Absolute monarchs in Europe REVIEW Chapter 5 in text book Pages 152 to 185
Jan 12, 2016
Absolute monarchs in Europe
REVIEW
Chapter 5 in text book
Pages 152 to 185
# 1– Hapsburg King • (Spain, Am. Colonies, parts of Italy, Austria, & Netherlands)
# 2• Charles V…1556, divided
empire & retired in a monastery
• Ferdinand(brother) – Austria & the Holy Roman Empire
• Philip II (son) – Spain, Spanish Netherlands, & Am. Colonies
# 3
• King of Portugal died w/out heir
• Philip was the king’s nephew & seized Portugal
• Africa, India, & East Indies
# 4• El Greco (“the Greek”)– Brilliant clashing colors, distorted human figure, &
had symbolic emotional expressions in paintings– Showed deep Catholic faith of Spain– Painted saints & martyrs
• Diego Velazquez– Used rich colors– Painted the pride of the Spanish monarchy – Court painter to Philip IV of Spain
# 5
• Miguel de Cervantes - Wrote Don Quixote de la Mancha
• Story… poor Spanish nobleman went crazy after reading too many books about heroic knights & then dressed up as a knight & mistook windmills for giants
• Birth of modern European novel
# 6
• Spanish empire weakens because of … • Severe Inflation• Taxes• Guilds• Wars• Dutch Revolt
# 7
• Rembrandt van Rijn – Portraits of the wealthy
middle-class merchants– Group portraits – Used sharp contrast of light
and shadows
• Jan Vermeer– Had domestic indoor settings – Often painted women doing
everyday activitiesGirl with a Pearl Earring
# 8
• Stable government• Economic growth • Had largest fleet of ships in the world• Created the Dutch East India Company
# 9
• Feudalism declines & cities grow• National kingdoms centralize authority• Growing middle-class usually backed
monarchs• Church authority broke down = monarchs got
greater control
# 101. Henry II – died 1559; wife Catherine de Medicis 2. King Francis II - 15 years old; died 15603. King Charles IX - 10 years old; died 15744. King Henry III - 24 years old; died 15895. Henry IV (Henry of Navarre) - 1st king of the Bourbon
dynasty
5. Louis XIII - 9 years old6. Louis XIV - age of 14; AKA “The Sun King”
# 11• King was 9 years old• leader of Catholic church in France• Effects…– Didn’t allow Protestant cities to have protective walls– Weakened the nobles’ power– Caused France to go into 30 years war
#12
• King was 14 years old• was Richelieu’s successor• Effects…– Ended 30 years– higher taxes
# 13• King of Spain Charles II died childless• Throne promised to Louis XIV’s grandson who was 16 years
old; Philip of Anjou (Philip V-King of Spain) • European nations didn’t want the French Bourbons to
have this much control…WAR• Treaty of Utrecht…– Philip V remained King of Spain– Great Britain took Gibraltar– France gave Great Britain Nova Scotia & Newfoundland– Austrian Hapsburgs took Spanish Netherlands & Spanish
lands in Italy– Prussia & Savoy were recognized as kingdom
# 14
• POSTITIVES - France ranked above all in art, literature, & statesmanship, military leader of Europe, strong American colonial empire
• NEGATIVES – constant wars, debt due to Versailles, resentment over taxes, abuse of power plagued his heirs – led to revolution
# 15• Causes…– Churches in Germany could be either Catholic or
Lutheran – NOT Calvinist – Ferdinand II closed Protestant churches in the Czech
kingdom of Bohemia & they revolted– German Protestant Princes also saw this as a chance to
go after the Catholic emperor Peace of Westphalia…
- Ended the 30 years war- France received German territory- German Princes became independent of the Holy Roman
emperor
# 16• Maria Theresa (Austrian Queen)– Alliance = Austria, France, & Russia
• Frederick II (Prussian King)– Alliance = Prussia & Britain
Outcome…– War didn’t change Europe’s borders– France lost colonies in North America– Britain gained sole domination of India
# 17• GOOD PERIOD, 1547 to 1560 –– Won great victories– Added lands to Russia– Gave Russia code of laws– Ruled justly
• BAD PERIOD - RULE BY TERROR, began in 1560 –– After Anastasia died; he accused Boyars of poisoning her– Organized his own police force who hunted down &
killed those Ivan thought were traitors; he then gave their land to other nobles
– Thousands were killed
# 18
• GOAL #1 – to learn about European customs & manufacturing techniques. To Westernize Russia
• To achieve goal he…– Introduced potatoes– Started 1st Russian newspaper– Women were allowed to attend social gatherings– Nobles had to give up their traditional clothing for
Western European fashions– Education:
• School of Navigation• Schools for art & science
# 18
• GOAL #2 – To have a seaport that would make it easier to travel west.
– Fought Sweden 21 years to gain a piece of the Baltic coast
– Built a new city on swampy land – Named it St. Petersburg after his patron saint– After completed, nobles were forced from their
homes to make new ones in the new capital
# 19• Charles tried to arrest Parliament leaders because he needed money
wouldn’t give it to him & tried to limit his power• but they escaped
• War between Charles I & his supporters (The Royalist/Cavaliers) vs. opponents of King Charles I (Puritan supporters of Parliament/Roundheads)
• Charles I was put on trial for treason against Parliament – He was found guilty – Sentenced to death by public beheading
• Never before had a reigning monarch faced a public trial and execution
# 20 • abolished monarch• House of Lords and established a commonwealth;
republican form of gov’t • became a military dictator• uprising in Ireland, seized lands & homes and then
gave them to English soldiers• Created laws that promoted Puritan morality &
abolished “sinful” activities…– Theater, Sporting Events, & Dancing
• Had religious toleration for all Christians with the exception of Catholics
# 21
• habeas corpus – “to have the body”– Gave every prisoner the right to obtain a writ or
document ordering that they be brought before a judge to specify charges
– Now a monarch couldn’t put people in jail just because
# 22• Offended subjects b/c of his Catholic beliefs – Heirs – • Mary, that was protestant• Had a son who was Catholic
• Parliament didn’t want a Catholic monarchy & convinced Mary and her husband William of Orange (prince of Netherlands) to overthrow her father, James II
• James II fled to France
• Glorious Revolution – bloodless overthrow