1 A unified direct method for ratchet and fatigue analysis of structures subjected to arbitrary cyclic thermal-mechanical load histories Zhiyuan Ma 1 , Xiaoxiao Wang 1 , Haofeng Chen 1, 2* , Fu-Zhen Xuan 2 , Yinghua Liu 3 1 Department of Mechanical & Aerospace Engineering, University of Strathclyde, James Weir Building, 75 Montrose Street, Glasgow G1 1XJ, UK 2 Key Laboratory of Pressure Systems and Safety, Ministry of Education, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, P.R. China 3 Department of Engineering Mechanics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, P.R. China Abstract: In this paper, the distinction between material ratchetting and structural ratchetting is clarified, and the concept of constant life diagram is extended to depict low cycle fatigue life boundary in structural design. To provide a novel one-stop solution for structural fatigue and ratchetting problems, a Unified Procedure for Fatigue and Ratchet Analysis (UPFRA) has been proposed. The UPFRA has been successfully applied to two different engineering structures considering complex geometry and temperature-dependent material properties. By comparing the results with ABAQUS step-by-step inelastic analysis, the UPFRA has been verified to be a robust engineering tool with great accuracy, usability, and efficiency. Keywords: Ratchet; Low cycle fatigue; Direct methods; Linear Matching Method; Unified Procedure for Fatigue and Ratchet Analysis. Nomenclature Load ratio Body volume Body surface Thermal load Surface load * Corresponding author: Haofeng Chen Email: [email protected], Tel: +44(0)1415482036