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John W. Allen ไดเขามาสํารวจเห็ดเมา Psilocybe sp. ในประเทศไทย พ.ศ. 2513 –2536 จนกระทั่งปจจุบัน เขาพบเห็ดสกุล Psilocybe 4 สกุล คือ P. cubensis,P. subcubensis, P. cyanescens และ P. samvieusis และอีกสกุลหน่ึงคือ Copelandia sp. ซ่ึงมีลักษณะสําคัญที่ควรรูจักดังน้ี
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1. P. cubensis บางครั้งมีชื่อวา Golden top (เห็ดขี้ควาย)
CAP : White to pallid yellow, staining blue. GILLS : Gray to black with age, edges white. STEM : White, hollow in age, straight with purple black ring. HABITAT : Manure and compost. SEASON : Spring to winter. DOSAGE : 1 to 20 shrooms, 2 oz. wet, 3 ½ grams dry. COMMENT : Found in Southeast U.S.A. Not used in Indian ceremonies. Worldwide.
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2. PSILOCYBE CYANESCENS
CAP : Orange to yellow, tan when dry, conic to flat wavy with age GILLS : Smokey redish brown STEM : White, hollow, bluing when bruised HABITAT : Bark mulch, lawns, and wooded areas SEASON : October through December DOSAGE : 1 large shroom, 1/5 oz. wet, 1/4 gram dry COMMENT : Very potent. If the shroom is cut at the base of the stem, it will fruit again during the season. Pulling it out of the ground only shatters the mycelliuns nervous system.
3. PSILOCYBE PELLICULOSA (var pelliculosa)
CAP : Bluntly cone shaped, yellow brown to olive, margin striate GILLS : Close, dull cinnamon brown, edges white STEM : White to gray brown, with silky fibers, hollow HABITAT : Logging sides, wooded areas, roadside mulch, sometimes pastures SEASON : October through December DOSAGE : 60 shrooms, 1¼ oz. wet, 1½ grams dry COMMENT : Found in man-made environment
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4. PSILOCYBE SEMILANCEATA
CAP : Orange to yellow, tan when dry, conic to flat wavy with age GILLS : Smokey redish brown STEM : White, hollow, bluing when bruised HABITAT : Bark mulch, lawns, and wooded areas SEASON : October through December DOSAGE : 1 large shroom, 1/5 oz. wet, 1/4 gram dry COMMENT: These Liberty Caps were photographed in a sheep farm in Veneta, Oregon.
5. PSILOCYBE SILVATICA
CAP : Dark olive brown, conic, with protrude, straite margin. GILLS : Rusty brown with white edges. STEM : Yellow to brown, slender with tough pith, bluing in cap. HABITAT : Rain forest, wooded areas and decaying debris. SEASON : October through December DOSAGE : 40 shrooms, 1 oz. wet, 1 ¼ grams dry. COMMENT : First found in Northeast U.S.A. Now in Pacific Northwest. Best to make a tea for this one. Very Gritty
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6. PSILOCYBE STUNTZII
CAP : Brown to buff, margin incurved and striate conic to flat GILLS : Spaced, chocolate brown with white edges STEM : Yellow brown, hollow, fibrous with ring staining blue HABITAT : Pastures, lawn and bark mulch SEASON : July through December DOSAGE : 20-60 shrooms, 3/4 oz wet, 1 gram dry COMMENT : Observe the purple brown spore on center shroom. Psilocybe stain blue when damaged and DO NOT turn purple as some people imagine
7. Psilocybe Cubensis PESA
Great performer Very dense fruits and nippled caps. Dark blue when cut. Aggressive rizomorphic mycelium. Performs well in cool temps as well as in warm temps.Llove to get cold shocked before fruiting. Veil completely breaks away from cap, produces dark print.
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8. THE " ORISSA INDIA "
Here is a strain that can be found in India. This is beyond any doubt the biggest mushroom you will ever see. They can easily grow to enormous sizes; we have seen some caps as big as dinner plates. This strain was discovered by no one less than the legendary cubensis expert John Allen. It doesn't grow very quickly however. Besides that the flush will be quite little. The size of the mushroom will compensate that, that's guaranteed. Substrate: compost, grain, pasteurized dung & straw. Temperature during colonization: 28-30 C.
Strain Origin: Unknown, Psilocybe cubensis is not documented to be present in Hawaii. PES stock (Pacific Exotica Spora)
Cap: 25-75 mm in diameter, convex to broadly convex to plane at maturity. Reddish cinnamon brown maturing to golden brown to light yellow. Surface dry with often-persistent remnants of universal veil on cap (spots). Flesh white soon bruising bluish green.
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Stem: 125-175 mm in length, yellowish. Flesh bruising bluish green where injured. Persistent membranous annulus (ring) from partial veil that becomes dusted with purple brown spores at maturity.
Gills: Attachment adnate to adnexed. Grayish coloration in young fruit bodies becoming nearly black in maturity.
Spores: Dark purplish brown, subellipsoid on 4-spored basidia
* Spores intended for microscopy and taxonomy purposes only. Images provided for informational and educational reference only and originate from cultivators and labs outside the US. Cultivation of this species is illegal in many countries including the United States. Please check your local regulations.
10. Psilocybe Azurescens
The Psilocybe azurescens mushroom is known to be the most potent type of mushrooms in the world. Unlike most mushrooms that are grown inside, this mushroom is excellent for outdoor cultivation. It grows excellent on woodchips. In the north-western parts of Europe the best time to start cultivating outside is in spring. In southern Europe, with a warmer climate, the best time to start cultivating is in September-December .
Origin: Presumably near Astoria, Oregon (USA)
Spores for the Astoria Ossip strain of Psilocybe azurescens were originally harvested from wild in 1995. It was originally thought to be Psilocybe cyanescens by it's original collectors but after careful observation and study, it was reclassified (we think correctly) as P. azurescens.
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From the archives at the Lycaeum :
Psilocybe cyanescens (ed. azurescens) Astoria Ossip made its way to Europe from the northern U.S., but may well have originated elsewhere, even -as a mycologist pointed out- from (sub)tropical mountain areas. Like Psilocybe cyanescens (Wakefield), the "Wavy Cap" known from Britain and US., it needs a few weeks of cold (near freezing weather for fruiting), and seems to feed on any kind of wood, cardboard or similar. Mycelium and fruiting bodies are strongly bluing and the latter have an entheogenic potency, which was described as 'at least twice that of Ps. cub.' and 'not weaker than Ps. semilanc.' after comparisons with dried and weighed samples. The caps of Ps. cy. A. O., which easily grow bigger than 3" in dia, are often distinctly umbonate and rarely wavy, and there is other hints, that it may just as well be a species closely related to, but not identical with Psilocybe cyanescens."
The prints offered from this species are collected from outside beds. Prints provided come in a range of sizes from 1 inch to well over 2 inches in diameter. Regardless of size, all prints come from the same cloned parent mycelium and are identical. Expect medium to heavy spore deposits
11. Psilocybe Baeocystis Bottle Cap
Origin : Costal Oregon, USA
* Spores intended for microscopy and taxonomy purposes only. Images provided for informational and educational reference only and originate from cultivators and labs outside the US. Cultivation of this species is illegal in many countries including the United States. Please check your local regulations.
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12. Psilocybe Bohemica
13. Psilocybe Cubensis Ecuador
This is a strain from the Ecuadorian mountains. The spores were collected from a mushroom that grew over 3500 feet. This strain of cubensis is one of the most popular cubensis strains for home cultivation. Growing them is not difficult and first flushes are often extremely good. It's not an exceptionally fast colonizer, but it fruits very easily and abundantly. On top of that the effect of the mushroom can be very strong. We advise this strain to beginning cultivators. Cold shock?: no Substrate: Compost, grain, pasteurized dung & straw Temperature during colonization: 28-30 C Temperature during cropping: 22 – 26 C
Cap: 50-75 mm in diameter, convex to broadly convex to plane with obtuse umbo at maturity. Dark reddish cinnamon brown maturing to golden brown. Surface dry with pronounced and persistent remnants of universal veil on cap (spots). Flesh white soon bruising bluish green.
Stem: 200+ mm in length, pale yellowish to buff. Flesh bruising bluish green where injured. Persistent membranous annulus (ring) from partial veil that becomes dusted with purple brown spores at maturity.
Gills: Attachment adnate to adnexed. Grayish coloration in young fruit bodies becoming nearly black in maturity.
Spores: Dark purplish brown, subellipsoid on 4-spored basidia.
14. Psilocybe Cubensis Huautla
This is a popular strain that is also interesting because of its origins. It has been collected in Huautla de Jimenez, Mexico, the hometown of the well-known mushroom shaman Maria Sabina. Celebrities Bob Dylan, John Lennon and many more made a pilgrimage to this little village to experience a ritual with Maria Sabina. Maria Sabina died in 1985 and has been a legend in Mexico ever since. This mushroom is very tall and thin and it has a very beautiful, unique shaped cap. Cold shock?: yes. Substrate: Compost, grain, pasteurized dung & straw. Temperature during colonization: 28-30 C. Temperature during cropping: 22 – 26 C.
Cap: 50 mm in diameter, obtusely conic to hemispheric. Yellowish brown maturing to light yellow. Surface dry with few remnants of universal veil on cap (spots). Flesh white soon bruising bluish green.
Stem: 150-275 mm in length, yellowish. Flesh bruising bluish green where injured. Persistent membranous annulus (ring) from partial veil that becomes dusted with purple brown spores at maturity.
Gills: Attachment adnate to adnexed. Grayish coloration in young fruit bodies becoming nearly black in maturity.
Spores: Dark purplish brown, subellipsoid on 4-spored basidia
The Huautla strain of Psilocybe cubensis is a recent collection from the wilds of southern Mexico in the region of Oaxaca near the village of Huautla de Jimenez. Huautla de Jimenez has gained notoriety as the hometown of mushroom shaman Maria Sabina.
In 1954 Gordon Wasson and Allan Richardson became the first Caucasians to participate in a mushroom ceremony, conducted under the guidance of Maria Sabina near the village of Huautla de Jimenez. Wasson and Richardson each consumed specimens of Psilocybe caerulescens var. mazatecorum.
Our good friend Club99 recently collected the Huautla variety of P. cubensis from this historically rich region. Many months of isolation by our European research associates have resulted in the culture pictured.
15. Psilocybe Cubensis Mazatapec Mexica
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This is one of the finer strains from Mexico, and easy to cultivate. It's a good strain to start withr. The size of the mushroom is average, and the cap is particularly unique shaped. It won't open very quickly though, only at the very last moment. Substrate: compost, grain, pasteurized dung & straw. Temperature during colonization: 28-30 °C. Temperature during cropping: 22 – 26 °C.
Cap: 50+ mm in diameter, convex to broadly convex at maturity occasionally with acute umbo. Dark cinnamon brown maturing to golden brown. Surface dry lacking remnants of universal veil on cap (spots). Flesh white soon bruising bluish green.
Stem: 75-125 mm in length, yellowish to buff. Flesh bruising bluish green where injured. Persistent membranous annulus (ring) from partial veil that becomes dusted with purple brown spores at maturity.
Gills: Attachment adnate to adnexed. Grayish coloration in young fruit bodies becoming nearly black in maturity.
Spores: Dark purplish brown, subellipsoid on 4-spored basidia
Strain Origin: Nepal, Chitwan. Original collection material was obtained by Baerbel in the village of Sauraha near the Chitwan Jungle of Nepal. Three specimens were located in otherwise dry climate conditions (three months after typical mushroom seasons), and shaded by a nearby tree. Specimens picked from what appeared to be either elephant or rhino dung. Original sample specimen pictures below and right.
Cap: 20-70 mm in diameter, hemispheric expanding to nearly plane with age. Golden brown maturing to light brown. Fine fibrillose veil remnants when young that soon mostly disappear. Flesh yellowish white soon bruising bluish green.
Stem: 150-200+ mm in length. Typically equal, sometimes slightly enlarged at base. Yellowish to buff with a reflective sheen, bruising bluish, semi hollow with remains of the partial veil.
Gills: Attachment adnate to adnexed. Yellowish coloration in young fruit bodies becoming darker in maturity. Remains of the partial veil attached at the outer circumference of the cap.
Spores: Dark purplish brown, subellipsoid on 4-spored basidia
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17. Psilocybe Cubensis Plantasia
18. " Psilocybe Cubensis Transkei "
This mushroom was discovered pretty recently (2002) in Transkei, South Africa. It's the first hallucinogenic mushroom that comes from the African continent, as far as we know. The mushroom is average-sized and has one important detail: this mushroom will, most likely, overtake the casing layer. A cold shock does not seem to have any effect on this. When you place them in fruiting conditions, the casing layer will be completely covered by white mycelium very quickly. It will still produce a nice amount of mushrooms though. Substrate: compost, grain, pasteurized dung & straw Temperature during colonization: 28-30 C Temperature during cropping: 22-26 C
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19. " Psilocybe Cubensis Amazonian "
This strain comes all the way from the Amazon. It's a big and fleshy mushroom which can produce very nice flushes. This is one of the strains that is recommended to starting cultivators. There will not be many mushrooms, but that will be completely compensated by the size of them. Cold shock?: yes. Substrate: Compost, grain, pasteurized dung & straw. Temperature during colonization: 28-30 C. Temperature during cropping: 22-25 C.
Strain Origin: Unclear, possibly the Amazon as the name suggests. PES stock (Pacific Exotica Spora)
Cap: 25-50+ mm in diameter, convex to broadly convex to plane at maturity often with persistent acute umbo (nipple). Reddish cinnamon brown maturing to golden brown to light yellow with nearly white edges. Surface dry lacking remnants of universal veil on cap (spots). Flesh white soon bruising bluish green.
Stem: 150+ mm in length, yellowish. Flesh bruising bluish green where injured. Persistent membranous annulus (ring) from partial veil that becomes dusted with purple brown spores at maturity.
Gills: Attachment adnate to adnexed. Grayish coloration in young fruit bodies becoming nearly black in maturity.
Spores: Dark purplish brown, subellipsoid on 4-spored basidia
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20. " Psilocybe Cubensis B+ "
B+ is a very-easy-to-cultivate strain. Ideal growing circumstances are best if you want to create really large mushrooms, especially a substrate that is rich of nutrients is important here. A really big caramel colored cap will be formed then. But, these shrooms will also grow quite well under mediocre conditions. When first introduced, many mycologists thought the B+ to actually be a completely different species: Psilocybe azurescens. This happens to be the granddaddy of all naturally occurring mushrooms from the Pacific Northwestern USA. Many of these mycologists stuck to their claims because they felt this mushroom, the "B+," was just as potent as any Psilocybe azurescens they had ever found in the wild! The B+ strain has since been correctly reclassified as Psilocybe cubensis. Amongst psychonauts these shrooms generate almost always positive feedback. Experienced shroomers consider the B+ strain a "stock" cubensis: one that is great for all situations and occasions. They caution not to eat too many until you have an idea how they effect your mind and bodily experience.
Cap: 25-75 mm in diameter, hemispheric to convex expanding to broadly convex to nearly plane with age. Dark red maturing to golden brown. Surface viscid with apparent gelatinous layer when very wet, soon smooth from drying. Fine fibrillose veil remnants when young that soon disappear. Flesh white soon bruising bluish green.
Stem: 150-200+ mm in length. Typically equal, sometimes slightly enlarged at base, sometimes contorted. Yellowish to buff with a reflective sheen, bruising bluish, hollow. Partial veil membranous leaving a persistent membranous annulus that is well dusted with purplish brown spores even before tearing away from the cap.
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Gills: Attachment adnate to adnexed. Grayish coloration in young fruit bodies becoming nearly black in maturity.
Spores: Dark purplish brown, subellipsoid, 13 by 8 micrometers on 4-spored basidia
Formerly misrepresented as Psilocybe azurescens.
Detail of separable gelatinous pellicle: This feature seems to be unique to the "B+" among cubensis. When young and fully hydrated the cap has a transparent amber colored layer of cells that quickly oxidizes upon removal to a more opaque blue gray color. The texture is like a thin stretchable layer of gelatin. Note the area where the pellicle has been removed is dull.
21. Psilocybe Cubensis Cambodian
22. Psilocybe Cubensis Colombian
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23. Psilocybe Cubensis Guadalajara mexico "
Origin: Between Guadalajara and Talpa, Mexico
This is the sacred Teonanacatl or God's Flesh in the Aztec language. Rediscovered by Roger Heim in 1956 and used by Dr. Albert Hoffman in the first isolation of psilocybin and psilocin.
Notes on this collection:
The Jalisco strain of P. mexicana was collected from wild specimens located between Guadalajara and Talpa, but the exact place is unknown. It is thought only to be a few miles west of Guadalajara. Specimen generously provided by flatalbert (many thanks!).
* Spores intended for microscopy and taxonomy purposes only. Images provided for informational and educational reference only and originate from cultivators and labs outside the US. Cultivation of this species is illegal in many countries including the United States. Please check your local regulations
24. Psilocybe Cubensis Mexican A strain "
A very rare strain of which no other varieties have been found in the wild yet. It grows easily, and stains a strong blue. Mushrooms are small but they come with many. They have an extreme point on the cap and you may get a lot of strange mutants from them. The cap seems to mutate very readily.
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Some mushrooms grow sideways. For growing this strain any untreated grass seed will be fine. Directly casing of grass seed is recommended. Mexicana needs more air exchanges than cubensis to develop normally.
25. Psilocybe Cubensis Thai "
This strain from Thailand is very suitable for beginners. The colonization speed is average and it fruits very easily. The mushrooms come in large quantities at once, and during later flushes they can become pretty big. Substrate: Compost, grain, pasteurized dung & straw. Temperature during colonization: 28-30 C. Temperature during cropping: 22-26 C.
26. Psilocybe Cubensis Thailand Koh Samui "
One of the more rare strains, coming from the Thai island Koh Samui which is enriched with a lot of vegetation and waterfalls. This strain was found by ethnomycologist John Allen. These spores fruit, grow and colonise fast. The mushrooms will not grow very tall, but do get quite thick. Thanks to this capacities the strain has lately gained an enormous popularity.
Strain Origin: Original specimen was collected from buffalo dung in an unplanted rice paddie outside the city of Yangoon, Burma. Original collection supplied via Mushroom John by way of a gift from a Thai student who spent time collecting mushroom samples around Yangoon (formaly Rangoon), Burma (now Myanmar)
Cap: 25-50+ mm in diameter, convex to broadly convex to plane at maturity. Reddish cinnamon brown maturing to golden brown to light yellow with nearly white edges. Surface dry lacking remnants of universal veil on cap (spots). Flesh white soon bruising bluish green.
Stem: 150+ mm in length, yellowish. Flesh bruising bluish green where injured. Persistent membranous annulus (ring) from partial veil that becomes dusted with purple brown spores at maturity.
Gills: Attachment adnate to adnexed. Grayish coloration in young fruit bodies becoming nearly black in maturity.
Spores: Dark purplish brown, subellipsoid on 4-spored basidia
27. Psilocybe Cubensis Thailand KS Lamai Beach "
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28. Psilocybe Cubensis Thailand Lipa Yai "
เอกสารอางอิง Lincoff. G.H. and P.M. Michell 1977. Toxin and Hallucinogenic Mushroom Poisoning, a
handbook for physicians and Mushroom Hunter. Van Nostrand & Reinhlod Co., New York
Miller. O.K., Mushrooms of North America. Dutton and Co., Inc. New York