A Report by: Ballitoc, Beverley Macalisang, Marielle Valdez, Jeteeca Zapata, Diane Mauritz.

A Report by:Ballitoc, Beverley

Macalisang, MarielleValdez, Jeteeca

Zapata, Diane Mauritz

A general process of administrative action It is to pursue one’s objectives through a

specific design

It is the creation of a delivery system of a policy. It is the process in which policies upheld by the

government are enacted upon by the pertinent agencies.

What happens (or should happen) when a bill becomes a law

What happens after a bill becomes a law

Carrying policies… into effect in an endeavor to accomplish their goals

Neither a routine nor a highly predictable process.

Government Agencies◦ perform most of the day to day work of the

government◦ Tasks: filling in the details, making policy more

precise and concrete, make more definitive adjustments among conflicting interest.

The Legislature◦ Can make policy as stringent or as vague as

possible◦ Senatorial Approval (Ex. Appointments)

The Judiciary◦ Some legislation is enforced primarily through

judicial action◦ Judicial interpretation and application of the Statute◦ Review of administrative decisions, rules and

regulations Pressure Groups

◦ Group struggle shifts from legislative to administrative arena.

◦ May complain to the Executive or Congress if a statute is not being implemented (in accordance to the intent of the Congress)

Community Organizations◦ Local level

A variety of participants may have a hand in administration of a given policy.Political PartiesCommunications MediaExecutive-staff agencies

Top-Down◦ Structural Approach◦ Procedural and Managerial Approach◦ Behavioral Approach◦ Political Approach

Bottom-Up

Alternative Approach

The top-down approach involves

understanding the goals and motivations of

the highest level initiators of policy and

tracking the policy implementation from the

lowest level.

The goals, motivations and the capabilities

of the lowest level implementers should be

understood and following the policy design

upward to the highest level initiators of

policy.

the organizational design and its relation to

policy design.

there must be appropriate organizational

structures for particular tasks and

environments.

focuses on the processes and procedure. The Procedural approach involves three

sequential steps in the implementation stage: (1) incorporate task sequences in a designed programme,

(2) mobilizing appropriate structures and staffing, and

(3) appropriate scheduling, monitoring, and control devices.

acknowledges the limitation in adjustments to structures and procedures.

recognizes that there is often a resistance to change.

There is a need to study and understand this resistance to minimize it as an impediment to implementation.

The main aim of this approach is to foster the trust of the people in the managers (of implementation).

Brings into focus the patterns of power and

influence in policy implementation.

AGENCY

Executive

Pressure Groups

Other Agencies Other Governments

Communications Media

Political Parties

Judiciary Congress

Four Classes of Implementation◦Policy and Policy Process (Procedural)

◦Organizations and their milieu (Structural)

◦Agents (Behavioral)

◦Conditions within the Implementation Environment (Political)

Assumption that policy meanings are shared by authors, implementers and managers A PRIORI

Too much focus on GOVERNMENTAL ENTITIES

Focuses on what implementers must know

to do policy.

It brings forward non-state actors as

resource for skills and knowledge and

identifies learning as a key to street level

change.