A STUDY ON THE SOCIAL SECURITY OF ...apjor.com/ijrp/downloads/011020159.pdfNagapattinam district with special reference to "Unorganised Workers Social Security Act, 2008. SCOPE OF

International Journal of World Research, Vol: I Issue XX, August 2015, Print ISSN: 2347-937X

www.apjor.com Page 59

A STUDY ON THE SOCIAL SECURITY OF UNORGANIZED WORKERS IN NAGAPATTINAM

DISTRICT WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO "UNORGANISED WORKERS

SOCIAL SECURITY ACT, 2008"

Dr. G. RAJENDRAN

Associate Professor and Research Advisor, Head of Department of Commerce,

Poompuhar College (Autonomous) -Melaiyur-609 107

Mrs. S. HEMA

Ph.D., Research Scholar and Assistant Professor, Department of Commerce

Poompuhar College (Autonomous) -Melaiyur-609 107

ABSTRACT

The social security system needs to be effective and constructive and should have of more and more

coverage areas. The government should get the confidence of the working class to protect them from uncertain

contingencies so that they can happily contribute towards social security benefits. This article highlights A Study

on the social security of unorganized workers in Nagapattinam District with special Reference to "Unorganised

Workers Social Security Act, 2008"

KEY WORDS: Social Security Act 2008, Unorganized Workers, National Social Security Board, International

Social Security Association

INTRODUCTION

An Act of 33 of the year 2008 was enacted by the Parliament of India with the short title as „the

Unorganised Sector Workers‟ Social Security Act, 2008‟. This Central Government Act is provided with the

purpose and object of providing social security and welfare of the unorganized workers. The legislation was

assented by the President of India on 30th day of December 2008 and the provisions of this Act were extended to

the whole of Indian territories. The provisions of the Act are divided into six chapters containing several



provisions, and the first Chapter therein makes preliminary provisions including short titling, extension and

commencement of the Act.

The „Unorganised Workers‟ Social Security Act, 2008 also provides for constitution of National Social

Security Board which shall recommend social security schemes such as life and disability cover, health and

maternity benefits, old age protection and any other benefit as may be determined by the Government for

unorganized workers. The National Social Security Board was constituted vide Notification number S.O 2132

(E) dated 18.8.2009.

Unorganised Sector

"The unorganised sector” consists of all unincorporated private enterprises owned by individuals or

households engaged in the sale and production of goods and services operated on a proprietary or partnership

basis and with less than ten total workers".

Unorganised Workers

“Unorganized worker” means a home-based worker, self-employed worker or a wage worker in the

unorganized sector and includes a worker in the organized sector who is not covered by any Acts mentioned in

Schedule II of the Unorganized Workers Social security Act 2008. Unorganised worker” means a self-employed

worker or a wage worker in the unorganised sector and includes wage workers in the organised sector without

any social security cover.

Social Security Act

Social security may be defined as any programme of social protection established by legislation, or any

other mandatory arrangement, that provides individuals with a degree of income security when faced with the

contingencies of old age, survivorship, incapacity, disability, unemployment or rearing children. It may also

offer access to curative or preventive medical care. As defined by the International Social Security Association

(an international institution to promote dynamic social security), social security can include social insurance

programmes, social assistance programmes, universal programmes, mutual benefit schemes, national provident

funds, and other arrangements including market-oriented approaches that, in accordance with national law or

practice, form part of a country's social security system.

NEED FOR THE STUDY

Workers play an important role in the industrial production of the country. Hence, organizations have to

secure the cooperation of workers in order to increase the production and to earn higher profits. The cooperation

of workers is possible only when they are fully satisfied with their employer and the working conditions on the

job. In the past, industrialists and the employers believed that their only duty towards their workers was to pay

them satisfactory wages and salaries. In course of time, they realised that workers require something more

important. In addition to providing monetary benefits, human treatment given to workers plays a very important

role in seeking their sectors. The sectors having realised the importance of welfare and social security measures

introduced several welfare schemes for its workers and the families. For instance, the company provides

statutory welfare facilities like drinking water, conservancy, medical appliances, canteen, rest shelters, crèches

and the like. It also provides various non-statutory welfare facilities such as medical, education, recreation,

housing/quarters and so on. Further, it provides social security measures like provident fund, gratuity, pension,

dependent employment etc. In short, due to the welfare and social security measures provided by the company,

its workers have been working with involvement and commitment. Consequently, the performance of the

company is quite commendable. Against this background, a study has been undertaken on the research topic-A

Study on the Social Security of unorganized workers in Nagapattinam district with reference to unorganized

workers social security act 2008.



SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

The study is of great significance for it ascertains the opinions of workers on welfare and social security

measures in a private sector undertaking like unorganized workers. The assessment of workers welfare and social

security measures will be of immense help to the management of the company and also the government for the

formulation of sound employee oriented policies in future. Further, the study provides scope for implementing

changes in the policies relating to unorganized workers and social security measures. The study would be highly

helpful for further research in related areas of study on the social security of unorganised workers in

Nagapattinam district with special reference to "Unorganised Workers Social Security Act, 2008.

SCOPE OF THE STUDY

The present study is an attempt to make an enquiry into the various facets of employee welfare and social

security measures in unorganized workers Nagapattinam District, Tamilnadu. The scope of the present study is

both wide and narrow. It is wide because it covers almost all the components of welfare and social security

measures. The scope of the study could also be viewed as narrow for it covers only one unorganized sector. This

need not be a limitation of the study as an in-depth enquiry lends itself to incisive analysis and comprehensive

coverage to get better insight into the issue relating employee welfare and social security.

STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

As mentioned earlier, a large number of women are working in the informal sector. They face a number

of problems also. In India, the patriarchal society imposes a lot of restrictions on women. This causes less

freedom for women in the society and exploitation at the work place. Women face sexual harassment and the

pressures of the family responsibilities together at the work place. Street vendors usually face this problem. I will

behave men used to harass them by passing rude comments. Another major issue for the women vendors is the

absence of toilets near the work place. This will in turn lead to various diseases especially urinary infections.

Women domestic workers also face similar problems. They face sexual harassment and many a times their

working conditions are very bad. Migrant domestic workers face such difficulties in a more intense manner.

Sometimes the recruiting agents compel the women to misuse and various (sexual) problems. They are forced to

work for about 16 hours a day. Also they are paid very less and due to the lack of bargaining power, they are not

in a position to demand more. They are replaced frequently, in case of better wage demands, as they are in

surplus in the market.

Hence, the researcher has selected of study on the social security of unorganised workers in

Nagapattinam district with special reference to "Unorganised Workers Social Security Act, 2008, as his study

area. The statement of the problem is as under:

OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY

The main objective of the study is to inquire into the unorganized workers and social security measures

provided to workers and the specific objectives are as follows.

1. To study the review of previous literature related to unorganized sectors and social security act 2008.

2. To examine the employers‟ attitude so as to know whether the provision of welfare and social security

benefits of unorganized sectors in Nagapattinam district.

3. To analyse the opinions of workers about the provision of welfare and social security benefits and also to

know the adequacy of these facilities in Nagapattinam district.

4. To make appropriate and relevant recommendations for improving the social security benefits and

unorganized workers.



HYPOTHESES

Ho 1: There is no association between unorganised workers and social security on the basis of their in service

and after service benefits of the respondents.

Ho 2: There is no association between unorganised workers and social security on the basis of their

demographic profile of the respondents.

METHODOLOGY OF THE STUDY

The present study is a combination of historical and survey methods. The historical method is used in

tracing the genesis, policies and practices relating to the employers of unorganized sectors, the study in order to

explore and analyse the various welfare and social security benefits provided by the employer to its workers. In

the present study, social security of unorganized workers in Nagapattinam is taken as the unit of study and

almost all the facets of welfare and social security measures have been studied in depth. The collection of

opinions of workers and also employers constituted the survey method in the study.

Primary Data

The primary data were collected directly from the sample employers and workers through a well-devised

interview schedule. Primary data were collected from sample 1870 respondents from Nagapattinam district of

Tamil Nadu.

Secondary Data

The sources of secondary data are publications, various other unpublished works like Ph.D. Theses,

M.Phil, dissertations and other Research Reports, Books, Journal, articles research articles, magazines, reports,

newspapers and websites, for the collection of some source materials.

SELECTION OF SAMPLE PROCEDURES

As it was felt to take up a study on unorganised workers and social security benefits in unorganised

sectors, the investigator wrote to a number of unorganised sectors in Nagapattinam district. The unorganised

sectors include hotel, traders, transportation, rice mills, construction work, laundries, tailoring shop, handicraft

works and pot making works, barber shop and other business works in Nagapattinam district. The unorganised

sectors also permitted the researcher to elicit the views of employers and workers welfare and social security

measures in unorganised workers of Nagapattinam district. Hence, the study is confined finally to Nagapattinam

district (totally eight Taluks but only taken two Taluks namely Nagapattinam and Mayiladuthurai Taluks). An

1870 sample, which include 1648 workers and 222 employers have been chosen from the two interview schedule

of unorganised workers and social security using proportionate stratified random sampling method adapted. The

details of the sample distribution are shown in the Table 1.

Table 1: Selection of Sample Distribution

S. No

Name of the Taluks

Total

Employers

Total

Workers

Selection of Sample

30% Employers 30% Workers

1 Nagapattinam Taluk 322 2497 97 749

2 Mayiladuthurai Taluk 418 2995 125 899

Total 740 5492 222 1648

Source: Labour Office of Nagapattinam and Mayiladuthurai

STATISTICAL TOOLS USED

The following statistical techniques had been applied depending on the nature of data collected from the

respondents, Percentage analysis, Descriptive analysis; Chi-Square test, T-test and one way ANOVA. The

reliability and validity analysis of the data in this study was analysed using Statistical Package for Social



Sciences (SPSS v 20.0). For analyzing the data collected during the investigation, the following statistical values

were used according to the relevance of its application.

PRE TESTING

The pre testing was conducted among 10 from employers and another 40 from unorganized workers

(workers). The reliability of variables in each construct was confirmed through the pilot study. On the basis of

the result of pilot study, a certain modification in the statements or variables was made. The final schedule was

prepared for data collection. Accordingly, the interview schedule has been restructured and the final schedule

was prepared and approved by the research guide for conducting the field work.

PERIOD OF THE STUDY

The study covered only primary data is nine month from September 2014 and March 2015. This month is

normal for the purpose of analysis and evaluation.

ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION

Nature of trade of the worker is very significant one for the useful study. For the analysis purpose

business can be classified into twelve categories namely Hotel business, Traders, Home based works,

Transportation, Rice Mills, Construction, Laundries, Tailoring shop, Handicraft works, Pot Making works,

Barber shop and Others. It is presented in the following Table 2.

Table 2: Nature of Trade are Employed

Nature of Trade No. of Respondents Percentage

Workers of Hotel 151 9.16

Workers of traders 86 5.22

Worker in Home Based Works 141 8.56

Workers of transportation 98 5.95

Workers of Rice Mills 23 1.40

Workers of Construction 330 20.02

Workers of Laundries 31 1.88

Workers of Tailoring Shop 53 3.21

Workers of Handicraft Works 7 0.42

Workers of Pot Making Works 10 0.61

Workers of Barber Shop 43 2.61

Landless Agricultural Labourers 660 40.04

Other Business Works 15 0.92

Total 1648 100.00

Source: Primary data

The Table: 2 clearly indicates that most of the sample workers are employed in the landless agricultural

(workers) labourers which states 40.04 per cent and 20.02 per cent of them employed in workers of construction

which is next to the total. Among the sample workers 9.16 per cent of them worked in the hotels and 8.56 per

cent workers working in the home based workers. From the study of the table 5.95 per cent and 5.22 per cent of

the sample workers are employed transportation and traders respectively. Out of the sample 3.21 per cent of

sample workers are employed in the tailoring shops and 2.61 per cent are barber shop. The study indicates that



1.88 per cent of them are laundries and 1.40 per cent of workers are worked in the rice mills. Further the table

illustrates that 0.92 per cent of them worked other business works and rest of them employed pot making which

shows the 0.61 per cent and 0.42 per cent of them Handicraft worked at the least . It is concludes from the table

majority of the workers employed in the landless agricultural (workers) labourers.

Nature of the Work of the Respondents

Nature of work of the respondents is essential one because based on that analyses income level and their

standard of living also determines in the effective manner. Nature of the work can be classified into eleven

categories such as Accountant, Server, sales man, driver, mason, helper, manual work, barber, pot maker, washer

man, and fitter.

Table 3: Nature of the Work of the Respondents

Nature of Work No. of Respondents Percentage

Accountant 247 14.99

Server 82 4.98

Sales man 41 2.49

Driver 206 12.50

Mason 123 7.46

Helper 330 20.02

Manual workers 371 22.51 Barber 82 4.98

Pot maker 41 2.49

Washer man 83 5.04

Fitter 42 2.55

Total 1648 100.00


It is clear from the Table: 3 that 22.51 per cent of the workers are working in the manual worker and

20.02 per cent of them worked as a helper. In order to find out the study 14.99 per cent of the workers worked as

a accountant and 12.50 per cent of them working as a driver. Out of the total 7.46 per cent shows mason and 5.04

per cent and 4.98 per cent of them working as washer man and barber respectively. Among the study 2.55 per

cent of sample worker worked in the field of fitter and 2.49 per cent workers show pot makers and salesman in

the unorganized sectors.

Period of service of the Respondents

The service of the respondents indicates the number of years the respondents have been working in the

unorganized sectors. Experience is an important factor in analyzing and in signifying the actions of opinion of

the workers. The present study gives weightage to the experience of the workers. They are classified according

to their level of experience below three years, 3 to 5 years, 5 to 8 years and above 8 years. The distribution of the

respondents on the basis of experience is presented in Table 4.

Table 4: Period of Service of the Respondents Period of Service No. of Respondents Percentage

Below 3 years 330 20.02 3 years -5 years 742 45.02 5 years -8 years 412 25.00 Above 8 years 164 9.95

Total 1648 100.00




It is observed from the Table: 4 that 742 (45.02 per cent) of the total respondents have 3-5 years

experiences in the working of unorganized sectors. From the study 412 (25.00 per cent) of the respondents

working in the unorganized sectors shows 5-8 years experience and 330 (20.02 per cent) of them below three

working below three years. Only 164 (9.95 per cent) of the sample workers worked in above 8 years. As

majority of respondents (742) have 3-5 years of experience and opinion expressed by them will be worth for the

study.

Duration of working hours of the Respondents

Generally duration of working hours of the respondents is important one because it determines workers‟

efficiency in their work. The analysis is made to know the actual working hours of the workers in the

unorganized sectors. The working hours can be framed in to 8 hours, 9 hours and 10 hours above 10 hours.

Table 5: Duration of Working Hours of the Respondents

Working Hours No. of Respondents Percentage

8 Hours 289 17.54

9 Hours 501 30.40

10 Hours 493 29.92

Above 10 Hours 365 22.15

Total 1648 100.00


It is clear from the Table: 5 that majority of the sample workers working 9 hours in the unorganized

sectors which is 30.40 per cent. Among the total 29.92 per cent of the respondents worked 10 hours in the

organization and 22.15 per cent of them working above 10 years. Out of the total only 17.54 per cent of the

respondents worked 8 hours.

Shift basis of the Respondents

Shift basis of the works may be reducing the stress of the workers. Further study can be made to identify

whether the unorganized sector workers worked any shift basis or not.

Table 6: Shift basis of the Respondents

Shift Basis No. of Respondents Percentage

Yes 741 44.96

No 907 55.04

Total 1648 100.00


The Table: 6 discloses that most of the sample workers of unorganized sectors agreed that they are not

worked any shift basis which indicates 55.04 per cent and rest of them working shift basis which is 44.96 per

cent.

Shift time of the Respondents

The above study give details about the workers worked in the shift basis. So an attempt is made to know

the number of sample respondents who are mainly worked shift basis in the unorganized sectors. For the

effective the shift of works categorize into morning shift, day shift, and night shift.



Table 7: Shift Time of the Respondents

Shift Time No. of Respondents Percentage

Morning Shift 165 22.27

Day Shift 329 44.40

Night Shift 247 33.33

Total 741 100.00


From the Table: 7 shows that come to know that 329 (44.40 per cent) of the sample respondents are

working day shifts in the unorganized sectors. Out of the total 33.33 per cent of them worked in night shift basis

and remaining 165 (22.27 per cent) worked morning shift.

Overtime Work of the Respondents

It is found nowadays that overtime work in the organization is carried on as an extra income earning

activity for the workers. The following table will help to find the results about that whether the workers worked

in the unorganized sectors on overtime or not.

Table 8: Overtime Work of the Respondents

Overtime Work No. of Respondents Percentage

Yes 907 55.04

No 741 44.96

Total 1648 100.00


The Table: 8 shows that majority of the sample unorganized sector workers worked overtime which is

55.04 per cent and rest of them not worked overtime which shows 44.96 per cent.

Number of Hours of Overtime per day

Further study can be conducted to find the results that number of hours worked by the workers on

overtime in the unorganized sectors. The overtime hours are framed to three hours, four hours and above four

hours. It is presented in the following table 9.

Table 9: Number of Hours of Overtime per day

Overtime Work No. of Respondents Percentage

3 Hours 414 45.64

4 Hours 370 40.79

Above 4 Hours 123 13.56

Total 907 100.00


The Table: 9 shows overtime works given by the employers of unorganized sectors to their workers that

at least three hours which is 45.64 per cent and 40.79 per cent of them worked four hours. Out of the total only

13.56 per cent of the workers worked above four hours. It is conclude from the study that overtime of four hours

gives extra income to the workers but it also gives restless to the workers.

Part-time basis of Works

The unorganized sectors may allow working on part-time basis. Sometimes it will give advantage to the

workers because they may work other sectors. So analysis is taken whether the workers worked on part-time

basis of not.



Table 10: Part-time basis of Works

Part-time No. of Respondents Percentage

Yes 597 36.23

No 1051 63.77

Total 1648 100.00


It is clear from the Table: 10 shows that majority of the workers agreed that they are not working part-

time basis in the unorganized sectors which shows 1051 (63.77 per cent) and remaining of the total shows 597

(36.23 per cent).

UNORGANISED WORKERS AND SOCIAL SECURITY ACT 2008

A further low skill level of this workforce provides little scope for them to move upright in the working

steps to develop their financial condition. The growth of informal, vulnerable work with decrease formal

employment compels the workers to tolerate an increasing direct burden of financing social needs, with adverse

effects on their quality of life. That burden may also undermine the capacity of enterprises to compete with

global economy. In order to make better employment opportunities at State level, the Government has launched a

number of schemes.

Social Security Received from the Workers

The unorganized nature of the workforce, dispersed nature of operational processes and lack of

institutional back up reduce their bargaining power and their ability to take full benefits from the Acts and

legislations enacted for their benefits. Generally any social security received from the employer will help to the

workers in future. The following table presented regarding social security of the workers.

Table 11: Receive any Social Security from the Workers

Social Security No. of Respondents Percentage

Yes 1153 69.96

No 495 30.04

Total 1648 100.00


From the Table: 11 most of the respondents of unorganized sector workers received at least one social

security from the employer which is represented in the analysis is 69.96 per cent and residual of the workers do

not get any social security sachem from the employer which is 30.04 per cent. In this way of analysis all the

employers are advised to give any social security to their workers which are help to them in future.

Type of Social Security received from the Workers

The above study facilitates to find the response of the unorganized sector workers regarding social

security. Further analysis is made to get the result of social security received from the employer which is in

service benefits or after service benefits.

Table 12: Type of Social Security received from the Workers

Type of Social Security No. of Respondents Percentage

In Service Benefits 824 71.47

After Service Benefits 329 28.53

Total 1153 100.00




It is clear from the Table: 12 shows that majority of the sample respondents among all the categories get

the benefits from their employer in service benefits, it reflects 71.47 per cent and only 28.53 per cent of the

workers get such benefits from the employers is after service.

Table 13: Unorganised workers and social security on the basis of their in service and after service

benefits of the respondents

Service

benefits

Nature of Benefits

Total Life and

Disability

Covered

Health and

Maternity

Benefits

Cash

loan

Benefits

Family

Welfare

Child

Education

Housing

Facility

Accident

Insurance

Covered

In

Service

Benefits

127 93 80 68 238 75 143 824

After

Service

Benefits

51 56 46 31 63 26 56 329

Total 178 149 126 99 301 101 199 1153


Calculated chi-square value Degrees of freedom P Value

38.36 6 0.0001

Source: Computed from Primary data

Ho 1: There is no association between unorganised workers and social security on the basis of their in service

and after service benefits of the respondents.

The Table: 13 show the unorganised workers and social security on the basis of their in service and after

service benefits of the respondents. The calculated chi-square value (38.36) is also proved that, which is

significant at 1% level. Hence the stated hypothesis is rejected.

Nature of Benefits

The previous table gives details about the benefits received by the workers from his employer whether it

is an in service benefits or after service benefits. Again the useful study has been taken that nature of benefits

received from the employer. It is discloses in the following table 14.

Table 14: Nature of Benefits of Respondents

Nature of Benefits No. of Respondents Percentage

Life and Disability Covered 178 15.43

Health and Maternity Benefits 149 12.92

Cash loan Benefits 126 10.93

Family Welfare 99 8.59

Child Education 301 26.12

Housing Facility 101 8.76

Accident Insurance Covered 199 17.26

Total 1153 100.00


It is observable from the Table: 14 reveals that employers are provides child education benefits to their

workers which shows 26.12 per cent and 17.26 per cent of the workers get the benefits of Accident Insurance.



From the analysis 15.43 per cent of them get life and disability cover and 12.92 per cent get health and maternity

benefits. Family welfare and housing facility gives by the employer which is 8.76 per cent respectively and only

8.59 per cent of the workers get cash loan facilities from the employers.

Chi-Square Test- (Unorganised Workers and Social Security Act)

The following nature of benefits are received from Unorganised Workers and Social Security Act

connected from demographic profile namely sex, age, marital status, literacy level, monthly income, size of

family members, nature of family, period of service and duration of working hours.

Table 15: Unorganised workers and social security on the basis of their sex of the respondents

Sex

Nature of Benefits

Total Life and

Disability

Covered

Health and

Maternity

Benefits

Cash

loan

Benefits

Family

Welfare

Child

Education

Housing

Facility

Accident

Insurance

Covered

Male 118 97 89 78 194 72 116 764

Female 60 52 37 21 107 29 83 389

Total 178 149 126 99 301 101 199 1153



15.35 6 0.0177


Ho 1: There is no association between unorganised workers and social security on the basis of their demographic

profile of the respondents.

The Table: 15 shows that unorganised workers and social security on the basis of their sex of the

respondents. The calculated chi-square value (15.35) is also proved that, which is significant at 5% level. Hence

the stated hypothesis is rejected.

Table 16: Unorganised workers and social security on the basis of their age of the respondents

Age

Nature of Benefits

Total Life and

Disability

Covered

Health and

Maternity

Benefits

Cash

loan

Benefits

Family

Welfare

Child

Education

Housing

Facility

Accident

Insurance

Covered

Up to 25

years 35 36 19 22 39 15 32 198

26 – 40

Years 16 50 42 23 146 24 102 403

41 - 55

Years 108 34 28 34 82 28 36 350

Above

55 Years 19 29 37 20 34 34 29 202

Total 178 149 126 99 301 101 199 1153





192.5 18 0.0001


Ho 1(a): There is no association between unorganised workers and social security on the basis of their age of

the respondents.

The Table: 16 shows that unorganised workers and social security on the basis of their age of the

respondents. The calculated chi-square value (192.5) is also proved that, which is significant at 1% level. Hence

the stated hypothesis is rejected.

Table 17: Unorganised workers and social security on the basis of their marital status of the respondents

Marital

status

Nature of Benefits

Total Life and

Disability

Covered

Health and

Maternity

Benefits

Cash

loan

Benefits

Family

Welfare

Child

Education

Housing

Facility

Accident

Insurance

Covered

Married 104 82 80 68 188 75 93 690

Single 74 67 46 31 113 26 106 463

Total 178 149 126 99 301 101 199 1153



29.32 6 0.0001


Ho1(b): There is no association between unorganised workers and social security on the basis of their marital

status of the respondents.

The Table18: shows that unorganised workers and social security on the basis of their marital status of

the respondents. The calculated chi-square value (29.32) is also proved that, which is significant at 1% level.

Hence the stated hypothesis is rejected.

FINDINGS AND DISCUSSION

Among 222 sample unorganized sector employers, 174 (78.38 per cent) are male and 48 (21.62 per cent)

are females.

Majority of the firms having two partners which is 33.33 per cent and 29.03 per cent of the firms having

three partners. Out of the sample 19.35 per cent of the firms contain one partner and rest of them having

above three partners which shows 18.28 per cent. It concludes from the analysis most of the firms having

two partners.

Majority of the sample unorganized sectors are not having the branches which is 64.86 per cent and rest

of them having branches which shows 35.14 per cent.

Majority of the sample unorganized sectors owned three branches which shows 34.62 per cent and 28.21

per cent having two branches. Out of the sample 21.79 per cent owned four branches and remaining of

them having above four branches which show 15.38 per cent.

Most of the sample unorganized sectors not owned branches in the same town which indicates 56.41 per

cent and rest of them having branches in the same town which is 43.59 per cent.



Majority of the employers agreed that they are provide social security scheme for their workers shows

55.41 per cent and 44.59 per cent of employers not provide any security scheme to its workers.

Service benefits shows 78.05 per cent and 21.95 per cent of the organizations give after service benefits.

The analysis result has find out that workers contribution shows 53.94 per cent and 47.06 per cent of the

organizations paid the premium.

The salary for the medical insurance premium which indicates 62.50 per cent and rest of them agreed that

they deducted from the salary which is 37.50 per cent.

CONCLUSION

The present study concluded that the organized efforts are necessary for the welfare of unorganised

workers class. They are the most vulnerable and deprived section of the society in the need of protection,

security, benefits and assistance. A lot of weakness has been found relating the proper implementation,

inadequacy of benefits, long procedure of assigning benefits and the like. Obviously such factors create great

hurdles in the proper execution of social security measures and are also responsible for the limited utilization of

the social security legislation which hit the basic aim and objectives of the social security. The social security

system needs to be effective and constructive and should have of more and more coverage areas. The

government should get the confidence of the working class to protect them from uncertain contingencies so that

they can happily contribute towards social security benefits.

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6. Manish K. Jha, “Food security in perspective: Significance of social action”, Community Development

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A STUDY ON THE SOCIAL SECURITY OF ...apjor.com/ijrp/downloads/011020159.pdfNagapattinam district with special reference to "Unorganised Workers Social Security Act, 2008. SCOPE OF

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