CHAPTER-1 INTRODUCTION AND DESIGN OF THE STUDY INTRODUCTION Stress is the debilitating effects caused by constant pressure both at work and home, are a modern phenomenon. However, stress, or at least temporary stress, is a very necessary part of our lives. One important function of short-term stress is to channel our resources to deal with challenging or even life threatening situations. Temporary stress, therefore, allows us an extra turn of speed in escaping Danger it increases the speed of our reactions when, for example, avoiding a Collision while driving, it recharges a mentally or physically exhausted body to cope with greater challenges, and boosts an athlete’s performance during an important event. In prehistoric times, this bodily reaction to stress was exactly what was needed. This is 1
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CHAPTER-1
INTRODUCTION AND DESIGN OF THE STUDY
INTRODUCTION
Stress is the debilitating effects caused by constant pressure both at
work and home, are a modern phenomenon. However, stress, or at least
temporary stress, is a very necessary part of our lives. One important
function of short-term stress is to channel our resources to deal with
challenging or even life threatening situations.
Temporary stress, therefore, allows us an extra turn of speed in
escaping Danger it increases the speed of our reactions when, for example,
avoiding a Collision while driving, it recharges a mentally or physically
exhausted body to cope with greater challenges, and boosts an athlete’s
performance during an important event.
In prehistoric times, this bodily reaction to stress was exactly what
was needed. This is attributed to physiological changes that occurred to the
body when danger appeared. Chemicals, especially adrenalin, were released
into body and prepared it for fight or flight. The heart beat faster; blood
supply was transferred from the non-essential to the essential; from the skin
and digestive organs to the muscles and the head. The resulted both in clear,
Swifter thinking and faster, stronger muscular responses.
The lungs took in more oxygen, breathing became more, and the
body anticipated keeping cool increasing perspiration. Once the danger had
passed or fighting or fleeding had occurred (successfully!), the bodily 1
functions reverted to normal. In prehistoric times, these bodily responses
were vital for survival. Then the energy generated by stress was utilized in
physical action.
2
Today, however, the problems and stress that we experience have
changed radically and can rarely be resolved with physical action. We are
not designed to operate effectively in this hi-tech world. Hunting for food is
how replaced by jostling with our trolleys in supermarkets!
Psychological stresses lead to the same bodily state of arousal as
does fight and flight, but mostly without any accompanying physical activity
to use adrenalin and energy made available. When this stress is prolonged,
physical and mental damage will occur, sometimes resulting in serious
disease.
STUDY OF THE STRESS
Study and stress are closely related. In normal condition, stress
comes from school work, homework or from revising, also stress comes
from examinations, tests, you can’t control your mood in the student life, the
you will waste more effort in studying.
1. Sleeping
Anyone over the age of eighteen needs to sleep about 8 hour’s at
night. But many pupils have a very bad habit-they like to work on a certain
project or revise their homework overnight until the early morning, where
they found occasional pleasure. But this will affect their performance
tomorrow. As a good student, I think they should go to sleep at eleven and
wake up at seven so that they can work long enough for their work and on
the hands it can keep you at top state and so you can have better
performance in examinations or at school, so you can have your lesson
concentrated or get a god result.3
Of course, this kind of time management need a good planning and
well organized. But it is worth\ to do so. And you should know that you
should have a time table to guide your tasks.
2. Relax
It is better to relax yourself after a period of studying. Like a short
walk in fresh air as refreshment. Also using a hot drink can help you to
relax.
Study of the stress dangerous
Stress can be fatal. Let me give an example, the sport man broke their
record not on the quiet training tracks, but on the competition. Stresses in
competition is great, it comes from crowd, friends, trainers of your team,
media, and most important, you yourself. You want to gather prize from
competition so you get the stress, and at the same time stress makes you to
fight in competition, boost up yourself, because you want to have the joy
and happiness from the time to win. So it is clear to see that stress is
essential for people to do better.
But the ‘level’ of stress each people can suffer is different. Too much
stress is very dangerous.
Additional stress will become the barrier to success, worrying
about something that is useless, for example, when you taking exam, you
may be affected By stress and you become lost confidence and can’t
concentrate.
4
But too little stress is also disastrous. If you do not have force
comes from your life, then you will not have interest in living due to little
changing, and you will feel life is boring and that comes to poor
performance.
So there is graph representing our stress against working performance, like
our body cells and enzymes, you yourself works effectively only in certain
stress range, too little stress comes to inability of your mind and works
poorly, and too much stress will make us ‘denatured’, that means we cannot
suffer the stress from work and instead, you will escape from reality.
Stress Management.
Provide stress management training and an employee assistance
program (EAP) important workers to cope with difficult work situations.
Nearly on-half of large companies in the United States provide so
management training for their
Workforces Stress management programs teach workers about the
nature and so effects of stress on health, and personal skills to reduce stress-
for example, time management or relaxation exe individual counseling for
employees with both work and personal problems. Stress management
training may rah symptoms such as anxiety and sleep disturbances; it also
has the advantage of being inexpensive and easy to it stress management
programs have two major disadvantages:
The beneficial effects on stress symptoms are often short-lived.
They often ignore important root causes of stress because they focus on
the worker and not the environment.5
Organization Change
Bring is consultant to recommend ways to improve working
conditions. This approach way to reduce stress at work. It involves the
identification of stressful aspects of work (e.g., excessive workload,
expectations) and the design of strategies to reduce or eliminate the
identified stressors.
The advantage of this a directory with the root causes of stress at
work. However, managers are sometimes uncomfortable with this approach
involve changes in work routines or production schedules, or changes in the
organizational structure.
Study of the Physical action on handle stress
Work for what you want
I think everyone should have something he/she’s interested, for
example, reading comics, watching TV, or just sports. These area
effective medicines for your stress!
Talk with others
Another effective method of solving stress is by social method- a
quite effective way. Anyone who has pressure or stress can talk freely with
their friends, don’t mind what you talk about, don’t mind who is chosen to
listen to you. Just say out can make you happen!
6
Sleeping
It’s from my own view that stress would be worsen if you do not have
enough sleep. A research founds that a person who do no sleep in last 24
hours will become less self control and more bad temper. So sleeping is
important
Instant method
Found that the method mentioned above needs a long time? There are
methods that can make you more comfortable! That is breathing.
OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY
To find out the various factors that influences stress among
employees.
To find the employers opinion towards the stress disorder
To find the employees opinion towards stress experienced in their job.
To study the impact or stress on employees.
To identify the appropriate copying strategies to overcome stress.
To offer recommendations to manage stress among employees of
”ICL”
SCOPE OF THE STUDY
The study of stress may prove to be a useful tool for understanding the
various problems associated with the progressive industrial unit or service
organization.
7
The study is able to bring ort the comparative structure of stress among
different working groups. So the study will help us to a large extent to
understand the logic behind the stress among workers, and also helps
to suggest some possible recommendation to reduce the problems of
stress in the appropriate field.
NEED FOR THE STUDY
The study which was undergone in INDIA CEMENT LIMITED. A
study on stress management of employees in the organizational has been
conducted to analyze what are the difficulties faced by them, how to very
come this in the future. The study helps to know is drawbacks and
suggestions.
Stress is an inevitable concomitant of organizational life. Its source in
an organizational I s tats or role related. The complex & dynamic
environment in which organizational have to exist adapt them selves and
grow, add to further stress at work.
As business environment and organizations grow competitive and
complex, stress at work is also bound to increase. Dr.Hans selye, one of the
prominent psychologists of the twentieth century undertook original break
through work in the understanding and defining of stress. Stress according to
him is the “single non specific reaction of the body to demand made upon
it”,
8
Stress is the psychological and physiological reaction that takes places
when once perceives an imbalance in the level of demand placed on the
capacity to meet that demand in individuals.
RESEARCH METHODOLOGIES
NATURE OF STUDY
The present study is designed as a descriptive study on survey
method. Both primary and secondary data have been used. The secondary
data has been collected.Mainly from research reports, records of the
company and from journals.
Tools for Primary Data Collection
Questionnaire
In this study, a structured questionnaire consisting of a list of question
pertaining to the survey is prepared. It consists of multiple choice question
and questions for recommendation and suggestions. This facilitated it
represents to fill up the questionnaire is an easy and fast manner.
Secondary Data collection
9
The research related data has been collected from the company
newspaper.
Sample unit
Under this plan the research must define the target population that will
be sampled. In this sampling unit is India Cement Limited, Sankari.
Sample size
The sample size of the study has limited to 100 respondents, which
consist of both male and female from the age group of above 20 years.
Sample design
Here the population is defined; it is a probability sampling, under
probability survey. The survey was conducted on the responses from the 100
employees in India Cements Limited. Simple Random Sampling was
designed adopted for selecting the respondents to whom the schedule was
served.
Tools for Analysis
Simple percentages are used in making comparisons between two or
more series of data. With the help of absolutes figures, it was difficult to
interpret any meaning in the two or more data, but when percentage are read,
it becomes very easy to find the relative difference between the two data.
Number of respondent
10
Percentage = X 100
Total number of respondents
PERIOD OF STUDY
The period is confined of 45 days.
Limitation of the study
The busy schedule of the workers was a hindrance to collect more
data.
Due to time constraint the sample size is restricted to only 150
samples.
Some employees were having little difficulty in expressing their
views even though they knew the answer to the questions. Hence the
findings and suggestions may or may not be.
CHAPTER SCHEME
This study is designed under the following chapters:11
I - The First Chapter deals with Introduction and design of study
II - The Second Chapter deals with Review of the Literature
III - The Third Chapter deals with Profile of the company
IV - The Fourth Chapter deals with Data Analysis and Interpretation of Data
V - The Fifth Chapter deals with Summary of Findings and Suggestion
CHAPTER-II
REVIEW OF LITERATURE
12
Not to be confused with a book review, a literature Review scoweys
scholarly articles, books and other Sources (e.g. dissertation, conference
proceedings) relevant to a Particular issue, are a if research or theory,
providences a Description, summers and critical evaluation if each work.
The Literature review refers to and collection of material on a topic net
necessary the great literature texts of the world.
Chandola (2012) reported findings from a long-running study
involving more than, British civil servants also suggests stress induced
biological changes may play raises the risk of heart diseases by disrupting by
disrupting the body’s internal systems. The team conducted 7 surveys over a
12 period and found chronically stressed workers had 68% higher risk of
developing heart disease.
____________________________
CHANDOLA (2012) working with emotional intelligence. USA, Bantam books
Sullivan & Shaikh (2011) this paper aims at exploring, for the first
time in the Arab world, the role of emotional intelligence (EI) in affecting
work outcomes. The results revealed significant differences between
employees’ perceptions of emotional intelligence, conflict and readiness to 13
create and innovate. The paper provides practitioners with some advice
about understanding and managing climate and conflict.
Eniola (2010) This study investigated the influence of two
interactions emotional intelligence Tracing (EIT) and Self-Regulation
training (SRT) in remediation aggressive behavior in adolescence with
visual impairment. Forty eight visual impaired (Ranging form total blind to
partially sighted) participated in the study. The interaction effects revealed
that participants treated with the two interactions EIT and SRT showed
significant improvement in their aggressive behavior pattern then their
counterparts in the control group.
____________________________________________
Sullivan &AL-Shaikh (2011) Emotional intelligence at work : links to conflict and innovation
ENIOLA (2010) Organizational behavior 12th edition; New Delhi, prentice Hall of India pvt.ltd.employee
relations.
Yonung & Dulewicz (2009) this paper aims to present some findings
from a wider study into effective command, leadership and management in
the British Royal Navy (RN ). Its aim is to increase understanding of two
14
types of self-awareness, emotional and congruent, and their relationship to
job performance and personality. The results demonstrate that self-
evaluation of own performance (form LDQ) was significantly correlated
with appraised (actual) performance. Hierarchical regression showed that
both d scales explain significant variance in appraised performance,
especially the d2 measure which accounted for 47 percent.
Wilsonet al. (2009) This research aims to investigate the efficacy of
family involvement in shift work training targeting both physiological and
social coping strategies. The inclusion of social coping strategies combined
with family involvement significantly reduced work-family conflict. Open
responses categories on the survey suggest that these reductions were due to
the facilitation of a joint problem solving approach by family members. In
contrast, employee focused.
____________________
Young &Dulewicz (2009) relationship between emotional and congruent self-awareness and performance in
the British Royal Navy. Journal if managerial psychology. 10.1108/02683940710757191
Wilsonet al (2009 stress in life and work; new delhi, response books.Training on physiological coping alone
appears to increase family conflicts.
King & Garner (2008) The aim of the study was to test the
relationship of emotional intelligence (EI) to the appraisal, coping and
outcomes of workplace demands emotional intelligence was found to
comprise three factors: emotional self management (ESM), the ability to
15
understand other’s emotions (UOE) and the use of emotions in decisions
making.
Martin, Jones & Carlin ( 2008) The purpose of this paper is to
confirm predictions that employee reports of psychological climate,
appraisal of change and levels of adjustments during a change program
would be more positive for employees in higher status groups (Operational
zed as hierarchical level in the organizational and occupational role. The
results of study one resealed that upper level staff reported more positive
attitudes during change, across a range of indicators, the results of study two
showed that non-clinical staff reported more negative attitudes during
change than other occupational groups. In addition,, managers appraised
change as more stressful than non-managers, but felt more in.
_____________________
King &gardner (2008) emotional intelligence and occupational stress among professional staff in New
Zealand international journal of organizational psychology, 10.11008/eb43386
Martin jones &callan (2008) psychology; 5th edition; New delhi,prentice hall of indiapvt.lt
Highs (2007) reported a study to explore the relationship between the EI of
call center agents and ratings of their performance. Sample of 289 agents
from three organization were studied. Results included a strong relationship
16
between overall EI and individual performance as well between several EI
elements from the model and performance.
Brewin (1980) Clinical case histories can contribute to our
knowledge of the types of person-situation interaction which produces
managerial stress. Three case histories reveal similar interactions between a
certain vulnerable personality and a specific type of work role transition.
Common principles involved in these interactions are discussed.
_________________
HIGGS (2007) Abnormal psychology and modern life; 11th edition; New delhi, pearson education
Carmeli (2006) Attempted to narrow this gap by empirically
examining the extent to which senior managers with a high emotional
intelligence employed in public sector organizations developed positive
17
work attitude, altruistic behavior, and work outcomes. The result indicated
that emotional intelligence. Augments positive, altruistic behavior, work
outcomes, and moderated the effect on job satisfaction
Vakola et al.(2005) added a different way of looking and working
with organizational change by focusing on individual’s emotions and
personality trait. The study explore how emotional intelligence change at an
individual level by exploring the relationship between these attributes and
towards organizational change. The sample consisted of 137 professionals
who completed self reported inventories assessing confirmed that there was
behaviour,5th edition. USA, John Wiley&sons Inc. \SCHUTTE ET 86
AL(2001) Human resource management theory & practices; UK,
Macmillan.
George and battenhausen (1990), Human behavior at work. 8th edition.
USA, Mo-Graw Hill International Editions. Hart (187) Managing Stress in
Occupational Settings:: A Selective Review of Current Research and
Theory, Journal of Managerial Psychology, 10.1108/eb043386.
Brewin (1980) Work Role Transitions and Stress in managers:
illustrations from the Clinic, personnel
Review.10.1108/eb055414.
.
APPENDIX
"A STUDY ON EMPLOYEES STRESS OF INDIA CEMENTS LTD",
SANKARl WEST
QUESTIONNAIRE
1. Age of the Respondentsa. Below 30 yrs [ ] b. 30-40 yrs [ ] c. Above 40 yrs [ ]
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2. Experience of the Respondentsa. Below 10 yrs [ ] b. Above 10 yrs [ ]
3. Qualification of the Respondentsa.Upto SSLC [ ] b.HSC [ ]c. Graduate [ ] d. Diploma [ ]
4. Designation of the Employee a. High Level [ ] b. Middle Level [ ]c. Low Level [ ]
5. Work Experience of the Samplea. Below l year [ ] b. 1-3 Year [ ] c.3-5Year [ ] d.5-7 Year [ ] e. above 7 Years [ ]
6. Do you face Physiological Symptoms at Worka. Yes [ ] b. No [ ]If Yes, a. Nervous [ ] b. Tiredness [ ] c. Headaches [ ] d. Muscle Tension [ ] e. Breathlessness [ ]
7. Relationship between Employer and Employeesa. Excellent [ ] b. Good [ ] c. Satisfactory [ ] d. Unsatisfactory [ ]
8. Do you suffer from difficulty in sleeping?a. Not at all [ ] b. Sometimes [ ] c. Often [ ]
9. Do you find difficulty in concentration?a. Not at all [ ] b. Sometimes [ ] c. Often [ ]
10. Do you get anger soon?a. Not at all [ ] b. Sometimes [ ] c. Often [ ]
11. Do you find any negative thinking about your job?a. Not at all [ ] b. Sometimes [ ] c. Often [ ]
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12. Do you find time to have hobbies and leisure time with family?a. Not at all [ ] b. Sometimes [ ] c. Often [ ]
13. When Conflict arises at the work place do you tend to over react?a. Not at all [ ] b. Sometimes [ ] c. Often [ ]
14. Do you have smooth relationship with the co-workers?a. Not at all [ ] b. Sometimes [ ] c. Often [ ]
15. Are you satisfied with your monthly income?a. Yes [ ] b. No [ ]