there was an easing of tensions which there was an easing of tensions between the US and Soviet Union.between the US and Soviet Union.

Theme: Turning point. Change.Theme: Turning point. Change. Historical Connection: President Nixon Historical Connection: President Nixon

formed a détente with China which helped formed a détente with China which helped to form good relations.to form good relations.

PerestroikaPerestroika Definition: Restructuring of the Definition: Restructuring of the

government and the economy in the government and the economy in the Soviet Union under Mikhail Gorbachev in Soviet Union under Mikhail Gorbachev in the mid-1980sthe mid-1980s

Theme: Political system. Economic system.Theme: Political system. Economic system. Historical Connection: This restructuring Historical Connection: This restructuring

was a signal to non-communist nations was a signal to non-communist nations that Soviet power was dwindling.that Soviet power was dwindling.

GlasnostGlasnost Definition: Period of openness called for in Definition: Period of openness called for in

the mid 1980s by Gorbachev in the Soviet the mid 1980s by Gorbachev in the Soviet union.union.

Theme: Political system. Change.Theme: Political system. Change. Historical Connection: Soviet leadership Historical Connection: Soviet leadership

began to realize that their hold on Eastern began to realize that their hold on Eastern Europe was beginning to deteriorate so Europe was beginning to deteriorate so they initiated progressive methods to they initiated progressive methods to maintain order.maintain order.

Ethnic CleansingEthnic Cleansing Definition: policy of forcefully removing or Definition: policy of forcefully removing or

killing people of a certain ethnic group.killing people of a certain ethnic group. Theme: Justice and human rights. Political Theme: Justice and human rights. Political

system. Belief system.system. Belief system. Historical Connection: Adolph Hitler’s Historical Connection: Adolph Hitler’s

regime in Germany practiced this on the regime in Germany practiced this on the Jews. This racist attitude is still present in Jews. This racist attitude is still present in today’s world. Somalia and Bosnia are two today’s world. Somalia and Bosnia are two recent examples. recent examples.

RefugeeRefugee

Definition: Person who flees his or her Definition: Person who flees his or her homeland to seek safety elsewhere.homeland to seek safety elsewhere.

Theme: Justice and human rights. Conflict.Theme: Justice and human rights. Conflict. Historical Connection: Economic instability Historical Connection: Economic instability

and labor shortages are two reasons and labor shortages are two reasons people might flee their homeland, but people might flee their homeland, but attempts at ethnic cleansing or violence attempts at ethnic cleansing or violence are usually the reason. are usually the reason.

TerrorismTerrorism Definition: Deliberate use of unpredictable Definition: Deliberate use of unpredictable

violence, especially against civilians, to violence, especially against civilians, to gain revenge or achieve political goals.gain revenge or achieve political goals.

Theme: Political system. Justice and Theme: Political system. Justice and human rights. Conflict.human rights. Conflict.

Historical Connection: The US suffered one Historical Connection: The US suffered one of the worst terrorist attacks in history on of the worst terrorist attacks in history on September 11, 2001. September 11, 2001.

WesternizationWesternization

Definition: Process of adopting western Definition: Process of adopting western ways.ways.

Theme: Political system. Turning point. Theme: Political system. Turning point. Change.Change.

Historical Connection: This process began Historical Connection: This process began when European powers started to exert when European powers started to exert power over colonies and indigenous power over colonies and indigenous populations. populations.

OverpopulationOverpopulation

Definition: Overabundance of people in a Definition: Overabundance of people in a region or country that lacks sufficient region or country that lacks sufficient resources to adequately provide for them.resources to adequately provide for them.

Theme: Turning point. Conflict. Justice and Theme: Turning point. Conflict. Justice and human rights.human rights.

Historical Connection: Many nations Historical Connection: Many nations throughout the world are suffering from throughout the world are suffering from overpopulation. India, Asia, and China all overpopulation. India, Asia, and China all are faced with this problem.are faced with this problem.

UrbanizationUrbanization Definition: Movement of people to cities.Definition: Movement of people to cities. Theme: Movement of people and goods. Theme: Movement of people and goods.

Turning point. Change.Turning point. Change. Historical Connection: There are many Historical Connection: There are many

reasons for the shift from rural to urban reasons for the shift from rural to urban settlement. Poverty is perhaps the biggest settlement. Poverty is perhaps the biggest reason, however, health care and reason, however, health care and education can also be a factor.education can also be a factor.

LiteracyLiteracy

Definition: The ability to read and write. Definition: The ability to read and write. Theme: Turning point. Justice and human Theme: Turning point. Justice and human

rights. Cultural & intellectual life. rights. Cultural & intellectual life. Historical Connection: The Information Historical Connection: The Information

Revolution has greatly contributed to the Revolution has greatly contributed to the improvement in literacy throughout the improvement in literacy throughout the world. Many nation’s leaders are world. Many nation’s leaders are implementing programs that stress the implementing programs that stress the importance of literacy.importance of literacy.

Genetic EngineeringGenetic Engineering Definition: Process of changing the Definition: Process of changing the

chemical codes carried by living things to chemical codes carried by living things to produce cures for disease and better produce cures for disease and better treatments.treatments.

Theme: Science and technology. Culture Theme: Science and technology. Culture and intellectual life. and intellectual life.

Historical Connections: In 1997 the first Historical Connections: In 1997 the first genetic clone, or exact genetic replica of genetic clone, or exact genetic replica of an organism, was announced. There are an organism, was announced. There are mixed feelings concerning this topic.mixed feelings concerning this topic.

PollutionPollution

Definition: Contamination of the Definition: Contamination of the environment, including air, water, and soil.environment, including air, water, and soil.

Theme: Geography. Science and Theme: Geography. Science and technology.technology.

Historical Connection: The Industrial Historical Connection: The Industrial Revolution was as harmful as much as it Revolution was as harmful as much as it was instrumental in the development of was instrumental in the development of civilization. Harmful gases and soot from civilization. Harmful gases and soot from factories and inventions are potentially factories and inventions are potentially harmful to the longevity of the planet.harmful to the longevity of the planet.

Acid RainAcid Rain

Definition: Toxic mixture that is produced Definition: Toxic mixture that is produced when rain falls through polluted air.when rain falls through polluted air.

Theme: Modern global connections and Theme: Modern global connections and interactions. Science and technology.interactions. Science and technology.

Historical Connections: Acid rain is Historical Connections: Acid rain is detrimental to forests, lakes and farmland. detrimental to forests, lakes and farmland. One nations pollution often times affects One nations pollution often times affects the atmosphere of another. the atmosphere of another.

Fossil FuelFossil Fuel Definition: Fuels such as coal, oil, and Definition: Fuels such as coal, oil, and

natural gas.natural gas. Theme: Science and technology. Modern Theme: Science and technology. Modern

global connections an interactions.global connections an interactions. Historical Connection: The use of these Historical Connection: The use of these

fossil fuels has led to some issues of fossil fuels has led to some issues of pollution. Scientists have been trying to pollution. Scientists have been trying to devise cleaner methods of producing devise cleaner methods of producing energy. energy.

Ozone LayerOzone Layer Definition: Layer of gases high in the Definition: Layer of gases high in the

atmosphere that protects the Earth from atmosphere that protects the Earth from the dangerous ultraviolet rays of the sun.the dangerous ultraviolet rays of the sun.

Theme: Geography. Science and technology. Theme: Geography. Science and technology. Modern global connections and interactionsModern global connections and interactions

Historical Connection: Chlorofluorocarbons Historical Connection: Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) are produced by man made (CFCs) are produced by man made inventions, and are believed to be the main inventions, and are believed to be the main cause for the thinning of the ozone layer. cause for the thinning of the ozone layer. Russia and Japan have both agreed to Russia and Japan have both agreed to eliminate the use and production of CFCs.eliminate the use and production of CFCs.

Greenhouse EffectGreenhouse Effect Definition: process in which the excess carbon Definition: process in which the excess carbon

dioxide in the atmosphere traps heat and dioxide in the atmosphere traps heat and causes rising global temperatures. causes rising global temperatures.

Theme: Geography. Modern global Theme: Geography. Modern global connections and interactions. Science and connections and interactions. Science and technology.technology.

Historical Connections: Many believe the rise Historical Connections: Many believe the rise in natural catastrophes are due to global in natural catastrophes are due to global warming. Some scientists argue that left warming. Some scientists argue that left unchecked could significantly reduce the unchecked could significantly reduce the longevity of life on Earth.longevity of life on Earth.

DeforestationDeforestation Definition: Destruction of forests, Definition: Destruction of forests,

especially tropical rain forests.especially tropical rain forests. Theme: Geography. Science and Theme: Geography. Science and

technology. Modern global connections technology. Modern global connections and interactions.and interactions.

Historical Connections: Some believe that Historical Connections: Some believe that the Earth is losing more than 50 million the Earth is losing more than 50 million acres of rain forest each year. acres of rain forest each year. Deforestation is usually the result of Deforestation is usually the result of modern development.modern development.

DesertificationDesertification Definition: The changeover of arable lands Definition: The changeover of arable lands

into desert.into desert. Theme: Geography. Change.Theme: Geography. Change. Historical Connection: Cutting down Historical Connection: Cutting down

forests and livestock grazing both forests and livestock grazing both contribute to this environmental crisis. The contribute to this environmental crisis. The Sahara desert in Africa is spreading Sahara desert in Africa is spreading approximately 50 miles per year, which is approximately 50 miles per year, which is resulting in the rise of famines. resulting in the rise of famines.

Nuclear ProliferationNuclear Proliferation Definition: the spread of nuclear power for Definition: the spread of nuclear power for

weapons and energy.weapons and energy. Theme: Science and technology. Conflict.Theme: Science and technology. Conflict. Historical Connection: The Cold War saw Historical Connection: The Cold War saw

superpowers, US and Soviet Union superpowers, US and Soviet Union stockpile their nuclear arsenal. This led to stockpile their nuclear arsenal. This led to a heightened sense of unease throughout a heightened sense of unease throughout the world. the world.

The EndThe End