A Proposed Audio Lecture

8/2/2019 A Proposed Audio Lecture

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E T~hthwil Eylmh Jig|y~i hb Ti~m&Hti~e|mri @y~wm`k

Oe` Te|~mgc W. E~~mi|e* ^@* ^F* ^T\* G\@

E ^iwie~ga T~hthwej

Fe~ga >45>

J}giyf @h~|a{iw|i~` Y`mri~wm|} K~elye|i W|ylmiw


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Egc`h{jilkifi`|

\ai nikm``m`k e`l i`l hb |amw teti~ mw ~hh|il m` k~e|m|yli |h

|ai fi` e`l {hfi`* e`l |h |ai m`w|m|y|mh`w* {ah e`l {amga m`

{e}w* fm`y|i h~ ijitae`|m`i aeri mfte~|il whfi|am`k {amga aew

feli e` mfteg| m` |ai ghftji|mh` hb |amw {h~c

\h Ghjikmh Li Lekyte` e`l |ai Ghjjiki hb @y~wm`k {amga

aew nii` |ai wi||m`k bh~ |ai ~iwie~ga M| aew wi~ril ew e thhj hb

le|e e`l |ai ~igmtmi`| hb egelifmg ~iti~gywwmh`w why~gil b~hf m|

\h |ai w|yli`|w* |ai ri~} ~iewh` |amw i`lierh~ {ew

y`li~|eci`

\h J}giyf @h~|a{iw|i~` Y`mri~wm|} K~elye|i W|ylmiw* bh~

|ai ~iewh` |h iqgij e`l t~hri h`iwijb

\h L~ N~e`lh Whjmw* bh~ y`{eri~m`k kymle`gi e`l

b~mi`lwamt

\h f} fhf* |amw fe`ywg~mt|w wyti~je|mri lilmge|mh`

OTWE

J}giyf @h~|a{iw|i~` Y`rmi~wm|} K~elye|i W|ylmiw Teki mmm


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\enji hb Gh`|i`|w

Gh`|i`| \m|ji Teki

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Enw|~eg| mm

Egc`h{jilkifi`| mmm

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Jmw| hb Bmky~iw rm

Jmw| hb \enjiw rmm

Gaet|i~

M \ai T~hnjif 5

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\aih~i|mgej B~efi{h~c >4

Gh`git|yej B~efi{h~c >7

Wgaife|mg Lmek~ef hb |aiGh`git|yej B~efi{h~c hb |aiW|yl}

>;

W|e|ifi`| hb |ai T~hnjif >;

Ewwyft|mh`w >1

Wghti e`l Lijmfm|e|mh` hb |aiW|yl}

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Mfth~|e`gi hb |ai W|yl} 74

Libm`m|mh` hb \i~fw 72

J}giyf @h~|a{iw|i~` Y`rmi~wm|} K~elye|i W|ylmiw Teki rm


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Jmw| hb \enjiw

\enji \m|ji Teki

75 Jmw|i`m`k \iw| Wgh~iw 2=


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GAET\I^ M

\AI T^HNJIF

Ghjjikme|i ilyge|mh` ge` ni liwg~mnil |h ni hì hb |ai fhw|

gaejji`km`k ti~mhlw hb e w|yli`|w jmbi Ai~i* |ai w|yli`| mw begil

{m|a aiermi~ e`l n~heli~ egelifmg life`lw |ae` iri~ nibh~i

Jmci{mwi* |ai w|yli`| mw kmri` e` iq|i`wmri jmni~|} m` ghjjiki |ae` m`

amka wgahhj e`l ijifi`|e~} \ai ~mkmlm|} hb jie~`m`k mw w|e~|m`k |h

njy~ h`gi |ai w|yli`| mw ej~iel} m` |ai ghjjikme|i aejjw \ai w|yli`|

mw ejwh iqtig|il |h ae`lji k~ie| efhy`|w hb m`bh~fe|mh` ew ai

bmj|i~w |a~hyka |ai ghy~wi t~hk~ef [ae| ghyjl ni hnwi~ril m` |amw

ti~mhl mw |ai aier} life`l bh~ gh`kjhfi~e|m`k m`bh~fe|mh` m`|h

tegcekil wmziw {amga |ai w|yli`| ge` aeri eggiww |h \ai

m`bh~fe|mh` eki aew le{ìl yth` e ì{ kiì~e|mh` hb w|yli`|w E|

|amw |mfi* ghfty|i~w* |enji|w* wfe~| tahìw* e`l filme lirmgiw

bjhhlil |ai fe~ci| {m|a |ai w|yli`| thtyje|mh` ew hì hb |ai fhw|

m`we|menji gh`wyfi~w [i ge` hnwi~ri |ae| ejfhw| iri~} ti~wh`

aew e fhnmji tahì [ae| fhnmji tahìw ge` lh ghyjl ~e`ki b~hf

fecm`k gejjw* wi`lm`k WFW* tje}m`k fywmg* |ecm`k tah|hw*

{e|gam`k rmlihw* e`l n~h{wm`k |ai {h~jl {mli {in Lmw|e`gi* |mfi*

e`l fhw| mfth~|e`|j}* mk`h~e`gi e~i nim`k n~mlkil n} |iga`hjhk}

J}giyf @h~|a{iw|i~` Y`rmi~wm|} K~elye|i W|ylmiw Teki 5


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e`l ghffy`mge|mh` \amw {eri hb gae`ki aew ebbig|il ah{

w|yli`|w eguym~i m`bh~fe|mh` e`l m` bh~fejm|}* e` ilyge|mh`

\ai m`|i~ì|* {m|a m|w m`|i~|{m`m`k ghri~eki hb |ai {h~jl aew

jib| `h w|hì y`|hygail n} m|w fewwmri i`rijhtfi`| \ai w|yli`|

{ah fe} thwwiww |ai fhw| yt&|h&le|i lirmgiw wyga ew |enji|w e`l

h|ai~ filme lirmgiw fe} |et m`|h |amw rew| ~iwhy~gi hb m`bh~fe|mh`

\ai w|yli`| mw ejwh iènjil |h ytjhel m`bh~fe|mh` |ae| ai g~ie|il

h~ whfihì ijwi bh~ |ae| fe||i~ e`l ni wae~il |h h|ai~ tihtji

ahhcil h` |h |amw ke~ke`|ye` fikew|~yg|y~i hb m`bh~fe|mh`

amka{e}w Thwwiwwm`k m`bh~fe|mh` mw thwwiwwm`k c`h{jilki3 {m|a

|amw w|e|ifi`| ejhì* {i ge` ej~iel} lilygi |ae| mb {i ge` eguym~i

m`bh~fe|mh`* {i ge` ki| e` ilyge|mh`* bh~ {ae| mw m| |ae| {i ki|

{ai` {i i`|i~ |ai jig|y~i aejj8 m`bh~fe|mh` e`l c`h{jilki

E`h|ai~ eri`yi bh~ bh~fejm|} m` |ai gh`lyg| hb ilyge|mh`

{hyjl ni |ai ey|ah~mzil tegceki~w e`l lijmri~i~w hb m`bh~fe|mh` &

|ai wgahhjw* ghjjikiw* e`l y`mri~wm|miw M| mw {m|am` |aim~ ilmbmgi |ae|

m`bh~fe|mh`* liifil ìgiwwe~} bh~ |ai ghftji|mh` hb e t~hk~ef e~i

kmri` [i ge` |eci `h|i |ae| |amw aew nii` |ai |~elm|mhèj e`l bhhj&

t~hhb {e} hb t~hrmlm`k ilyge|mh` |h |ai fewwiw [i ejj aeri wii`

|ai iwgeje|mh` hb e w|yli`| b~hf ijifi`|e~} |h amka wgahhj e`l

J}giyf @h~|a{iw|i~` Y`rmi~wm|} K~elye|i W|ylmiw Teki >


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iri`|yejj}* |h ghjjiki \ai~i mw e jelli~ |ae| |ai w|yli`| gjmfnw m`

hy~ t~ilhfmè`| w|~yg|y~i hb ilyge|mh` e`l |ae| |amw w}w|if mw

~iwhè|il eg~hww |ai {h~jl E`l m` b~ii fe~ci| getm|ejmwf*

ilyge|mh` mw g~ygmej m` h~li~ bh~ e ti~wh` |h ki| e ohn [i aeri wii`

gjewwmbmilw |ae| ~iri~ni~e|i |ai ìil bh~ e ghjjiki lik~ii E`l |ae|

iega hb |ai ghjjiki t~hk~efw feciw e ti~wh` wym|enji bh~ e

wtigmejmzil ohn by`g|mh` [i ge` li~mri e| e gh`gjywmh` |ae|

ilyge|mh` e`l wcmjj e~i |ai ghffh` lmg|e|h~w bh~ by|y~i

iftjh}fi`| C`h{m`k |amw* m| k~ie|j} m`g~iewiw |ai mfth~|e`gi hb

ilyge|mh`

[ai` e w|yli`| aew bm`mwail amka wgahhj ilyge|mh`* ai aew

|ai ht|mh` hb i`~hjjm`k m` e`h|ai~ amkai~ ilyge|mh` ilmbmgi |h

ghftji|i |i~|me~} ilyge|mh` \ai w|yli`| {mjj ni kmri` ilyge|mh` m`

|ai |~elm|mhèj |h gh`|ifth~e~} fi|ahlw [i ge` hnwi~ri e`l

gh`gjyli |ae| |ai fhw| ghffh` fi|ahlw nim`k ywil n} t~hbiwwh~w

e`l m`w|~yg|h~w m` |ai gjeww~hhf mw |ai jig|y~i fi|ahl M|w

|~elm|mhèj ~hh|w aeri `h| leftiìl m|w kjefhy~ H|ai~ m`w|~yg|h~w

{hyjl eykfi`| |ai jie~`m`k iqti~mi`gi {m|a |ai ywi hb

m`w|~yg|mhèj fe|i~mejw wyga ew ghfty|i~&t~hgiwwil wjmliw !ywm`k e

thtyje~ t~hk~ef* Fmg~hwhb| Hbbmgi Th{i~Thm`|* h~ iuymreji`|

t~hk~efw- \ai m`w|~yg|h~ fe} ejwh waijj hy| t~m`|il ghtmiw hb |ai



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jig|y~i hy|jmì bh~ |ai w|yli`|w |h ~ibi~ |h ew e` iew} wyffe~} hb

|ai jig|y~i \aiwi fi|ahlw e~i ri~} ghffh` efh`k ghjjikiw e`l

y`mri~wm|miw

\ecm`k m`|h gh`wmli~e|mh` |ai e`|igili`| lmwgywwmh` hb

eguym~m`k m`bh~fe|mh`* ilyge|mh`* e`l |ai elri`| hb ghfty|i~ ywi*

{i ìil |h elet| |h |ai mìrm|enji gae`kiw |ae| e~i waetm`k iri~}

begi| hb ayfe` jmbi [i ejwh ìil |h |eci m`|h gh`wmli~e|mh` |ae|

ilyge|mh` ge` ni lijmri~il n} e ahw| hb t~hbiwwmhèjw m`gjylm`k

`y~wi \ai `y~wi mw e` eggmli`|ej ilyge|h~ [m|ahy| bh~fej

|~em`m`k m` |ai bmijl hb |iegam`k* |ai `y~wi fe} ni mjj&iuymttil {m|a

|ai t~m`gmtjiw ìilil |h |iega M| mw wiifm`kj} ew |ahyka |ae| |ai

`y~wi eg|w {m|a |ai fi|ahl hb c`h{jilki |~e`wbi~i`gi n}

gh`ri}m`k m`bh~fe|mh` ai aew t~irmhywj} jie~ìl ny| {m|ahy| |ai

t~ite~e|mh` |h t~hti~j} ti~bh~f |ai |iegam`k by`g|mh` \ai `y~wi

fe} fmfmg |ai |iegam`k fi|ahlw hb e fi`|h~ e`l ywi m| ew amw

h{` \ai w|e`le~lw h~ fi|~mgw bh~ ett~ht~me|i k~elm`k fe} ni

y`c`h{` |h |amw eggmli`|ej |iegai~ Ah{iri~* |amw ge` ni

gm~gyfèrmke|il {m|a |ai ty~wym| hb gh`|m`ym`k ilyge|mh` {amga

{mjj e~f |ai `y~wi {m|a |ai ìgiwwe~} m`bh~fe|mh` m` h~li~ |h fhjl

ai~ m`|h e |iegai~

J}giyf @h~|a{iw|i~` Y`rmi~wm|} K~elye|i W|ylmiw Teki


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@y~wm`k ilyge|mh` mw hì |ae| ~iuym~iw e` mffi`wi

c`h{jilki newi e`l |iga`mgej wcmjjw m` h~li~ bh~ e w|yli`| |h

wyggiil E~fil {m|a m`bh~fe|mh`* |ai w|yli`| ge` fi|efh~tahwi

m`|h |ai t~hbiwwmhèj \ai~i mw e gaejji`ki `h{ h` ah{ |h t~hrmli

ilyge|mh` |h `y~wm`k w|yli`|w [m|a |ai ebh~ifi`|mhìl

t~ilhfmè`| m`w|~yg|mhèj fi|ahlw e`l |ai gae`km`k |mfiw* `h{

mw e k~ie| |mfi |ae` e`} |h w|e~| e` ilyge|mh` ~irhjy|mh` \ai

Tamjmttmìw mw elfm||ilj} e |am~l {h~jl ghy`|~}* m` |ae| |ai~i mw e

jh`k jek |mfi {m|a kjhnej lirijhtfi`|w \amw mw igahil m` |ai bmijl

hb ilyge|mh` [ai` h|ai~ ghy`|~miw aeri iqti~mfi`|il e`l

mftjifi`|il e ahw| hb h|ai~ fi|ahlw hb |iegam`k* {i aeri fi~ij}

aie~l enhy| m| \amw wahyjl `h| ni |ai gewi Fhw| hb yw {mjj ek~ii

|ae| {i {e`| |h ni kjhnejj} ghfti|m|mri e`l yt&|h&le|i* |ai~ibh~i* m|

mw amka |mfi |ae| |ai gae`kiw ìilil m` |ai w|e|yw uyh ni feli m`

h~li~ bh~ hy~ ilyge|mhèj w}w|if |h t~hk~iww e`l ni e| te~ {m|a |ai

{h~jlw niw| \amw mw `h| e l~ief3 {i ge` feci |amw e ~iejm|}

Fe`} y`mri~wm|miw e`l ghjjikiw `h{ aeri ri`|y~il m`|h

lmw|e`gi jie~`m`k h~ i&jie~`m`k Emlil {m|a ghfty|i~w e`l |ai

m`bh~fe|mh` wyti~amka{e}* ilyge|mh` aew ~iegail tjegiw ni}h`l

|ai bhy~ {ejjw hb |ai jig|y~i ~hhf Ah{iri~* fhw| lmw|e`gi jie~`m`k

tegcekiw m`bh~fe|mh` |a~hyka lmkm|mzil |iq| wi`| |a~hyka |ai



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M`|i~ì| y`|mj m| ~iegaiw |ai wynwg~mnm`k w|yli`| [i ge` g~ie|i

ej|i~è|mri bh~fw hb lmkm|mzil m`bh~fe|mh` {amga {mjj `h| h`j}

i`keki |ai ~ielm`k e`l ghft~iai`wmh` enmjm|miw hb w|yli`|* ny|

{m|a |ai ellm|mh` hb e`h|ai~ wi`wh~} ~igit|mh` |ae| ge` ni hb k~ie|

eml m` ki||m`k m`bh~fe|mh` M` ghfiw |ai irmli`| e`l t~hri` ywi hb

~igh~lil jig|y~iw h~ eylmh jig|y~iw [i ge` ej~iel} mfekmì |ae|

beg|w e`l bmky~iw* kiì~ejj} {~m||i` {h~lw ghfi |h jmbi ew eylm|h~}

m`ty|w [m|a |ai {mliwt~iel ywi hb filme lirmgiw ebh~ifi`|mhìl

m` |ai e`|igili`| lmwgywwmh`* {i ge` feci ywi hb eylmh bmjiw

gh`|em`m`k jie~`m`k fe|i~mejw e`l jie~` ci} gh`git|w {m|a |ai ywi

hb aie~m`k

[ai` ~igh~lm`k {ew feli thwwmnji |a~hyka rm`}j ~igh~lm`kw*

gewwi||i |etiw* e`l |ai fem`w|e} ghfteg| lmwgw* lmkm|ej rmlih lmwgw*

e`l iri` |a~hyka bjewa l~mri fifh~}* {i ge` t~hgiww* w|h~i* e`l

~i|~miri ey~ej le|e |a~hyka e filme lirmgi getenji hb tje}m`k |ai

w|h~il le|e Mb }hy thwwiww e fhnmji tahì {m|a e nymj|&m` filme

tje}i~* ejj }hy ìil |h lh mw |h |~e`wbi~ e ~igh~lil jig|y~i h`|h |ai

fifh~} hb |ai fhnmji tahì e`l tje} m| E`l {m|a ì{ t~hgiwwiw

hb le|e i`ghlm`k e`l w|h~eki* {i ge` w|h~i t~hlmkmhyw efhy`|w hb

le|e h` e fifh~} gamt Lh`| oyw| |am`c hb hì |iq|nhhc m` e



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fifh~} gamt* mfekm`i e jmn~e~} w|h~il m` |ai tejf hb }hy~ ae`lw

\amw mw |ai by|y~i hb ilyge|mh`

M`|i~`ejmzm`k |iga`hjhk} m`|h ilyge|mh` mw hb k~ie| aijt [ae|

ge` h`j} am`li~ yw m` |amw i`lierh~ hb gae`ki {hyjl ni |ai

i`ghlm`k hb le|e E| |amw |mfi* m| mw `h jh`ki~ e t~hnjif |h

eggyfyje|i le|e Mb {i e~i khm`k |h |egcji h` |ai bmji wmziw hb wh`kw

w|h~il m` e fifh~} gamt* e w|e`le~l |{h kmken}|i fifh~} gamt ge`

ej~iel} ahjl


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~iri~ni~e|il hri~ e`l hri~ ekem`* gae`ki mw mìrm|enji M| {hyjl ni

wymgmlej mb {i kh ekem`w| |ai |mli hb gae`ki

ê|mhèji

Wgahhjw aeri nii` g~ie|il n} whgmi|} |h egamiri gi~|em`

khejw3 |ae| mw* |h i`wy~i |ae| |ai gm|mzi`w {hyjl ni enji |h ghti e`l

liej {m|a |ai ìri~&i`lm`k ~e|i hb gae`ki iqti~mi`gil n} |ai

è|mh` Ew |ai eggiji~e|il y~ne`mze|mh` e`l |iga`hjhkmgej

~irhjy|mh` m` ghffy`mge|mh` e`l |~erij* |ai gaejji`ki |ae| ~iw|w

yth` |ai wgahhj mw |h ni kjhnejj} ghfti|m|mri m` |aim~ ~iwth`wmnmjm|}

hb fhjlm`k* waetm`k* e`l ae~ìwwm`k |ai th|i`|mejw hb |ai è|mh`w

>5w| gi`|y~} gm|mzi`w \ai life`l* |ai~ibh~i* mw bh~ |ai wgahhjw |h

y`li~|eci |amw gaejji`ki |a~hyka e t~hgiww gejjil ilyge|mh`

Ilyge|mh` mw e whgmej t~hgiww n} {amga e ghffy`m|}* whgmi|} h~

è|mh` wiicw |h |~e`wfm| |h m|w ifi~ki`| kiì~e|mh` |ahwi ewtig|w

hb gyj|y~i gh`wmli~il by`lefi`|ej e`l rm|ej bh~ w|enmjm|} e`l

wy~rmrej !Re`li~ _e`li`* >44;- M| mw m` |ai t~hgiww hb ilyge|mh`

|ae| m`bh~fe|mh` ìgiwwe~} |h wyw|em` jmbi e`l m|w t~hk~iwwmh` mw

|~e`wfm||il |h h|ai~* w|e~|m`k ri~} ie~j} h` m` jmbi [i ge` ~igejj

|ae| ew jh`k ew |ai wi`wiw e`l ghk`m|mri by`g|mh` e~i ej~iel}



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enwh~nm`k m`bh~fe|mh` jmci {e|i~ {m|a e wth`ki* |ai jie~`m`k

t~hgiww aew niky`

Ilyge|mh` ge` ni te~|mgmte|il m` n} fe`} t~hbiwwmhèjw*

~e`km`k b~hf |ai |~elm|mhèj t~hbiwwmhèj |iegai~ |h `y~wiw Ai~i

{i fyw| `h|i |ae| ni|{ii` |amw ~e`ki {hyjl ni |ai jh`k jmw| hb

t~hbiwwmhèjw {ah aeri |aim~ m`lmrmlyej wtigmej|miw e`l bhgm hb

jie~`m`k

Hì hb |ai fe`} begi|w hb ilyge|mh` mw ilyge|mh` m` |ai

aiej|a wgmi`giw Ai~i |ai ghjjig|mri jie~ì~w {hyjl aeri eguym~il

c`h{jilki h` |ai f}~mel hb |am`kw nmhjhkmgej* whgmhjhkmgej* e`l |h

e` iq|i`|* |ai tamjhwhtamgej Ge~ti`|i~ e`l Nijj !>447- ijenh~e|iw

|ae| ilyge|mh` m` aiej|a ge~i |hle} bh~ nh|a |ai te|mi`| ilyge|mh`

e`l `y~wm`k w|ebb h~ w|yli`| ilyge|mh` mw e |htmg hb y|fhw| m`|i~iw|

|h `y~wiw m` iri~} wi||m`k m` {amga |ai} t~eg|mgi3 e`l |ae| |iegam`k

mw e feoh~ ewtig| hb |ai `y~wiw t~hbiwwmhèj ~hji \amw mw rmwmnj} wh

nigeywi |ai jmì hb t~hbiwwmhèjw waejj giewi |h iqmw| {ai` |ai

gaem` hb ilyge|mh` i`lw \ai ~iwth`wmnmjm|} hb t~hbiwwmhèj `y~wiw

iq|i`lw |h |ai k~ie|i~ whgmi|} n} t~hlygm`k `y~wiw bh~ |ai by|y~i

@y~wiw tje}m`k |ai ~hji hb |iegai~w ge` feci ywi hb e

tji|ah~e hb |iegam`k fi|ahlw e`l fe|i~mejw Li ]hy`k !>44=-

J}giyf @h~|a{iw|i~` Y`rmi~wm|} K~elye|i W|ylmiw Teki =


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iqtjem`w |ae| eylmhrmwyejw* ghjjig|mrij}* ge` k~ie|j} iàe`gi

|iegam`k e`l ge` ell m`|i~iw| e`l w|mfyje|mh` |h |ai gjeww~hhf

\ai} ge` ell~iww ejj |a~ii fhliw hb jie~`m`k |ai ghk`m|mri*

ebbig|mri* e`l tw}gahfh|h~ [i ge` ej~iel} bh~igew| |ai f}~mel hb

niìbm|w |ae| jie~ì~w ge` ~iet b~hf |ai yweki hb wyga filme m`

jie~`m`k Ny| Li ]hy`k ejwh gey|mh`w |ae| mb ywil mètt~ht~me|ij}*

|ai} ge` wmftj} nighfi |mfi bmjji~w e`l i`|i~|emì~w* {amga lh `h|

wi~ri e ~iej ty~thwi Wai ellw |ae| m| mw mfth~|e`| bh~ |ai ilyge|h~

|h c`h{ {ae| filme e~i eremjenji* ah{ |h wijig| |aif* e`l ah{ |h

ywi |aif ibbig|mrij}

\h gh`|m`yi ejh`k |amw jmì hb |ahyka|* {i fyw| c`h{ |ai

t~hgiww hb wijig|m`k e filmyf M| mw e fe||i~ hb uyiw|mh` h` ah{

lhiw e` ilyge|h~ nikm` |h wijig| |ai ett~ht~me|i filme e`l ah{

e`l {ai` wahyjl |ai} ni ywil Wy~ij}* |ai ligmwmh`w bh~ |aiwi

uyiw|mh`w e~i newil h` e `yfni~ hb beg|h~w Fywm`wcm !5===-

w|e|iw |ae| |ai `y~wi ilyge|h~ by`g|mh`w m` e rm|ej ~hji hb begmjm|e|h~

n} t~hrmlm`k kymle`gi e`l wytth~| bh~ jie~`m`k \h ijenh~e|i* |ai

ilyge|h~ fe} ~ij} h` hì fi|ahl t~ilhfmè`|j} !mi jig|y~i-

wi~rm`k ew |ai t~mfe~} negcnhì bh~ lijmri~}* m| fe} ni ghfnmìl

{m|a e`h|ai~ fi|ahl !mi jig|y~i {m|a htth~|y`m|miw bh~ uyiw|mh`w

e`l e`w{i~ ti~mhlw e`l wah~| lmwgywwmh` wiwwmh`w nim`k mòig|il



19/117

ly~m`k |ai jig|y~i ti~mhl- Li ]hy`k !>44=- bhjjh{w |ae| |ai gamib

li|i~fmè`|w e~i |ai jie~`m`k hnoig|mriw ejh`k {m|a !5- eylmi`gi

gae~eg|i~mw|mgw wmzi* lmri~wm|}* jie~`m`k w|}ji t~ibi~i`giw3 !>-

ilyge|h~w iqti~|mwi3 !7- th|i`|mej bh~ egamirm`k jie~`m`k hy|ghfiw

eguymwm|mh`* ~i|i`|mh`* e`l ~igejj3 !441- gh`bm~fw |amw n} w|e|m`k |ae| |ai~i mw

`h hì ti~big| fi|ahl bh~ |iegam`k ejj jie~ì~w m` ejj wi||m`kw Wai

ellw |ae| ìm|ai~ ge` e`} ett~hega gae`ki niaermh~ m` ejj |a~ii

lhfem`w bh~ jie~`m`k [ae|iri~ |ai fi|ahl gahwi`* m| {mjj ywyejj}

ni fhw| ibbig|mri mb ywil {m|a ghòy`g|mh` {m|a h|ai~ m`w|~yg|mhèj

|iga`muyiw e`l |hhjw |h ht|mfmzi jie~`m`k

\ai ilyge|h~ fe} kh |a~hyka |ai jmw| hb |~elm|mhèj fi|ahlw

wyga ew jig|y~i h~ lmwgywwmh` {amji h|ai~ ilyge|h~w fe} ht| |h ywi

gh`|ifth~e~} fi|ahlw |h |~e`wfm| m`bh~fe|mh` M``hre|mri

|iegai~w ywi |iga`hjhk} |h n~heli` e`l ell re~mi|} |h |ai

htth~|y`m|miw bh~ |iegam`k e`l jie~`m`k \ai} gh`|m`yi |h m`g~iewi

|ai jirij hb |aim~ h{` wcmjjw n} |ecm`k elre`|eki hb |ai elre`giw m`

|iga`hjhk} |h m`|~hlygi e`l ghega h|ai~w m` ì{ {e}w hb jie~`m`k

\ai} ~ighk`mzi |ae| |ai whtamw|mge|il ywi hb |iga`hjhk} mw e



20/117

t~mfe~} wcmjj |ae| {mjj ni ìilil bh~ ilyge|mhèj t~hk~efw hb |ai

by|y~i \ai ywi hb lmbbi~i`| |}tiw hb |iga`hjhk} ewwmw|w |ai |iegai~

m` aijtm`k jie~ì~w fii| |aim~ m`lmrmlyej ìilw e`l w|}jiw hb

jie~`m`k \iga`hjhk} aew |ai th|i`|mej bh~ fecm`k |ai |iegam`k&

jie~`m`k t~hgiww fh~i gh`ri`mi`|* eggiwwmnji* e`l w|mfyje|m`k

!New|enji* >441- Hì wyga iqeftji mw |ai ywi hb e` eylmh

~igh~lm`k

New|enji !>441- iqtjem`w |ai ywi hb eylmh |iga`hjhk} aew `h|

nii` ywil |h e`} k~ie| iq|i`| bh~ ilyge|mhèj ty~thwiw y`|mj

~igi`|j} \amw fi|ahl aew nii` e ywibyj |hhj bh~ |ai njm`l h~ bh~

|ahwi {m|a wi~mhyw rmwyej h~ fh|h~ mftem~fi`| Ah{iri~* {m|a

wmk`mbmge`| elre`giw m` eylmh whb|{e~i e`l ae~l{e~i* ew {ijj ew

elht|m`k eylmh |iga`hjhk} bh~ fh~i |ae` ty~ij} ghffi~gmej ywi*

eylmh|etiw* ghfteg| lmwgw* e`l ~elmh aeri nighfi fh~i thtyje~

|hhjw bh~ |iegam`k e`l jie~`m`k \aiwi ~iwhy~giw ge` ni ywil |h

~ije} fe`} lmbbi~i`| |}tiw hb fiwwekiw* ge` aijt jie~ì~w {ah

niìbm| b~hf ~iti|m|mh` e`l ~im`bh~gifi`|* e`l e~i {ijj wym|il bh~

|ahwi {ah iòh} h~ t~ibi~ eylm|h~} jie~`m`k \ai} e~i ywibyj

eloy`g|w bh~ |iegam`k m`lmrmlyejw {ah e~i mjjm|i~e|i h~ jh{ jm|i~e|i

\ai eylmh ~igh~lm`k ge` ghfi b~hf e gewwi||i* e ghfteg| lmwg* e

lmkm|ej rmlih lmwg* h~ e` ft7 bmji \ai ebh~ifi`|mhìl fe|i~mejw ge`

J}giyf @h~|a{iw|i~` Y`rmi~wm|} K~elye|i W|ylmiw Teki 5>


21/117

ni ywil {m|a e `yfni~ hb lirmgiw* {m|a |ai je||i~ tje}il h` e`

ft7 tje}i~ !e` mThl* bh~ iqeftji- h~ ghfty|i~

Gewwi||i |etiw e`l GLw e~i ri~} thtyje~ bh~fe|w |hle} Ywi

hb |aiwi filme n} ilyge|h~w aew nii` k~h{m`k \ai nmkkiw|

elre`|eki hb gewwi||iw e`l GLw mw |aim~ t~eg|mgejm|} Ghfteg| lmwgw

aeri ~itjegil |~elm|mhèj rm`}j ~igh~lw e`l m` fe`} m`w|e`giw e~i

~etmlj} ~itjegm`k |~elm|mhèj eylmh|etiw \ai feoh~ elre`|eki hb

GLw mw |aim~ wyti~mh~ bmlijm|}* {amga lhiw `h| li|i~mh~e|i hri~ |mfi

\ai} e~i wfejj* th~|enji* mìqti`wmri* wmftji |h hti~e|i* e`l iew}

|h t~ite~i h~ lytjmge|i3 ~iuym~il gewwi||i ~igh~li~w e~i ejwh

mìqti`wmri* e`l |ai {mliwt~iel t~iwi`gi hb th~|enji lmwg tje}i~w

feciw GLw e ri~} ~iewhènji ej|i~è|mri Eylmh|etiw e~i e

th{i~byj |hhj |h eykfi`| h~ ~im`bh~gi m`bh~fe|mh` t~irmhywj}

t~iwi`|il m` h|ai~ bh~fe|w* |h ~igimri |etil biilnegc b~hf

m`w|~yg|h~w* h~ |h ni iqthwil |h m`bh~fe|mh` `h| iewmj} eremjenji h~

eggiwwmnji Bh~ iqeftji* ~igh~lil jy`k why`lw* {amga ejjh{

ghfte~mwh` ni|{ii` `h~fej e`l en`h~fej n~ie|am`k* e~i eremjenji

m` nh|a gewwi||i e`l GL bh~f Eylmh gewwi||iw h` e re~mi|} hb

aiej|a |htmgw* b~hf w|~iww ~ilyg|mh` |h t~hk~efw h` ah{ |h uym|

wfhcm`k* ge` ni t~ite~il wtigmbmgejj} |h fii| |ai ìilw hb e

jie~ì~ n} ~im`bh~gm`k beg|w* kmrm`k lm~ig|mh`w* h~ t~hrmlm`k wytth~|



22/117

Ew e` iqeftji* Aekhtme` !5===- liwg~mniw ibbig|mri ywi hb

eylmh|etiw bh~ m`g~iewm`k c`h{jilki e`l wijb&ge~i niaermh~w hb

ti~wh`w y`li~khm`k ~elme|mh` |ai~et} @eti~w|ic !5==7- lirijhtil

e je~ki jmì hb eylmh|etiw e`l GLw h` kymlil mfeki~} |ae| e~i

nim`k ywil n} t~eg|m|mhì~w e`l te|mi`|w liejm`k {m|a mjjìww*

wy~ki~}* e`l n~hel |~ie|fi`| fhlejm|miw Mb |ai |etiw e~i

m`w|~yg|h~&feli* |ai jie~ì~ li~mriw fyga ghfbh~| b~hf aie~m`k

|ai m`w|~yg|h~w befmjme~ rhmgi e`l ~iewwy~m`k {h~lw \amw |hhj aew

nii` ywil iq|i`wmrij} n} Iqijwmh~ Ghjjiki* e lmw|e`gi `y~wm`k

lik~ii t~hk~ef* |h t~hrmli biilnegc |h w|yli`|w h` |ai ~iwyj|w hb

|aim~ iqefmè|mh`w M`bh~fe|mh` h` eylmh|etiw e`l GLw ge` ni

jmw|iìl |h e| |ai jimwy~i hb |ai jie~ì~ e`l ~irmi{il ew hb|i` ew

ìgiwwe~} \ai} ge` ni ywil ejfhw| e`}{ai~i* wyga ew m` |ai

ahfi* hbbmgi* gjm`mg* h~ ahwtm|ej wi||m`k* e`l ge` ni tje}il

wmfyj|eìhywj} l~mrm`k e ge~ h~ bmqm`k e fiej* |ayw bmjjm`k m` {ae|

`h~fejj} {hyjl ni gh`wmli~il {ew|il |mfi Lirijhtm`k e wmzenji

jmn~e~} hb |etiw mw {ijj {m|am` |ai getenmjm|} hb fhw| m`w|~yg|h~w

|ae`cw |h |amw filmyfw jh{ ghw| e`l iew} w|h~eki Tmg|y~iw*

lmek~efw* e`l t~m`|il ae`lhy|w ge` egghfte`} |aiwi

m`w|~yg|mhèj |hhjw |h bm| |ai ìilw hb e re~mi|} hb jie~ì~w \ai

ri~we|mjm|} hb GLw bh~ ettjmge|mh` |h ilyge|mh` yw gy~~i`|j} k~h{m`k



23/117

e| e ~etml ~e|i m` egelifme e`l {mjj gi~|em`j} ebbig| te|mi`| e`l

w|ebb ilyge|mh` m` |ai ìe~ by|y~i Ew {m|a ejj |iga`hjhkmiw hri~

|mfi* |ai ghw| mw nighfm`k ri~} ~iewhènji* e`l |ai ae~l{e~i

eremjenmjm|} bh~ aiej|age~i ilyge|mh` mw ~etmlj} m`g~iewm`k \ai

lmwelre`|ekiw hb ywm`k eylmh|etiw e`l GLw e~i bi{ \ai nmkkiw|

l~e{negc mw |ae| |ai} ell~iww h`j} hì wi`wi aie~m`k e`l*

|ai~ibh~i* ge``h| ni ywil n} aie~m`k&mftem~il m`lmrmlyejw Ejwh*

whfi jie~ì~w fe} nighfi iewmj} lmw|~eg|il b~hf |ai m`bh~fe|mh`

nim`k t~iwi`|il y`jiww |ai} aeri rmwyejw |h egghfte`} |ai

~igh~lil m`bh~fe|mh` \ai~i mw ejwh `h htth~|y`m|} bh~ m`|i~eg|mri

biilnegc ni|{ii` |ai jmw|iì~ e`l |ai wtieci~ Ew {m|a e`}

filmyf* eylmh|etiw e`l GLw wahyjl ni ywil h`j} ew wyttjifi`|w

|h |ai re~mhyw fi|ahlw hb m`w|~yg|mh`

Li Fy|a e`l N~ywcmi{m|z !>442- ghfte~il GL&^HFw e`l

|ijigh`bi~i`gm`k ew |ai lijmri~} fi|ahlw bh~ ghy~wi gh`|i`|

Eggh~lm`k |h |aif* GL&^HF ghy~wi irejye|mh` {ew amkai~ |ae`

|ai je||i~ Ejwh* |ai GL&^HF {ew bhy`l |h ri~} {h~|a{amji* e`l

|ae| |ai ~igmtmi`|w bij| |ai} ael e k~ie|i~ y`li~w|e`lm`k hb |ai

wmk`mbmge`| ì{ |ai~etmiw lmwgywwil* e`l ael e k~ie|i~ wi`wi hb

byjbmjjm`k |aim~ ti~whèj hnoig|mriw



24/117

Nighfm`k fh~i thtyje~ |ae` GLw {hyjl ni |ai ywi hb

t~ht~mi|e~} lirmgiw wyga ew e` Ettji mThl îel !>44;-

iqt~iwwil |ae| fe`} ghjjiki gjeww~hhfw |aiwi le}w fe} ew {ijj

aeri jmka|il wmk`w hri~ |aim~ lhh~w |ae| ~iel .H` Em~. h~ .îgh~lm`k

m` T~hk~iww. E k~h{m`k `yfni~ hb t~hbiwwh~w e~i ~igh~lm`k |aim~

jig|y~iw e`l fecm`k |aif eremjenji ew thlgew|w ~ikyje~j}

ytle|il wi|w hb eylmh bmjiw |ae| w|yli`|w ge` lh{`jhel |h |aim~

ghfty|i~w h~ FT7 tje}i~w By~|ai~fh~i* Whfi geftyw

elfm`mw|~e|h~w aeri iqt~iwwil wy~t~mwi |ae| thlgew|m`k jig|y~iw

ejwh c`h{` ew ghy~wigew|m`k aew tmuyil |ai m`|i~iw| hb wh fe`}

w|yli`|w e`l t~hbiwwh~w Ny| h|ai~w `h|i |ae| m|+w `h| ae~l |h

y`li~w|e`l thlgew|m`k+w ettiej \ai |iga`hjhk} kmriw t~hbiwwh~w e

gae`gi |h fii| w|yli`|w h` |aim~ h{` |y~b? Eb|i~ ejj* w|yli`|w hb|i`

wiif |h ni ohmìl e| |ai amt* jm|i~ejj}* {m|a |aim~ mThlw M| mw iew}

|h mfekmì w|yli`|w ywm`k |ai lirmgiw |h feci yt bh~ jig|y~iw |ai}

fmwwil* h~ |h n~ywa yt h` ci} gh`git|w ew bmèj iqefw ett~hega

\ai |iga`hjhk} mw tywail iri` by~|ai~ {m|a |ai ywi hb

Ettjiw whb|{e~i* m\yìw \amw whb|{e~i ejjh{w e ywi~ |h aeri

eggiww |h m\yìw Y* {amga ghyjl ni weml |h ni e lithwm|h~} hb e

ahw| hb jie~`m`k ~iwhy~giw ~e`km`k b~hf eylmh |h rmlih thlgew|w

g~ie|il n} |ai niw| wgahhjw en~hel Tihtji ywm`k |ai whb|{e~i ejwh



25/117

aew |ai ht|mh` hb wae~m`k |aim~ {h~c h` m\yìw [ai` tihtji

g~ie|i e`l lmw|~mny|i e ghy~wi h` m\yìw Y* |ai}jj ohm` e je~ki e`l

k~h{m`k ghffy`m|} hb wgahhjw e`l m`w|m|y|mh`w |ae| e~i wae~m`k

|aim~ gh`|i`| {m|a w|yli`|w e`l jmbijh`k jie~ì~w ejj hri~ |ai {h~jl

m\yìw Y m`gjyliw W|e`bh~l* ]eji* Hqbh~l* e`l YG Ni~ciji}* ejh`k

{m|a h|ai~ lmw|m`kymwail m`w|m|y|mh`w wyga ew FhFE* @i{ ]h~c

Tynjmg Jmn~e~}* e`l fh~i W|yli`|w ge` ywi m\yìw h` |aim~

ghfty|i~ h~ |ai m\yìw Y ett h` |aim~ mTel* mTahì* h~ mThl |hyga

|h n~h{wi e`l lh{`jhel hri~ 944*444 b~ii jig|y~iw* rmlihw* nhhcw*

e`l h|ai~ ~iwhy~giw h` |ahywe`lw hb wynoig|w !Ettjighf- M| mw

h`j} e fe||i~ hb rmi{m`k |ai fe|i~mej h`jmì e`l mb thwwmnji

lh{`jhelm`k |ai fe|i~mej m`|h |ai ghfty|i~ ae~l l~mri

Ejh`k {m|a |aiwi {hyjl ni e bh~fe|mri irejye|mri w|yl}

gh`lyg|il n} N~m||em`* Kjh{egcm* M||i~wyf* e`l Oha`wh` m` >442

\aiwi ~iwie~gai~w bhy`l hy| |ae| eylmh jig|y~i {ew |ai fhw|

t~ibi~~il filme {m|a 225) !`6549- e`l |ae| m| aew kiì~e|il e

thwm|mri ibbig| h` w|yli`|w iqef gjemfw 1


26/117

M` e`h|ai~ w|yl} tynjmwail n} Ghtji} m` >44; mjjyw|~e|iw |ai

eg|yej ywi hb eylmh jig|y~iw ew thlgew|w Eggh~lm`k |h amf*

thlgew|w mw fecm`k e {e} bh~ by~|ai~ lirijhtfi`| hb lmw|e`gi

jie~`m`k M` ellm|mh`* ai w|e|iw |ae| wiri~ej y`mri~wm|miw e~i `h{

ywm`k thlgew|w |h t~hrmli wyttjifi`|e~} fe|i~mej bh~ w|yli`|w

\ai w|yli`|w {ah aeri eggiww |h |aiwi thlgew|w ge` ~irmi{ e`l

~irmwi |aif Ejwh* ai aew w|e|il wiri~ej w|e|mw|mgej irmli`gi m` |ai

`h|h~mi|} hb ywm`k eylmh ew e fie`w |h |~e`wfm| m`bh~fe|mh` Newil

b~hf amw w|yl}* w|yli`|w t~ibi~ |h lh{`jhel e` eylmh thlgew|

~e|ai~ |ae` e rmlih thlgew| E`l |ae| |ai ywi hb e` eylmh thlgew|w

{ew ~e|il e| e` eri~eki hb 441- Eggh~lm`k |h ai~* jmw|i`m`k |h eylmh

jig|y~iw mw e| jiew| ew ibbig|mri ew e||i`lm`k jig|y~iw m` fii|m`k

jie~`m`k hnoig|mriw \ai ~iwth`li`|w m` ai~ w|yl} ejwh ~e|il eggiww

|h eylmh jig|y~i ~igh~lm`kw |h ni e` eri~eki


27/117

m`bh~fe|mh`* m` ~iejm|} e||i`lm`k* |ai fie` wgh~i {ew 44=- {ah ejwh

ywil |eti(teftaji| m`liti`li`| jie~`m`k tegcekiw |h ghfte~i

jie~`m`k ibbmgeg} {m|a |ae| hb m|w ghfte`mh` jig|y~i M| {ew bhy`l

hy| |ae| |ai tegcekiw {i~i e| jiew| ew ibbig|mri ew |ai jig|y~iw m`

kiì~e|m`k nh|a wah~|& e`l jh`k&|i~f e||em`fi`| hb |aim~ m`|~m`wmg

jie~`m`k hnoig|mriw

M` `y~wm`k ilyge|mh`* Feek !>442- weml |ae| m` h~li~ |h fii|

|ai ìilw hb |ai @i| Kiì~e|mh`* |ai begyj|} bm`l |aifwijriw

lirijhtm`k lmw|e`gi ilyge|mh` ghy~wi e`l |iga`hjhk} M` wmfmje~

ettjmge|mh` |h `y~wm`k ilyge|mh`* e ghfte~mwh` hb |{h gjewwiw

m`rhjrm`k |~elm|mhèj jig|y~i e`l thlgew| {ew feli Rhk|*

Wgaebbì~* ^mne~* e`l Gaeriz !>454- bhy`l hy| |ae| |ai w|yli`|

{i~i hri~ejj we|mwbmil {m|a |ai thlgew|m`k iqti~mi`gi e`l ~ith~|il

thwm|mrij} h` m|w th~|enmjm|} e`l bjiqmnmjm|}

J}giyf @h~|a{iw|i~` Y`rmi~wm|} K~elye|i W|ylmiw Teki 5=


28/117

T~hrmlm`k e wyffe~}* |ai t~hgiww hb wijig|m`k e`

m`w|~yg|mhèj fi|ahl ~iuym~iw t~mh~ li|i~fmè|mh` hb |ai niaermh~ej

hnoig|mriw |h ni egghftjmwail e`l e` ewwiwwfi`| hb |ai jie~ì~w

{ah {mjj ni m`rhjril m` egamirm`k |ai hnoig|mriw Ejwh* gh`wmli~e|mh`

fyw| ni kmri` |h eremjenji ~iwhy~giw wyga ew |mfi* fhì}* wtegi*

e`l fe|i~mejw |h wytth~| jie~`m`k eg|mrm|miw \ai |iegai~ mw ejwh e`

mfth~|e`| re~menji m` |ai wijig|mh` e`l ibbig|mriìww hb e fi|ahl

[i e~i fhrm`k m`|h e ì{ |~i`l hb ilyge|m`k |ai w|yli`|w* {i ìil

|h elht| |h |ai |aiwi bh~ bie~ hb nim`k jib| niam`l [i fyw| ejjh{

|iga`hjhk} |h kymli yw m`|h ì{ b~h`|mi~w hb ilyge|mh` E`l |ai

ìq| lm~ig|mh` bh~ |ai ghy`|~} mw |h ri`|y~i m`|h ywm`k eylmh

jig|y~iw m` hy~ geftywiw

\aih~i|mgej B~efi{h~c

Ahjlm`k |amw w|yl} |hki|ai~ {hyjl ni |ai m`|i~|{m`m`k

|aih~miw {amga |ai ~iwie~gai~ e`gah~w ew |ai bhy`le|mh` bh~

t~hthwm`k |ai lirijhtfi`| e`l ywi hb eylmh jig|y~iw Hì hb |ai

|aih~miw ìilil |h wytth~| |amw w|yl} mw |ai jie~`m`k |aih~} c`h{`

ew m`bh~fe|mh` t~hgiwwm`k \amw |aih~} mw e ghk`m|mri ti~wtig|mri

|ae| iftaewmziw |am`cm`k t~hgiww? |ahyka|* ~iewh`m`k* |ai {e}

m`bh~fe|mh` mb i`ghy`|i~il e`l w|h~il* e`l fifh~} by`g|mh`

J}giyf @h~|a{iw|i~` Y`rmi~wm|} K~elye|i W|ylmiw Teki >4


29/117

!W|i~`ni~k* >449 ew gm|il n} Li]hy`k* >44=- \~egcm`k jie~`m`k

|a~hykahy| |ai re~mhyw w|ekiw mw aijtbyj m` ewwiwwm`k {ae|

aetti`w |h m`bh~fe|mh` ew m| mw ti~gimril* m`|i~t~i|il* e`l

~ififni~il n} iega jie~`i~* {amga* m` |y~` fe} wykkiw| {e}w hb

mft~hrm`k |ai w|~yg|y~i hb |ai jie~`m`k wm|ye|mh`w ew {ijj ew ah{ |h

gh~~ig| fmwgh`git|mh`w* lmw|h~|mh`w* e`l i~~h~w m` jie~`m`k [i {mjj

bm`l hy| ai~i |ae| m`bh~fe|mh` t~hgiwwm`k |eciw wiri~ej w|ekiw \ai

bm~w| w|eki m` |ai fifh~} t~hgiww m`rhjriw te}m`k e||i`|mh` |h

i`rm~h`fi`|ej w|mfyjm3 e||i`|mh`* |ai` mw |ai ci} |h jie~`m`k Mb |ai

w|yli`| mw `h| e||i`lm`k |h {ae| |ai |iegai~ mw we}m`k* t~hnenj}

nigeywi hb whfi lmw|~eg|mh`* |ai`* m| {hyjl ni {mwi |h gh`lyg|

jie~`m`k e| e`h|ai~ |mfi {ai` |ai w|yli`| mw fh~i ~igit|mri e`l

e||i`|mri M` |ai wigh`l w|eki* |ai m`bh~fe|mh` mw t~hgiwwil n} |ai

wi`wiw \amw mw {ai~i |ai w|yl} k~ie|j} e`gah~w m|wijb Ai~i m|

nighfiw mfth~|e`| |h gh`wmli~ |ai gjmi`|w t~ibi~~il fhli hb

wi`wh~} t~hgiwwm`k !rmwyej* eylm|h~}* h~ fh|h~ fe`mtyje|mh`- e`l

|h ewgi~|em` {ai|ai~ |ai~i e~i wi`wh~} libmgm|w Wm`gi |ai w|yl} mw

bhgywil h` |ai wi`wi hb aie~m`k ew |ai eri`yi |h ~igimri |ai

m`bh~fe|mh`* |amw |aih~} {mjj aijt yw iqtjem` |ai `iil |h

m`gh~th~e|i e` y`li~w|e`lm`k hb |ai wi`wiw |h y`li~w|e`l ah{

eylmh jig|y~iw ge` ni enwh~nil M` |ai |am~l w|eki* |ai m`bh~fe|mh`



30/117

mw |~e`wbh~fil e`l m`gh~th~e|il m`|h wah~|&|i~f fifh~}* eb|i~

{amga m| mw im|ai~ lmw~ike~lil e`l bh~kh||i` h~ w|h~il m` jh`k&|i~f

fifh~} Jh`k&|i~f fifh~} m`rhjriw |ai h~ke`mze|mh` hb

m`bh~fe|mh` n} ywm`k e t~ibi~~il w|~e|ik} bh~ w|h~eki !mi* mfeki~}*

ewwhgme|mh`* ~iaie~wej* h~ n~iecm`k m`bh~fe|mh` m`|h y`m|w- Ciwwijw

!>447 ew gm|il n} New|enji* >441- w|e|i |ae| m` |ai jew| w|eki {amga

m`rhjriw |ai eg|mh` h~ ~iwth`wi |ae| |ai m`lmrmlyej feciw h` |ai

newmw hb ah{ m`bh~fe|mh` {ew t~hgiwwil e`l w|h~il Ilyge|mh`

m`rhjriw ewwiwwm`k ah{ e jie~ì~ e||i`lw |h* t~hgiwwiw* e`l w|h~iw

|ai m`bh~fe|mh` |ae| mw t~iwi`|il* ew {ijj ew bm`lm`k {e}w |h

i`ghy~eki |ai ~i|i`|mh` e`l ~i|~mirej t~hgiww

Ejh`k {m|a |amw ghk`m|mri |aih~} mw Bjifm`k e`l Fmjjw !5==>*

ew gm|il n} New|enji* >441- RE^C Jie~`m`k W|}jiw Eggh~lm`k |h

|aif* |ai~i e~i bhy~ ge|ikh~miw h~ t~ibi~i`giw rmwyej* ey~ej* ~iel(

{~m|i* e`l cmìw|ai|mg \aiwi bhy~ wiif |h ~ibjig| jie~`m`k w|}ji

iqti~mi`giw hb |aim~ w|yli`|w RE^C mw |iga`mgejj} enhy| e ti~wh`w

t~ibi~i`gi bh~ |ecm`k m` e`l ty||m`k hy| m`bh~fe|mh` \ai w|yl}

ejwh |miw m|wijb |h |amw {h~c* nigeywi hì jie~`m`k w|}ji thm`|w |h e`

ey~ej jie~ì~ Ey~ej jie~ì~w iòh} jmw|i`m`k |h jig|y~iw* hb|i` ìil

lm~ig|mh`w ~iel ejhyl* e`l t~ibi~ |h lmwgyww |htmgw e`l bh~f w|yl}

k~hytw [i ge` |eci `h|i |ae| ey~ej jie~ì~ bhgyw h` |ai wi`wi hb

J}giyf @h~|a{iw|i~` Y`rmi~wm|} K~elye|i W|ylmiw Teki >>


31/117

aie~m`k {amga m`bh~fe|mh` t~hgiwwm`k w|e|iw mw w|eki |{h m` |ai

t~hgiww \ai ywi hb eylmh jig|y~iw nim`k fem`j} |e~ki|il |h ni

ti~gimril |a~hyka |ai wi`wi hb aie~m`k mw nim`k wytth~|il n} |aiwi

|{h |aih~miw

Gh`git|yej B~efi{h~c

\h eykfi`| |ai w|~i`k|a hb |aih~i|mgej wytth~| m` |amw w|yl}*

|ai ~iwie~gai~ aew m`gjylil |ai jie~`m`k t}~efml \amw mw |ai

t~hlyg| hb ~iwie~ga b~hf |ai @e|mhèj \~em`m`k Jenh~e|h~miw !e`

elet|e|mh`* New|enji >441- {amga litmg|w e` mfth~|e`| jie~`m`k

t~m`gmtji |ae|* ew iq|i`wmri ~iwie~ga wah{w* tihtji ~i|em`

m`bh~fe|mh` e| e amkai~ ~e|i mb |ai} e~i eg|mrij} m`rhjril m` |ai

jie~`m`k t~hgiww \ai ibbig|mriìww hb |iegam`k e`l jie~`m`k mw

k~ie|j} iàe`gil {ai` m`w|~yg|mhèj fe|i~mejw e~i ywil |h

w|mfyje|i fyj|mtji wi`wiw e`l fhliw hb jie~`m`k \ai ~iwie~gai~

{hyjl jmci |h |eci elre`|eki hb |amw ~iwie~ga m` |ae|* |ai eylmh

jig|y~i {mjj |e~ki| aie~m`k bh~ e ~i|i`|mri th|i`|mej hb >4) M| {mjj ni

e fe||i~ hb m`gjylm`k wtiecm`k* {m|a |ai ywi hb uyiw|mh`w e`l

teywiw bh~ e`w{i~m`k m` |ai eylmh jig|y~i |h m`g~iewi |ai ~i|i`|mri

th|i`|mej hb eylmh jig|y~i |h ;4)



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^ielm`k!teftaji|w*nhhcw*m`w|~yg;h`waii|-54)

Aie~m`k!eylmh|etiw*~elmh*GLw->4)

Wiim`k!wjmliw*thw|i~w*tmg|y~iw*tah|hw*nyjji;`nhe~lw-74)

Wiim`ke`lAie~m`k

!rmlih|etiw*LRLw*|ijirmwmh`-94)

Wtiecm`ke`l(h~[~m;`k

!\ijigh`bi~i`gm`k*{h~cwaii|w*GEM-4)

Wtiicm`ke`lLhm`k

!t~eg;gm`k{m|afhlijwe`l~iej

hnoig|w-=4)

Bmky~i 5.5 Jie~`m`k T}~efml

Wgaife|mg Lmek~ef hb |ai Gh`git|yej B~efi{h~c hb |ai W|yl}

\ai re~menjiw |ae| e~i khm`k |h ni w|ylmil ai~i e~i |ai

gae~eg|i~mw|mgw hb eylmh jig|y~i ew |h m|w tegcekm`k* gh`|i`|* e`l

lijmri~} e`l {ai|ai~ |ai} ge` fii| |ai we|mwbeg|mh` hb w|yli`|w bh~

|aim~ jie~`m`k E`h|ai~ gh`git| |h ni gh`wmli~il {hyjl ni |ai

J}giyf @h~|a{iw|i~` Y`rmi~wm|} K~elye|i W|ylmiw Teki >


33/117

|iegam`k t~hgiww m|wijb {ai~im` |ai ~iwie~gai~ t~hthwiw e nyllm`k

m`w|~yg|mh`ej fi|ahl |h |~e`wfm| m`bh~fe|mh`* {amga mw e` eylmh

jig|y~i Kmri` ejj hb |aiwi gh`git|w |hki|ai~* {i ge` tmigi |hki|ai~

e b~efi{h~c i`ghftewwm`k |ai |iegam`k e`l jie~`m`k t~hgiww {m|a

eylmh jig|y~i wi~rm`k ew |ai m`ty|* e`l |ai we|mwbeg|mh` hb ywm`k

eylmh jig|y~iw e`l jie~`m`k ew |ai hy|ty| hb |ai w|yl}



34/117


Bmky~i5.>

Lmek

~efh

bGh`git|yejB~ef

i{h~c

M`gh~th~e

|mhhbEylmh

Jig|y~im`

Fem`w|~ief

Ilyge|mh`

bh~@y~wm`k

H

ri~ejjWe|mwbeg|mh`3

Eggit|enmjm|}*e`l

Ettiej

Irejye|mh`hb

Ghft~iai`wmriìwwe`l

îjmenmjm|}

T~hthwilEylmhJig|y~i

&Ti~mhti~e|mri@y~wm`k

ewtmjh|

\~e`wg~mnil

Ti~mhti~e|mriJig|y~ibh~

îgh~lm`k

Gy~~i`|\iegam`k

W|~e|ikmiw


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W|e|ifi`| hb |ai T~hnjif

\amw w|yl} emfw |h g~ie|i e ri~m|enji e`l eggit|enji eylmh jig|y~i

h` Filmgej&Wy~kmgej @y~wm`k Wtigmbmgejj}* m| mw |e~ki|il |h e`w{i~?

5 [ae| e~i |ai gy~~i`| |iegam`k w|~e|ikmiw nim`k iftjh}il

m` |ai Ghjjiki hb @y~wm`k hb Ghjikmh Li Lekyte` bh~

|iegam`k Filmgej&Wy~kmgej @y~wm`k&Ti~mhti~e|mri @y~wm`k8

> [ae| fe|i~mej ge` ni lirijhtil e`l t~iwi`|il |h

i`ae`gi |iegam`k Ti~mhti~e|mri @y~wm`k |a~hyka fhli~`

|iga`hjhk} eri`yiw wyga ew filme lirmgiw8

7 Ah{ ghft~iai`wmnji e~i |ai fe|i~mejw ew ti~gimril n} |ai

bhjjh{m`k m` |i~fw hb |ai ~iwyj|w hb e jmw|i`m`k |iw| e`l

thw||iw|8

;


36/117

fe|i~mejw bh~ |ai |iegam`k hb ti~mhti~e|mri `y~wm`k m`

|i~fw hb?

e Tegcekm`k

n Gh`|i`|

g Lijmri~}

Ewwyft|mh`w

5 Jie~`m`k ge` ni egamiril |a~hyka e re~mi|} hb {e}w

liti`li`| h` |ai lijmri~} hb |ai gh`|i`| n} |ai |iegai~

> M`bh~fe|mh` ge` ni |~e`wfm||il |a~hyka re~mhyw gae``ijw

ywm`k ayfe` wi`wiw

7 M`rhjrm`k fyj|mtji wi`wiw m` jie~`m`k e fe|i~mej {mjj m`g~iewi

|ai ~i|i`|mri th|i`|mej

Wghti e`l Lijmfm|e|mh` hb |ai W|yl}

\amw w|yl} mw bhgywil h` lmwghri~m`k |ai t~ilhfm`e`|

|iegam`k w|~e|ik} iftjh}il n} |ai `y~wi ilyge|h~w m` |ai |iegam`k

hb Filmgej&Wy~kmgej @y~wm`k m` Ti~mhti~e|mri @y~wm`k Bh~ |amw

~iewh`* |ai w|yl} {hyjl jmci |h t~hthwi e` eylmh jig|y~i newil h`

|ai iqmw|m`k gy~~mgyjyf* |ai GAIL Fifh~e`lyf H~li~ @h 544= |h wi~ri ew e w|e`le~l bh~ |ai Negaijh~ hb Wgmi`gi m`



37/117

@y~wm`k T~hk~ef e`l h` |ai |iegam`k hb e bmijl hb wtigmejmze|mh`

Filmgej Wy~kmgej @y~wm`k* te~|mgyje~j} Ti~mhti~e|mri @y~wm`k M|

ghyjl ni `h|il |ae| Ti~mhti~e|mri @y~wm`k mw wijig|il t~mfe~mj}

nigeywi hb |ai ~iwie~gai~w m`|i~iw| m` |ai bmijl e`l jmci{mwi ew e

t~ifmi~ wynoig| |h w|e~| hbb |amw w|yl} h` eylmh jig|y~iw \ai |e~ki|

wi||m`k bh~ |ai mftjifi`|e|mh` hb |amw eylmh jig|y~i {mjj ni e|

Ghjikmh Li Lekyte`* Ghjjiki hb @y~wm`k |amw wm|i {ew gahwi`

t~mfe~mj} nigeywi m| mw |ai newi ghjjiki hb |ai ~iwie~gai~ {m|a e

feww hb te~|mgmte`|w eremjenji

\ai w|yl} {mjj ni jmfm|il |aih~i|mgejj} n} |ai gh`|i`| hb |ai

eylmh jig|y~i \ai ~iwie~gai~ mw e{e~i hb |ai f}~mel hb gh`|i`|

eremjenji bh~ Filmgej&Wy~kmgej @y~wm`k e`l Ti~mhti~e|mri @y~wm`k

\ai jm|i~e|y~i gae`kiw iri~} wh hb|i` |ae| |ai gh`|i`| fe} `h| ni

yt&|h&le|i ew m| m`|i`lil |h ni \amw fe} wi~ri ew e tje|bh~f bh~

gh`|m`ym`k ~irmwmh` hb |ai eylmh jig|y~i Ellil |h |amw {hyjl ni |ai

lirijhtfi`|w m` |ai bmijl |ae| |ai ~iwie~gai~ fe} `h| aeri eggiww

|h wyga ew ohy~`ej tynjmge|mh`w e`l ejwh |ai lije}il ~ijiewi hb

|iq|nhhcw m` |ai ghy`|~} I~kh* |ai ~iwie~gai~ mw jmfm|il |h |ai

eremjenji jm|i~e|y~i h` Filmgej&Wy~kmgej @y~wm`k h` |ai |mfi |ae|

|ai eylmh jig|y~i mw nim`k lirijhtil By~|ai~fh~i* |ai ~iwie~gai~w

irejye|mh` hb hri~ejj we|mwbeg|mh` fe} thm`| |h e ghfte~mwh`

J}giyf @h~|a{iw|i~` Y`rmi~wm|} K~elye|i W|ylmiw Teki >=


38/117

ni|{ii` k~hytw* {amji |amw iqamnm|mh` mw w|~h`k* |ai ~iwie~gai~ fe}

`h| aeri ghftji|i gh`|~hj hri~ iq|~eìhyw re~menjiw* wyga ew |ai

i`rm~h`fi`| {ai~i |ai ~iwth`li`| mw m`3 |ai gh`ghfm|e`| eg|mrm|miw

hb |ai ~iwth`li`|3 h|ai~ lmw|~eg|m`k w|mfyjm |ai ~iwth`li`| mw

~igimrm`k3 e`l |ai ywi hb h|ai~ jie~`m`k fi|ahlw h~ |hhjw* {amga

{mjj ebbig| |ai ti~gimril we|mwbeg|mh` |h ejjh{ ghfte~mwh`

\ai~ibh~i* |ai ~iwie~gai~ ywiw h`j} le|e hb wijb&~ith~| ti~gimril

we|mwbeg|mh`

Mfth~|e`gi hb |ai W|yl}

\ai ~iwie~gai~ liifw wiri~ej mfth~|w hb |ai hy|ghfi e`l

t~hgiww hb |amw w|yl} T~mfe~mj}* ew e ~ibjig|mh` h` |ai |~e`wm|mh` |h

lmkm|mzil m`bh~fe|mh`* |ai ~iwie~gai~ ejh`k {m|a h|ai~w {ah aeri

m`|i~iw|w m` e`l~ekhk}* lmw|e`gi h~ i&jie~`m`k* m`|~m`wmg jie~`m`k*

|ai w|yl} mw tywam`k bh~ e` iàe`gil jie~`m`k iqti~mi`gi `h| oyw|

gh`bmìl |h |ai gjeww~hhf wi||m`k C`h{jiw !5=144=- {ew |ai niw| c`h{` |h |aih~mzi enhy| elyj|

jie~`m`k gh`git|w {amga |amw w|yl} ~iri~ni~e|iw {m|a \ai

~iwth`li`|w e~i ghjjikme|i w|yli`|w e`l e~i gh`wmli~enj} elyj|w

E`l~ekhk} tywaiw t~m`gmtjiw {amga wite~e|i |ai tilekhk}&jieì~

b~hf |ai elyj| jie~ì~ Cmij}* We`lfe``* e`l \~ygc !>44


39/117

gm|il n} Li]hy`k* >44=- w|e|iw |ae| |iegai~w hb elyj|w wahyjl aeri

gh`bmli`gi m` |ai jie~ì~w enmjm|miw |h wijb&tje` jie~`m`k

iqti~mi`giw {amga eylmh jig|y~i mw enhy| e`l wahyjl amf& h~

ai~wijb ew |ecm`k te~| m` e lmejhkyi efh`k iuyejw

\h |ai Ghffmwwmh` h` Amkai~ Ilyge|mh` e`l h|ai~ eki`gmiw

|ae| e~i |e~ki|m`k gh`|m`ym`k ilyge|mh`* |amw w|yl} wi~riw |h t~htij

elyj| jie~`m`k {ai~im` |ai k~ie|i~ {imka| mw kmri` |h |ai m`|~m`wmg

fh|mre|mh` hb jie~ì~w ywyejj} bhy`l m` ghjjikme|i ilyge|mh` e`l

k~elye|i w|ylmiw Eykfi`|m`k |h |amw {hyjl ni |ai by~|ai~e`gi hb

ywm`k |iga`hjhk} ew e` eml m` ilyge|m`k |ai fewwiw m` |aim~ bmijlw

hb m`|i~iw| {ai~im` |ai tynjmg fe} aeri eggiww |h ~i|~mirenji

m`bh~fe|mh` {m|a e` eylm|h~} filmyf \ai mftjmge|mh`w hb w|ittm`k

m`|h |ai lmkm|ej eki {mjj e`gah~ Tamjmttmì ilyge|mh` |h ni kjhnejj}

ghfti|m|mri m` |ae| e` eri`yi bh~ jie~`m`k {mjj ni htiìl `h| oyw|

|h |ahwi {ah e~i {m|am` |ai gjeww~hhf ny| iwwi`|mejj} |h |ahwi {ah

aeri |ai fie`w hb eguym~m`k |amw tegcekil m`bh~fe|mh` \ejcm`k

enhy| tegcekil m`bh~fe|mh`* lmkm|mze|mh` hb m`bh~fe|mh` ejjh{w bh~

w|h~eki e`l |~e`wbi~ hb le|e {m|ahy| nim`k ta}wmgejj} fe`mbiw|

wyga ew teti~ e`l nhhcw Ew jh`k ew |ai le|e mw wigy~il m` e le|e

ne`c* m| ge` ni ywil hri~ e jh`k ti~mhl hb |mfi {m|ahy| |ai ta}wmgej

~iuym~ifi`|w hb wtegi Jmci{mwi* GAIL {mjj ejwh niìbm| b~hf |ai



40/117

gh`git| |ae| ~irmwmh`w hb lmkm|ej le|e {mjj ni iewmi~ e`l mw aew|iìl

t~mfe~mj} nigeywi m| aew ej~iel} nii` i`ghlil ijig|~h`mgejj}*

|ai~ibh~i* e`} gae`kiw liifil ìgiwwe~} ge` iewmj} ni ty| m`|h

tjegi [i e~i e{e~i |ae| m` |ai jh`k ~y`* ejfhw| ejj m`bh~fe|mh`

{mjj ni lmkm|mzil* e`l |amw w|yl} mw ej~iel} aielil |h |ae| mìrm|enji

by|y~i

\h |ai Y`mri~wm|} Elfm`mw|~e|h~w e`l |ai Lm~ig|h~w bh~

Egelifmg Ebbem~w* |ai w|yl} {mjj ni hb k~ie| aijt m` |ai

mftjifi`|e|mh` hb e ì{ tje|bh~f hb ilyge|m`k |ai w|yli`|w Ejh`k

|amw jmì* |ai} e~i iòhmìl m` |ai gh`git|yejmze|mh` hb h|ai~ eylmh

jig|y~iw |h t~hrmli |ai w|yli`|w e` ej|i~è|mri |iegam`k fi|ahl

B~h`|jm`m`k |ai irhjy|mh` b~hf |~elm|mhèj |h by|y~mw|mg ilyge|mh`

aew bejji` |h |ai elfm`mw|~e|h~w m` |ai gejj bh~ gae`ki* bh~ gae`ki mw

mìrm|enji e`l ìgiwwe~} \amw w|yl} {mjj m`g~iewi |ai le|e thhj

eremjenji |h |ai y`mri~wm|} |a~hyka lmkm|mze|mh` hb le|e

\h |ai Lie`w* |amw w|yl} {mjj aijt |aif m` mftjifi`|m`k |ai

gy~~mgyjyf {m|a e` ellil re~me`gi hb lijmri~} Ew |ai mffilme|i

jieli~w hb e ghjjiki* |ai} e~i ejwh iòhmìl {m|a |ai elfm`mw|~e|h~w

m` |ai ywi hb |iga`hjhk} |h t~hrmli ilyge|mh` |h |ai ay`k~} e`l

ieki~&}hy`k fm`lw hb |ai }hy|a Lie`w {mjj niìbm| b~hf |ai w|yl}



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m` wyga ew e {e} |ae| |ai} e~i ifth{i~il n} |iga`hjhk} e`l e~i

`h jh`ki~ gh~ì~il |h w|ekè|mh` ny| mw fhril |h{e~lw l}èfmwf

m` |aim~ ghjjikiw

\h |ai @y~wi Ilyge|h~w* |amw tje|bh~f {mjj n~mlki |ai ket

ni|{ii` |ai |iegai~ e`l |ai jie~ì~ [ai` |ai m`bh~fe|mh`* mb

feli eremjenji |h e` iq|i`wmrij} je~ki k~hyt* |ae| mw |ai ghjjiki

ghffy`m|}* m| mw `h jh`ki~ |ai |iegai~ {ah aew |h bm`l* bmj|i~* e`l

lijmri~ \ai |iegai~ aew nii` feli |ai begmjm|e|h~ hb jie~`m`k

~e|ai~ |ae` |ai why~gi hb m`bh~fe|mh` @h| oyw| |h iewi |ai ohn hb

|ai |iegai~* ny| aerm`k eylmh jig|y~i eremjenji m`g~iewiw |ai

m`bh~fe|mh` |ae| ghyjl ni mfte~|il |h w|yli`|w Jie~`m`k aew

nighfi bjiqmnji e`l mw `h jh`ki~ gh`bmìl |h |ai ~mkml |mfi wgailyji

hb gjeww~hhf ettie~e`giw \ai |iegai~w enmjm|miw e~i ejwh w|~i|gail

m` |ai lijmri~} hb e jie~`m`k gh`|i`| \ai} fe} w|mjj ywi |~elm|mhèj

fi|ahlw wyga ew jig|y~iw e`l lmwgywwmh`w* ny| `h{ aeri e`

htth~|y`m|} |h fhlmb} |aif |h m`gjyli e`l elrhge|i |iga`hjhk}

\h |ai w|yli`|w {ah e~i |ai fem` |e~ki|w bh~ |ai ywi hb |amw

w|yl}* |ai} e~i k~ie|j} niìbm|il m` e {e} |ae| m| {mjj we|mwb} |aim~

ay`ki~ bh~ re~mi|} m` jie~`m`k iqti~mi`gi m` |ai gjeww~hhf \ai}

e~i ejwh i`~mgail n} aerm`k |amw tje|bh~f lijmri~il n} whfi|am`k



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|ae| mw k~h{m`k {m|a |aif ifi~km`k |iga`hjhk} W|yli`|w fmww

jig|y~iw bh~ e re~mi|} hb ~iewh`w M| fe} ni mjjìww* e befmj} g~mwmw h~

ti~aetw e te~|&|mfi ohn |ae| gjewaiw {m|a hì h~ fh~i |mfi|enjil

jig|y~iw E` eylmh ~igh~lm`k hb |ai jig|y~i ge` aijt wyga w|yli`|w

|h ciit yt {m|a |ai {h~c hb |ai gjeww Jmci{mwi* m| mw lmbbmgyj| |h

|eci m` ì{ gh`git|w e`l fi|ahlw |ai bm~w| |mfi |ai} e~i

t~iwi`|il Eylmh ~igh~lm`kw ejjh{ |ai fe|i~mej |h ni ~irmwm|il ew

hb|i` ew ìgiwwe~} |h ghft~iai`l |ai ì{ fe|i~mej E`l eylmh

~igh~lm`k hb jig|y~iw ejwh hbbi~ w|yli`|w e` htth~|y`m|} |h i`keki

m` m`liti`li`| jie~`m`k M` ellm|mh`* c`h{m`k |ae| e` eylmh

~igh~lm`k hb |ai jig|y~i {mjj ni feli eremjenji eb|i~ |ai iri`| b~iiw

|ai w|yli`| b~hf aerm`k |h byjj} |eci h~ e``h|e|i `h|iw ly~m`k |ai

jig|y~i \amw ejjh{w w|yli`|w |h gh`gi`|~e|i h` |ai fe|i~mej nim`k

t~iwi`|il e`l |h te~|mgmte|i m` e`} lmwgywwmh` |ae| |eciw tjegi

!c`h{m`k |ae| |ai lmwgywwmh` {mjj ejwh ni eremjenji h` |ai eylmh

~igh~lm`k-

Libm`m|mh` hb \i~fw

EEG. \amw ~ibi~w |h Elre`gil Eylmh Ghlm`k* e w|e`le~lmzil

ghft~iwwmh` e`l i`ghlm`k wgaifi bh~ lmkm|ej eylmh



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E`l~ekhk}. \amw ~ibi~w |h |ai wgmi`gi hb |iegam`k elyj|w Gh`wmw|w

hb jie~`m`k w|~e|ikmiw bhgywil h` elyj|w

Eylmh jig|y~i. \amw ~ibi~w |h e ~igh~lil jie~`m`k fe|i~mej m` |ai

bh~f hb e` eylmh bmji {amga ghyjl iqmw| m` e re~mi|} hb bmji

bh~fe|w wyga ew ft7 h~ EEG

Lh{`jhel.\amw ~ibi~w |h |ai t~hgiww hb eguym~m`k lmkm|ej bmjiw b~hf

e le|e wi~ri~ |a~hyka e` m`|i~ì| gh`ìg|mh`

mThl \amw ~ibi~w |h e` Ettji n~e`l fywmg tje}i~

m\yìw \amw ~ibi~w |h Ettji Ghfty|i~ Gh~th~e|mh`+w ri~wmh` hb e

fyj|mfilme tje}i~ !ghfty|i~ ettjmge|mh`- Mb |ai ghfty|i~ mw

gh`ìg|il |h |ai M`|i~ì| e`l |ai ti~wh` ~y``m`k |ai

t~hk~ef ~iuyiw|w eggiww |h Ettji+w wm|i* m\yìw ge` eguym~i

gh`|i`| wyga ew ~iej&|mfi ~elmh n~helgew|w* eylmh* le|e bmjiw*

e`l(h~ rmwyej bmjiw b~hf thlgew| wm|iw* fywmg bmjiw b~hf

Ettji+w m\yìw w|h~i !whfi hb |aiwi fywmg bmjiw e~i b~ii3 whfi

aeri e bmqil bii-* e`l ghy~wi gh`|i`| |a~hyka gh`ìg|mh` |h

m\yìwY !wii nijh{- \ai ahfi teki bh~ m\yìw ge` ni bhy`l

e| a||t?(({{{ettjighf

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m\yìw Y \amw wi~rmgi* t~hrmlil n} Ettji Ghfty|i~ Gh~th~e|mh`*

ejjh{w m`w|~yg|h~w hb fifni~ m`w|m|y|mh`w |h ytjhel

fyj|mfilme bmjiw e`l ~ije|il ghy~wi fe|i~mejw |h |ai m\yìwY

[in wm|i \ai ~igh~lm`kw hb |ai gjeww~hhf wiwwmh`w e`l

wytth~|m`k fe|i~mejw e~i eggiwwil |a~hyka |ai m\yìw

ettjmge|mh` n} khm`k |h |ai m\yìw w|h~i* |ai` wijig|m`k

thlgew|w

ft7.\amw ~ibi~w |h e` eylmh bmji ghft~iwwmh` w|e`le~l ywil n}

|ai ~igh~lm`k m`lyw|~}

ft7 tje}i~.\amw ~ibi~w |h e` ijig|~h`mg lirmgi getenji hb eylmh

tje}negc b~hf weril ft7 bmjiw

Thlgew|. \amw ~ibi~w |h e wi| hb eylmh bmjiw |ae| ti~|em` |h hì

|aifi \aiwi bmjiw e~i ywyejj}* ny| `h| ej{e}w* hn|emìl n}

~iuyiw|m`k e wynwg~mt|mh` |h |ai thlgew| wm|i ywm`k

t~ht~mi|e~} whb|{e~i wyga ew m\yìw \ai t~hgiww hb

wynwg~mnm`k |h e thlgew| ywyejj} nikm`w {m|a hn|em`m`k |ai

ell~iww hb |ai thlgew| \amw mw |}tmgejj} bhjjh{il n} e ~iuyiw|

b~hf |ai whb|{e~i |ae| e`} ytle|iw ni ey|hfe|mgejj}

lh{`jhelil |h |ai ~iuyiw|m`k ghfty|i~ {aiìri~ ytle|iw |h

|ai thlgew| wm|i e~i feli !ew jh`k ew |ai ~iuyiw|m`k whb|{e~i

mw iqigy|m`k- E`h|ai~ {e} |h hn|em` |ai bmjiw b~hf |ai



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thlgew| wm|i mw |h rmwm| |ai jhge|mh` hb |ai wm|i ywm`k e [h~jl

[mli [in n~h{wi~ lm~ig|j} \ai ywi~ fe} |ai` wijig| b~hf

|ai jmw| hb eylmh bmjiw lm~ig|j} n} gjmgcm`k h` |ai jm`c !h~

mfeki- hb |ai eylmh bmji |ae| mw hb m`|i~iw| \ai eylmh bmjiw |ae|

e~i te~| hb |ai thlgew| e~i m` ft7 w|e`le~l eylmh bh~fe|

e`l ge` ni tje}il n} e`} ghfty|i~

J}giyf @h~|a{iw|i~` Y`rmi~wm|} K~elye|i W|ylmiw Teki 7;


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tje``m`k* mftjifi`|e|mh`* e`l irejye|mh` \ai |{h e~i lmbbi~i`| m`

|ae| |ai `y~wm`k t~hgiww bhgywiw h` tje``m`k e`l mftjifi`|e|mh`

hb ge~i newil h` |ai ewwiwwfi`| e`l lmek`hwmw hb |ai ta}wmgej e`l

tw}gahwhgmej ìilw hb |ai te|mi`| \ai ilyge|mh` t~hgiww* h` |ai

h|ai~ ae`l bhgywiw h` |ai tje``m`k e`l mftjifi`|e|mh` hb

|iegam`k newil h` e` ewwiwwfi`| e`l t~mh~m|mze|mh` hb |ai gjmi`|w

jie~`m`k ìilw* ~ielmìww |h jie~`* e`l jie~`m`k w|}jiw !Ge~ti`|i~

e`l Nijj* >44>-

[i {hyjl |eci `h|i |ae| |ai ilyge|mh` t~hgiww m`rhjriw e

|iegai~* e`l |ae| |iegai~ ge` ni e `y~wi Bh~ fe`} }ie~w*

h~ke`mze|mh` khri~`m`k e`l m`bjyi`gm`k `y~wiw m` t~eg|mgi aeri

mli`|mbmil |iegam`k ew e` iwwi`|mej ~iwth`wmnmjm|} hb ejj ~ikmw|i~il

`y~wiw m` ge~m`k bh~ nh|a {ijj e`l mjj gjmi`|w Nhliàimfi~ e`l

h|ai~w !>44>- aeri iqt~iwwil |ae| |ai ~hji hb `y~wiw ew |iegai~ hb

te|mi`|w e`l befmjmiw* w|ebb* e`l w|yli`|w gi~|em`j} w|if b~hf e

te~|ì~wamt tamjhwhta} e`l |ae| mw e jie~ì~ ge``h| ni feli |h

jie~`* ny| e` ibbig|mri ett~hega m` ilyge|m`k h|ai~w mw |h eg|mrij}

m`rhjri jie~ì~w m` |ai ilyge|mh` t~hgiww Lh`ì~ e`l h|ai~w

!>449- fe} ìke|i |ai getenmjm|miw hb |ai `y~wi ew e` ilyge|h~ m`

|ae| ej|ahyka n} jmgi`wi* `y~wiw e~i iqtig|il |h |iega* bi{ aeri

iri~ ael bh~fej t~ite~e|mh` m` |ai t~m`gmtjiw hb |iegam`k e`l



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jie~`m`k E je{ wmk`mbmge`| bh~ |ai eggit|enmjm|} hb `y~wiw ew

ilyge|h~w ge` ni bhy`l m` îtynjmg Eg| @h =5;7 c`h{` ew |ai

Tamjmttmì @y~wm`k Eg| hb >44> {amga ligje~iw y`li~ E~|mgji R

Wig|mh` >; |ae| m` h~li~ bh~ e `y~wi |h nighfi e begyj|} hb |ai

ghjjiki hb `y~wm`k* wai fyw| ni e ~ikmw|i~il `y~wi3 aeri e| jiew|

hì }ie~ iqti~mi`gi hb gjm`mgej t~eg|mgi3 mw e fifni~ hb khhl

w|e`lm`k m` |ai egg~ilm|il t~hbiwwmhèj h~ke`mze|mh` hb `y~wiw3 e`l

ni e ahjli~ hb e few|i~w lik~ii m` `y~wm`k* ilyge|mh`* h~ h|ai~

ejjmil aiej|a wgmi`giw gh`bi~~il n} e ghjjiki hb y`mri~wm|} lyj}

~ighk`mzil n} |ai Khri~`fi`| hb |ai îtynjmg hb |ai Tamjmttmìw

Kmri` ejj |aiwi t~igili`|w* |ai `y~wi* t~hrmlil |ai uyejmbmge|mh` mw

jikejj} ejjh{il |h |iega Y`li~ |ai wefi je{* |ai `y~wi mw ejwh

|ewcil |h kymli e`l wyti~rmwi `y~wm`k w|yli`|w kmrm`k |ai `y~wi

ey|ah~m|} m` |ai |iegam`k by`g|mh`

\ai `y~wi&ilyge|h~ {mjj ejwh ni begm`k w|yli`|w ~e`km`k

eg~hww |{h eki k~hytw* b~hf |ai elhjiwgi`| ti~mhl |h }hy`k

elyj|ahhl M| mw {mwi |h y`li~w|e`l |ai uyejm|miw hb |ai jie~ì~w |h

begmjm|e|i |ai lirijhtfi`| hb ett~ht~me|i |iegam`k w|~e|ikmiw

eggh~lm`k |h |ai jie~`m`k \ai elhjiwgi`| ti~mhl nikm`w b~hf eki

5> yt |h 5= }ie~w Elhjiwgi`|w re~} k~ie|j} m` |aim~ nmhjhkmgej*

tw}gahjhkmgej* whgmej* e`l ghk`m|mri lirijhtfi`| !We`|~hgc* >4423



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Re`li~ _e`li`* i| ej* >44;- Tmeki| !5=95* 5=9>* 5=;2- |i~fil

|amw w|eki hb ghk`m|mri lirijhtfi`| ew |ai ti~mhl hb bh~fej

hti~e|mh`w Elhjiwgi`|w aeri e||emìl e ì{ amkai~&h~li~ jirij hb

~iewh`m`k wyti~mh~ |h ie~jmi~ gamjlahhl |ahyka|w \ai} e~i getenji

hb enw|~eg| |ahyka| e`l ghftjiq jhkmgej ~iewh`m`k liwg~mnil ew

t~hthwm|mhèj ew htthwil |h w}jjhkmw|mg \aim~ ~iewh`m`k mw nh|a

m`lyg|mri e`l lilyg|mri e`l |ai} e~i enji |h a}th|aiwmzi e`l ettj}

|ai t~m`gmtjiw hb jhkmg |h wm|ye|mh`w ìri~ i`ghy`|i~il nibh~i

Iuymttil {m|a |amw e~wièj hb ghk`m|mri getenmjm|miw* |ai |iegai~

fe} ywi eylmhrmwyej fe|i~mejw m` |ai bh~f hb ghfty|i~w*

eylmh|etiw* rmlih|etiw* wmfyje|il kefiw* e`l m`|i~eg|mri lmwgw

ywm`k |ai ae~l{e~i hb \R* eylmhgewwi||i |eti tje}i~w* e`l

ghfty|i~w \aiwi e~i ghfbh~|enji ett~hega |h jie~`m`k bh~

elhjiwgi`|w* {ah kiì~ejj} aeri begmjm|} {m|a |iga`hjhkmgej

iuymtfi`| Ew bh~ |ai lirijhtfi`|ej w|ekiw hb elyj|ahhl* |ai

~iwie~gai~ {hyjl jmci |h m`|~hlygi |ai gh`git| hb e`l~ekhk} {amga

mw e |i~fil ghmìl n} C`h{jiw m` 5==4 |h liwg~mni amw |aih~} hb

elyj| jie~`m`k E`l~ekhk} mw |ai e~| e`l wgmi`gi hb |iegam`k elyj|w

Ai by~|ai~ w|e|iw |ae| ilyge|mh` {m|am` |amw b~efi{h~c mw fh~i

jie~ì~ gi`|i~il e`l jiww |iegai~ gi`|i~il3 |ae| mw* m`w|iel hb hì

te~|} mfte~|m`k c`h{jilki h` e`h|ai~* |ai th{i~ ~ije|mh`wamt



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ni|{ii` |ai ilyge|h~ e`l |ai elyj| jie~ì~ mw fh~i ah~mzh`|ej \ai

ti~mhl hb elyj|ahhl gh`w|m|y|iw |a~ii feoh~ lirijhtfi`|ej w|ekiw

|ai }hy`k elyj| w|eki* |ai fmllji&ekil elyj| w|eki* e`l |ai hjli~

elyj| w|eki Hy~ gh`gi~` mw |ai }hy`k elyj| w|eki Nigeywi |amw

k~hyt |i`lw |h ni ri~} wijb&lm~ig|il m` |aim~ ett~hega |h jie~`m`k*

}hy`k elyj|w lh {ijj {m|a {~m||i` te|mi`| ilyge|mh` fe|i~mejw e`l

eylmhrmwyej |hhjw* m`gjylm`k ghfty|i~&ewwmw|il m`w|~yg|mh`* |ae|

ejjh{ |aif |h m`liti`li`|j} wijb&tegi |aim~ jie~`m`k

M` gahhwm`k e |iegam`k w|~e|ik} bh~ |ai elhjiwgi`| e`l elyj|

jie~ì~* |ai |iegai~ fyw| gh`wmli~ wiri~ej beg|h~w New|enji !>441-

w|e|iw |ae| |ai~i mw `h hì ti~big| fi|ahl bh~ |iegam`k ejj jie~ì~w

m` ejj wi||m`kw @im|ai~ ge` e`} ett~hega gae`ki niaermh~ m` ejj

|a~ii lhfem`w bh~ jie~`m`k [ae|iri~ |ai fi|ahl gahwi* wai we}w*

{mjj ywyejj} ni fhw| ibbig| mb ywil m` ghòy`g|mh` {m|a h|ai~

m`w|~yg|mhèj |iga`muyiw e`l |hhjw |h ht|mfmzi jie~`m`k \ai

mfth~|e`gi hb wijig|m`k ett~ht~me|i fi|ahlw |h fii| |ai ìilw hb

jie~ì~w wahyjl `h| ni y`li~iw|mfe|il Eggh~lm`k |h Fywm`wcm

!5===-* |ai `y~wi ilyge|h~ by`g|mh`w m` e rm|ej ~hji hb begmjm|e|h~ n}

t~hrmlm`k kymle`gi e`l wytth~| bh~ jie~`m`k Iri` |ahyka e

|iegai~ fe} ~ij} h` hì fi|ahl t~ilhfmè`|j}* |ae| wm`kji fi|ahl

mw ~e~ij} elai~il |h m` ty~i bewamh` e`l mw hb|i` e ghfnmè|mh` hb



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re~mhyw fi|ahlw \h mjjyw|~e|i |amw gewi* ji| yw jhhc e| e` iqeftji?

|ai jig|y~i fi|ahl fe} ni wyil ew |ai t~mfe~} |iegam`k w|~e|ik}*

{m|a htth~|y`m|miw bh~ uyiw|mh`w e`l e`w{i~ ti~mhlw m`wi~|il

ly~m`k |ai wiwwmh`* ejwh wah~| lmwgywwmh` ti~mhlw fe} ni lmwti~wil

|a~hykahy| |ai jig|y~i ti~mhl

Ijygmle|m`k by~|ai~ h` m`w|~yg|mh`* {i ~ibi~ |h ^h|a{ijj e`l

Ceze`ew !>44


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Kmrm`k ~mwi |h |ai mfth~|e`gi hb |ai riamgjiw n} {amga

m`bh~fe|mh` ge` ni kmri` {hyjl ni |ai ywi hb e re~me|mh` hb

m`w|~yg|mhèj fe|i~mejw M`w|~yg|mhèj fe|i~mejw* {amga m`gjyli

t~m`| e`l `h`t~m`| filme e`l |ai egghfte`}m`k ae~l{e~i e`l

whb|{e~i ìilil bh~ lijmri~}* e~i |ai eloy`g|w ywil |h iàe`gi

|iegam`k e`l jie~`m`k \aiwiw fhliw n} {amga m`bh~fe|mh` mw

wae~il {m|a |ai jie~ì~ hb|i` e~i `h| gh`wmli~il m` lit|a* e`l }i|

m`w|~yg|mhèj fe|i~mejw ~it~iwi`| e` mfth~|e`|* ghftjiq

ghfthì`| hb |ai ilyge|mhèj t~hgiww Kmri` |ai `yfi~hyw beg|h~w

mfteg|m`k h` nh|a |ai |iegai~ e`l |ai jie~ì~* wyga ew |ai

m`g~iewi m` w|ebb {h~cjhelw* |ai ej|i~è|mri wi||m`kw m` {amga

ilyge|mh` m` `h{ lijmri~il* e`l |ai wa~m`cm`k ~iwhy~giw bh~

ilyge|mhèj wi~rmgiw* m| mw mfti~e|mri |ae| |ai `y~wi ilyge|h~

y`li~w|e`l |ai re~mhyw |}tiw hb eylmh e`l rmwyej filme eremjenji

|h ibbmgmi`|j} e`l ibbig|mrij} ghftjifi`| |iegam`k ibbh~|w

M`w|~yg|mhèj fe|i~mejw t~hrmli |ai `y~wi ilyge|h~ {m|a |hhjw |h

lijmri~ fiwwekiw g~ie|mrij}* gjie~j}* eggy~e|ij}* e`l m` e |mfij}

bewamh` \ai} aijt |ai |iegai~ ~im`bh~gi m`bh~fe|mh`* gje~mb}

gh`git|w* e`l wmftjmb} ghftjiq fiwwekiw Fyj|mfilme ~iwhy~giw

wi~ri |h w|mfyje|i e jie~ì~w wi`wiw ew {ijj ew ell re~mi|}*

~iejmwf* e`l iòh}fi`| |h |ai |iegam`k e`l jie~`m`k t~hgiww \ai}



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aeri |ai th|i`|mej |h ewwmw| jie~ì~w `h| h`j} m` eguym~m`k

c`h{jilki e`l wcmjjw ny| ejwh m` ~i|em`m`k fh~i ibbig|mrij} {ae|

|ai} jie~`

Fe`} mfth~|e`| re~menjiw fyw| ni gh`wmli~il {ai`

wijig|m`k m`w|~yg|mhèj fe|i~mejw \ai ~hji hb |ai `y~wi ilyge|h~

khiw ni}h`l |ai lmwti`wm`k hb m`bh~fe|mh` h`j}3 m| ejwh m`rhjriw

wcmjj m` liwmk`m`k e`l tje``m`k bh~ m`w|~yg|mh` Jie~`m`k ge` ni

feli fh~i iòh}enji bh~ nh|a |ai jie~ì~ e`l |ai |iegai~ mb |ai

ilyge|h~ c`h{w {ae| m`w|~yg|mhèj fe|i~mejw e~i eremjenji* ew {ijj

ew ah{ |h gahhwi e`l ywi |aif wh ew |h iàe`gi |ai |iegam`k&

jie~`m`k t~hgiww C`h{jilki hb |ai lmri~wm|} hb m`w|~yg|mhèj |hhjw

e`l |aim~ ett~ht~me|i ywi {mjj iènji |ai |iegai~ |h feci

ilyge|mh` fh~i m`|i~iw|m`k* gaejji`km`k* e`l ibbig|mri bh~ ejj |}tiw

hb jie~ì~w Fecm`k ett~ht~me|i gahmgiw bh~ m`w|~yg|mhèj fe|i~mejw

liti`lw h` e n~hel y`li~w|e`lm`k hb |a~ii feoh~ re~menjiw? |ai

gae~eg|i~mw|mgw hb |ai jie~ì~* |ai gae~eg|i~mw|mgw hb |ai filme* e`l

|ai gae~eg|i~mw|mgw hb |ai |ewc |h ni egamiril \h wytth~| |amw*

[iw|h` e`l G~e`w|h` !5=12- e`l B~e`|z !5=14- ewwmw| yw m`

wijig|m`k |ai niw| m`w|~yg|mhèj fe|i~mejw n} gh`wmli~m`k m|w |a~ii

feoh~ ghfthì`|w Liti`lm`k h` |ai m`w|~yg|mhèj fi|ahlw ywil

|h ghffy`mge|i m`bh~fe|mh`* ligmwmh`w ejwh {mjj aeri |h ni feli



54/117

~ike~lm`k |ai filme th|i`|mejj} niw| wym|il |h ewwmw| {m|a |ai

t~hgiww hb |iegam`k e`l jie~`m`k [i aeri |ai lijmri~} w}w|if*

gh`|i`|* e`l t~iwi`|e|mh` e~i |ai |a~ii feoh~ ghfthì`|w hb

filme |ae| wahyjl ni cit| m` fm`l {ai` wijig|m`k t~m`| e`l

`h`t~m`| fe|i~mejw bh~ m`w|~yg|mh` [i {mjj bm`l hy| |ae| |ai

lijmri~} w}w|ifw liejw {m|a nh|a |ai whb|{e~i e`l |ai ae~l{e~i

ywil m` t~iwi`|e|mh` hb |ai m`bh~fe|mh` Ew e` iqeftji* |ai

ilyge|h~ fe} ywi gh`|i`| h` e LRL wyga ew eylmh !|ai whb|{e~i-

e`l |ai LRL tje}i~ !|ai ae~l{e~i- \ai gahmgi hb |ai lijmri~}

w}w|if mw m`bjyi`gil n} |ai wmzi hb |ai m`|i`lil eylmi`gi* |ai

tegm`k h~ bjiqmnmjm|} ìilil bh~ lijmri~}* e`l |ai wi`wh~} ewtig|w

fhw| wym|enji bh~ |ai eylmi`gi \ai wigh`l ghfthì`| mw |ai

gh`|i`| \ai gh`|i`| h~ m`|i`lil fiwweki mw m`liti`li`| hb |ai

lijmri~} w}w|if e`l mw |ai eg|yej m`bh~fe|mh` nim`k ghffy`mge|il

|h |ai jie~ì~* {amga fmka| bhgyw h` e`} |htmg ~ijire`| |h |ai

|iegam`k e`l jie~`m`k iqti~mi`gi [ai` wijig|m`k filme* |ai `y~wi

ilyge|h~ fyw| gh`wmli~? |ai eggy~eg} hb |ai m`bh~fe|mh` nim`k

gh`ri}il ew |h m|w nim`k yt |h le|i* ~ijmenmjm|}* e`l ey|ai`|mgm|}3

|ai ett~ht~me|iìww hb |ai filmyf |h gh`ri} te~|mgyje~

m`bh~fe|mh` Eylmh|etiw e`l t~m`|il teftaji|w* bh~ iqeftji* ge`

ni ri~} ett~ht~me|i |hhjw bh~ wae~m`k m`bh~fe|mh` |h gae`ki



55/117

niaermh~ m` |ai ghk`m|mri e`l ebbig|mri lhfem` ny| mw `h| mliej bh~

wcmjj lirijhtfi`| m` |ai tw}gahfh|h~ lhfem`3 |ai

ett~ht~me|iìww hb |ai ~ielenmjm|} jirij hb fe|i~mejw bh~ |ai

m`|i`lil eylmi`gi [i gh`wmli~ mb |ai gh`|i`| mw {~m||i` e| e

jm|i~eg} jirij wym|enji bh~ |ai jie~ì~w ~ielm`k e`l ghft~iai`wmh`

enmjm|miw \ai fh~i ghftjiq |ai |ewc mw* |ai fh~i mfth~|e`| m| mw |h

{~m|i gjie~* wmftji* wyggm`g| m`w|~yg|mh`w iàe`gil {m|a

mjjyw|~e|mh`w* e`l |ae| |ai gh`|i`| ge` ni y`li~w|hhl n} |ai

jie~ì~ Bmèjj} {i gh`gjyli {m|a t~iwi`|e|mh` ew |ai jew| feoh~

ghfthì`| hb m`w|~yg|mhèj fe|i~mejw [iw|h` e`l G~e`w|h` !5=12-

w|e|i |ae| |ai bh~f hb |ai fiwweki* m` h|ai~ {h~lw* ah{

m`bh~fe|mh` mw t~iwi`|il* mw |ai fhw| mfth~|e`| ghfthì`| bh~

wijig|m`k h~ lirijhtm`k m`w|~yg|mhèj fe|i~mejw

Wt~m`km`k b~hf |ai t~iwi`|e|mh`* m` wijig|m`k eylmh jig|y~iw

ew |ai bhgyw hb |ai w|yl}* {i `h{ bhgyw h` eylmh jie~`m`k

~iwhy~giw Eylmh |iga`hjhk}* ej|ahyka m| aew iqmw|il bh~ e jh`k

|mfi* aew `h| nii` ywil |h e`} k~ie| iq|i`| bh~ ilyge|mhèj

ty~thwiw y`|mj ~igi`|j} Bh~ }ie~w* m| aew nii` e ywibyj |hhj bh~ |ai

njm`l h~ bh~ |ahwi {m|a wi~mhyw rmwyej h~ fh|h~ mftem~fi`|

Ah{iri~* {m|a wmk`mbmge`| elre`giw m` eylmh whb|{e~i e`l

ae~l{e~i* ew {ijj ew elht|m`k eylmh |iga`hjhk} bh~ fh~i |ae`



56/117

ty~ij} ghffi~gmej ty~thwiw* eylmh|etiw* ghfteg| lmwgw* e`l ~elmh

aeri nighfi fh~i thtyje~ |hhjw bh~ |iegam`k e`l jie~`m`k \aiwi

~iwhy~giw ge` ni ywil |h aijt jie~ì~w {ah niìbm| b~hf ~iti|m|mh`

e`l ~im`bh~gifi`|* e`l e~i {ijj wym|il bh~ |ahwi {ah iòh} h~

t~ibi~ eylm|h~} jie~`m`k \ai} e~i ywibyj eloy`g|w bh~ |iegam`k

m`lmrmlyejw {ah e~i mjjm|i~e|i h~ jh{ jm|i~e|i New|enji !>441- w|e|iw

|ae| gewwi||i |etiw e`l GLw e~i ri~} thtyje~ bh~fe|w Ywi hb |aiwi

filme n} ilyge|h~w aew nii` k~h{m`k \ai nmkkiw| elre`|eki hb

gewwi||iw e`l GLw mw |aim~ t~eg|mgejm|} Ghfteg| lmwgw aeri

~itjegil |~elm|mhèj rm`}j ~igh~lw e`l m` fe`} m`w|e`giw e~i

~etmlj} ~itjegm`k |~elm|mhèj eylmh|etiw \ai feoh~ elre`|eki hb

GLw mw |aim~ wyti~mh~ bmlijm|}* {amga lhiw `h| li|i~mh~e|i hri~ |mfi

\ai} e~i wfejj* th~|enji* mìqti`wmri* wmftji |h hti~e|i* e`l iew}

|h t~ite~i h~ lytjmge|i3 ~iuym~il gewwi||i ~igh~li~w e~i ejwh

mìqti`wmri* e`l |ai {mliwt~iel t~iwi`gi hb th|enji lmwtje}i~w

feciw GLw e ri~} ~iewhènji ej|i~è|mri Eylmh|etiw e~i e

th{i~byj |hhj |h eykfi`| h~i ~im`bh~gi m`bh~fe|mh` t~irmhywj}

t~iwi`|il m` h|ai~ bh~fe|w* |h ~igimri |etil biilnegc b~hf

m`w|~yg|h~w* h~ |h ni iqthwil |h m`bh~fe|mh` `h| iewmj} eremjenji h~

eggiwwmnji Bh~ iqeftji* ~igh~lil jy`k why`lw* {amga ejjh{

ghfte~mwh` ni|{ii` `h~fej e`l en`h~fej n~ie|am`k* e~i eremjenji



57/117

m` nh|a gewwi||i e`l GL bh~f Eylmh gewwi||iw h` e re~mi|} hb

aiej|a |htmgw* b~hf w|~iww ~ilyg|mh` |h t~hk~efw h` ah{ |h uym|

wfhcm`k* ge` ni t~ite~il wtigmbmgejj} |h fii| |ai ìilw hb e

jie~ì~ n} ~im`bh~gm`k beg|w* kmrm`k lm~ig|mh`w* h~ t~hrmlm`k wytth~|

M`bh~fe|mh` h` GLw ge` ni jmw|iìl |h e| |ai jimwy~i hb |ai jie~ì~

e`l ~irmi{il ew hb|i` ew ìgiwwe~} \ai} ge` ni ywil ejfhw|

e`}{ai~i* wyga ew m` |ai ahfi* hbbmgi* gjm`mg* h~ ahwtm|ej wi||m`k*

e`l ge` ni tje}il {amji wmfyj|eìhywj} l~mrm`k e ge~ h~ bmqm`k e

fiej* |ayw bmjjm`k m` {ae| `h~fejj} {hyjl ni gh`wmli~il {ew|il

|mfi Lirijhtm`k e wmzenji jmn~e~} hb |etiw mw {ijj {m|am` |ai

getenmjm|} hb fhw| m`w|~yg|h~w |ae`cw |h |amw filmyfw jh{ ghw|

e`l iew} w|h~eki Tmg|y~iw* lmek~efw* e`l t~m`|il ae`lhy|w ge`

egghfte`} |aiwi m`w|~yg|mhèj |hhjw |h bm| |ai ìilw hb e re~mi|} hb

jie~ì~w \ai ri~we|mjm|} hb GLw bh~ ettjmge|mh` |h ilyge|mh` mw

gy~~i`|j} k~h{m`k e| e ~etml ~e|i m` egelifme e`l {mjj gi~|em`j}

ebbig| te|mi`| ìilw e`l w|ebb ilyge|mh` m` |ai ìe~ by|y~i Ew {m|a

ejj |iga`hjhkmiw hri~ |mfi* |ai ghw| mw nighfm`k ~iewhènji* e`l |ai

ae~l{e~i eremjenmjm|} bh~ aiej|age~i ilyge|mh` mw ~etmlj}

m`g~iewm`k \ai lmwelre`|ekiw hb ywm`k eylmh|etiw e`l GLw e~i

bi{ \ai nmkkiw| l~e{negc mw |ae| |ai} ell~iww h`j} hì wi`wi

aie~m`k& e`l* |ai~ibh~i* ge``h| ni ywil n} aie~m`k&mftem~il



58/117

m`lmrmlyejw Ejwh* whfi jie~`i~w fe} nighfi iewmj} lmw|~eg|il b~hf

|ai m`bh~fe|mh` nim`k t~iwi`|il y`jiww |ai} aeri rmwyejw |h

egghfte`} |ai ~igh~lil m`bh~fe|mh` \ai~i mw ejwh `h htth~|y`m|}

bh~ m`|i~eg|mri biilnegc ni|{ii` |ai jmw|i`i~ e`l |ai wtieci~ Ew

{m|a e`} filmyf* eylmh|etiw e`l GLw wahyjl ni ywil h`j} ew

wyttjifi`|w |h |ai re~mhyw fi|ahlw hb m`w|~yg|mh`

\ai ywi hb GL&^HFw |h t~hrmli eylmh gh`|i`| aew nii`

|iw|il n} Li Fy|a e`l N~ywcmi{m|z !>442- \ai} |iw|il fi|ahlw hb

lijmri~} ywm`k |ijigh`bi~i`gm`k e`l GL&^HF \ai hri~ejj ghy~wi

irejye|mh` ~e|m`kw kmri` n} |ai te~|mgmte`|w m` |ai GL&^HF k~hyt

{i~i amkai~ !filme` hb 9 6 ri~} we|mwbmil- |ae` |ahwi kmri` m` |ai

|ijigh`bi~i`gi k~hyt !filme` hb < 6 we|mwbmil- {m|a ~iwtig| |h? !5-

|ai wynoig| fe||i~ hb |ai ghy~wi3 !>- |ai rejyi hb |ai ae`lhy|

fe|i~mejw |h ghftjifi`| |ai jig|y~iw !nh|a k~hytw ~igimril |ai

wefi {h~cnhhcw {m|a ghtmiw hb |ai wtieci~w wjmliw-3 e`l !7- |ai

eylmh uyejm|} hb iega fi|ahl [m|a ~iwtig| |h |ai eylmh uyejm|}*

ej|ahyka |ai fie` ~e|m`k {ew jh{i~ bh~ |ai GL&^HF* |ai filme`

~e|m`k {ew amkai~ Ejfhw| 54) hb GL&^HF ywi~w {i~i lmwwe|mwbmil

{m|a |ai eylmh uyejm|} hb |ai GL&^HFw* ghfte~il |h h`j} >) hb

|ijigh`bi~i`gi te~|mgmte`|w {ah {i~i lmwwe|mwbmil {m|a |ai eylmh

uyejm|} hb |ai |ijigh`bi~i`gi Thh~ eylmh uyejm|} {ew ejwh |ai feoh~



59/117

ghftjem`| feli n} |ai GL&^HF w|yl} k~hyt Ejwh* |ai~i {i~i

wiri~ej wmk`mbmge`| lmbbi~i`giw m` |ai te~|mgmte`|w ~iwth`wiw |h

h|ai~ uyiw|mh`w |ae| {i~i ~ije|il |h |ai lijmri~} fi|ahl ywil m`

|ai w|yl} GL&^HF te~|mgmte`|w !5- {i~i fh~i jmcij} |h bm`l |ai

ghy~wi ri~} {h~|a{amji3 !>- bij| |ai} ael e k~ie|i~ y`li~w|e`lm`k

hb |ai wmk`mbmge`| ì{ |ai~etmiw lmwgywwil m` |ai ghy~wi3 e`l !7-

ael e k~ie|i~ wi`wi |ae| |aim~ ti~whèj hnoig|mriw {i~i byjbmjjil Bh~

ejj 7 uyiw|mh`w* |ai filme` ~iwth`wi b~hf GL&^HF ywi~w {ew

w|~h`kj} ek~ii* ghfte~il |h |ai filme` ~iwth`wi b~hf

|ijigh`bi~i`gi ywi~w hb ek~ii Bmèjj}* |ai~i mw m`lmge|mh` |ae| |ai

te~|mgmte`|w t~ibi~~il GL&^HF ~e|ai~ |ae` |ijigh`bi~i`gm`k

E`h|ai~ ~iwie~ga gh`lyg|il n} FgCi`zmi !>441- wytth~|w

|ai ywi eylmh ~igh~lm`k m` |ai lijmri~} hb jig|y~iw Wai we}w |ae|

|ai m`g~iewm`k eremjenmjm|} hb eylmh ~igh~lm`kw hb jig|y~iw mw aerm`k

e` mfteg| h` |ai ~hji hb |ai |~elm|mhèj jig|y~i m` y`mri~wm|miw \ai

~iewh`w {a} w|yli`|w ywi jig|y~i ~igh~lm`kw aeri nii` {ijj

lhgyfi`|il* ah{iri~* jiww mw c`h{` enhy| |ai mfteg| hb jmw|i`m`k

|h ~igh~lil jig|y~iw h` |ai uyejm|} hb |ai jie~`m`k iqti~mi`gi M`

ai~ w|yl}* y`li~k~elye|i tw}gahjhk} w|yli`|w {i~i ewcil |h ~e|i

ah{ {ijj e||i`lm`k jig|y~iw e`l jmw|i`m`k |h eylmh ~igh~lm`kw hb



60/117

jig|y~iw fi| e ~e`ki hb jie~`m`k hnoig|mriw \ai ~iwyj|w wah{ |ae|*

ghfte~il |h e||i`lm`k jig|y~iw* jmw|i`m`k |h ~igh~lil jig|y~iw {ew

e| jiew| ew ibbig|mri m` fii|m`k |ai jie~`m`k hnoig|mriw* e`l iri`

~e|il wmk`mbmge`|j} amkai~ |ae` e||i`le`gi m` ~ije|mh` |h eguym~m`k

m`bh~fe|mh` e`l gje~mb}m`k {ae| ìilw |h ni jie~ìl

@h|{m|aw|e`lm`k |ai jmfm|e|mh`w hb |ai w|yl}* |ai ~iwyj|w e~i

i`ghy~ekm`k m` |i~fw hb |ai ywibyjìww hb jig|y~i ~igh~lm`kw m`

fii|m`k |ai jig|y~i ìilw hb |hle}w w|yli`|w* |ae| mw* mb

m`bh~fe|mh` |~e`wfmwwmh` mw |ai t~mfe~} khej \h ki| e gjhwi~ rmi{

hb ai~ le|e* {i jhhc e| |ai mfth~|e`gi hb |ai w|yli`|w jie~`m`k

iqti~mi`gi* |ai w|yli`| ~e|i eggiww eylmh jig|y~i ~igh~lm`kw ew

454- t~hriw |ae| w|yli`|w w|mjj e||i`l gjeww~hhf jig|y~iw

M` |ai w|yl}* îwyj|w m`lmge|il |ae| e||i`le`gi ~ifemìl amka

|a~hykahy| |ai wifiw|i~ e`l {amji h`j} e fm`h~m|} hb w|yli`|w

ywil |ai ~igh~lm`kw* |ahwi {ah lml bhy`l |aif |h ni aijtbyj Fhw|

w|yli`|w ywil |aif |h im|ai~ wyttjifi`| |aim~ jie~`m`k h~ |h feci



61/117

yt bh~ e jig|y~i |ae| |ai} ael `h| nii` enji |h e||i`l \amw w|yl}

t~hrmliw irmli`gi |ae| gh`|~e~} |h thtyje~ nijmib* Kiì~e|mh` ]

w|yli`|w m` kiì~ej* lh `h| ewtm~i |h ~itjegi jig|y~iw {m|a

lh{`jhelenji* h`jmì ri~wmh`w Fe`} hb |ai w|yli`|w m` |amw w|yl}

rejyil |ai htth~|y`m|} bh~ m`|i~eg|mri jie~`m`k t~hrmlil n} begi |h

begi |iegam`k

M` e teti~* \ai Ga~h`mgji hb Amkai~ Ilyge|mh` Ah{ |h

Thlgew| Geftyw Jig|y~iwn} îel !>44;-* {i e~i kmri` e` eri`yi

hb jie~`m`k ah{ |h feci* t~hgiww* e`l lmw|~mny|i eylmh ~igh~lm`kw

|h ni ywil m` |ai gjeww~hhfw Eggh~lm`k |h îel* G~ie|m`k e

thlgew| ~iuym~iw e nm| fh~i ibbh~| e`l |iga`mgej c`h{ah{ |ae`

fe`} t~hbiwwh~w e`|mgmte|i Wh fh~i e`l fh~i ghjjikiw e~i |~}m`k

|h aijt t~hbiwwh~w {ah {e`| |h |~} hy| |ai |iga`hjhk} Ai hbbi~w yw

wmq ci} thm`|w |h gh`wmli~ {ai` tje``m`k |h w|e~| thlgew|m`k

t~hk~efw Bm~w|* {i wahyjl feci m| iew} M` ai~i* îel iqtjem`w

|ae| |iga&werr} jig|y~i~w fe} ni ti~big|j} ghfbh~|enji ~igh~lm`k

|aifwijriw* |h}m`k {m|a why`l&ilm|m`k whb|{e~i* e`l bm`lm`k e {e}

|h thw| |aim~ bm`mwail t~hlyg|w h`jmì Ny| |h fe`} t~hbiwwh~w* |ai

|iga`hjhk} w|mjj wiifw lh{`~mka| ley`|m`k \ai |ewc |ai~ibh~i mw |h

feci |ai t~hgiww ew wmftji e`l bm`m|i ew m| ge` |a~hyka |~em`m`kw

e`l {h~cwahtw* t~hbiwwh~w ge` nighfi befmjme~ {m|a |amw



62/117

|iga`hjhk} Wigh`l* {i wahyjl w|e~| wfejj Nim`k hri~j} efnm|mhyw

fe} `h| ìgiwwe~mj} {h~c hy| \ai m`riw|fi`| m` thlgew|m`k mw

bmè`gmejj} life`lm`k* |ai m`w|m|y|mh` {ah {mwaiw |h mftjifi`|

|amw t~hk~ef wahyjl w|e~| wfejj* nigeywi thlgew|m`k t~hk~efw

|i`l |h k~h{ wjh{j} \am~l mw ny| jieri |ai ~hhf |h iqte`l* ekem`*

m` |i~fw hb |ai whb|{e~i e`l ae~l{e~i ìilil |h k~h{ {hyjl ni

bmè`gmejj} |eqm`k Ah{iri~* |amw mw w|mjj e {h~|a} m`riw|fi`|

Bhy~|a* ewc |ai w|yli`| {ae| |ai} {e`| E ~igh~lm`k hb e k~ie|

jig|y~i lhiw`+| lh fyga khhl mb w|yli`|w lh`+| jmw|i` |h m| E`}

ghjjiki tje``m`k e thlgew|m`k ri`|y~i fyw| feci wy~i |ae| m|w

tynjmg begi mw hì |ae| w|yli`|w {mjj ni jmcij} |h ywi Bmb|a* ~iel |ai

bmì t~m`| Mb |ai m`w|m|y|mh` {hyjl jmci |h wynwg~mni |h h|ai~

thlgew|m`k t~hk~efw wyga ew m\yìw Y* |ai m`w|m|y|mh` ìilw |h

aeri e jikej elrmwh~ t~iwi`| m` h~li~ |h erhml t~hnjifw {m|a

gh`|i`| e`l yweki E`l wmq|a* {i fyw| |am`c wi~mhywj} hb

m`|ijjig|yej t~hti~|} Thlgew|w* y`jmci w|~iefm`k eylmh* ge` ni

lh{`jhelil ti~feì`|j}* e`l |ai~ibh~i ge` ni iewmj} tewwil b~hf

hì ti~wh` |h |ai ìq| E t~hbiwwh~+w fhw| t~hnm`k m`wmka|w fe}

bm`l e` eylmi`gi hy|wmli |ai mrh~} |h{i~* ny| amw h~ ai~ fhw|

ifne~~ewwm`k beyq tew ghyjl ejwh ni n~helgew| |h e {mli~ eylmi`gi

|ae` iri~ nibh~i



63/117

Fh~i |ejc h` thlgew|m`k* {i aeri |ai {h~c hb N~m||em`*

Kjh{egcm* M||i~wyf e`l Oha`wh` !>442-* {amga liejw fh~i h`

thlgew|m`k jig|y~iw \ai} gh`lyg|il bh~fe|mri irejye|mh` m` |aim~

w|yl} ~ije|m`k |h |ai ywi hb eylmh Bh~fe|mri irejye|mh` w|~e|ikmiw

e~i ywil ~hy|mìj} {ai` lirijhtm`k ghfty|i~&newil m`w|~yg|mhèj

t~hk~efw M` |aim~ bm~w| tmjh| w|yl}* ywm`k eylmh* im|ai~ ft7 h~ EEG

~ikmw|i~il 225) ew |ai t~ibi~~il filme3 m` ellm|mh`* 225) ywil

ft7 e`l EEG |ai fhw|3 e`l hri~ejj* |ai ~iwth`li`|w ~ith~| e`

1

gh`gjywmh`* |ai} w|e|i |ae| fh~i m`bh~fe|mh` aew nii` tynjmwail

enhy| th~|enji eylmh e`l mThlw* amka&uyejm|} eylmh t~hlyg|mh` mw

gjie~j} |ai fhw| g~m|mgej ghfthì`| [amji |ai |hhjw |h g~ie|i |ai

eylmh bmjiw e~i nighfm`k iewmi~ |h ywi* |ai t~hgiww w|mjj ~iuym~iw

t~hbiwwmhèj iqti~|mwi \ai ~iwyj|w hb |ai wigh`l tmjh| gjie~j}

m`lmge|il |ae| e jh{&ghw| ghfty|i~ ghyjl iewmj} get|y~i amka&

uyejm|} eylmh ~igh~lm`kw hb gjeww~hhf jig|y~iw b~hf |ai ~hhf TE

w}w|if M` ellm|mh`* ey|hfe|m`k |ai ~igh~lm`k* t~hgiwwm`k* e`l

thw|m`k {h~cbjh{ k~ie|j} ~ilygil w|ebb |mfi

Liejm`k ekem` m` thlgew|m`k {hyjl ni e`h|ai~ w|yl} n}

Ghtji} !>44;- Eggh~lm`k |h amf Thlgew|w hbbi~ hnrmhyw

htth~|y`m|miw bh~ lmw|e`gi jie~`m`k* ny| wiri~ej y`mri~wm|miw e~i



64/117

ywm`k thlgew|w |h lijmri~ wyttjifi`|e~} jig|y~i fe|i~mejw bh~

geftyw&newil w|yli`|w* iq|i`lm`k |ai |~i`l hb ywm`k i&jie~`m`k |h

mft~hri jie~`m`k ti~bh~fe`gi m` |amw gh`|iq| \ai fhw| ghffh`

ywi hb thlgew|m`k e| t~iwi`| m` |ai gh`|iq| hb geftyw&newil

w|yli`|w m`rhjriw m`w|~yg|h~w lmw|~mny|m`k thlgew| ~igh~lm`kw hb

jig|y~iw bh~ w|yli`|w |h ~irmi{ e`l ~irmwi eb|i~{e~lw* kmri` |ai

~ije|mri iewi hb ki`i~e|m`k wyga thlgew| gh`|i`| M` amw w|yl}* ai

ghfte~il |ai lh{`jhelw hb eylmh thlgew|w ri~wyw |ae| hb rmlih

thlgew|w Eggh~lm`k |h amw ke|ai~il le|e* 21) lh{`jhelil e`

eylmh jig|y~i ri~wyw


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|h aerm`k eggiww |h thlgew| ~igh~lw hb jig|y~iw* 12) m`lmge|il |ae|

|ai} {hyjl ejwh jmci thlgew|m`k hb wyttjifi`|e~} w|e`l&ejhì

fe|i~mejw* wyga ew wah~| ~irmwmh` wyffe~miw e`l n~mibm`kw bh~

ewwmk`fi`|w

M` e teti~ n} Jeze~~m !>44=-* ai liwg~mnil e` egelifmg

iqti~mi`gi hb thlgew|m`k* {amga m`rhjril e k~hyt hb w|yli`|w hb e

ghy~wi h` fyj|mfilme ghffy`mge|mh` e`l ayfe`ghfty|i~

m`|i~eg|mh` M` amw w|yl}* |aiwi w|yli`|w eg|il nh|a ew ywi~w hb |ai

y`mri~wm|}w thlgew|m`k wi~rmgi* e`l ew g~ie|h~w hb thlgew|il

jiwwh`w E ghft~iai`wmri eèj}wmw newil h` |ai irejye|mh` hb |ai

ibbig|w h` w|yli`| ti~bh~fe`gi* h` le|e b~hf w|yli`| we|mwbeg|mh`

wy~ri}w* b~hf m`|i~rmi{w e`l b~hf m`w|~yg|h~w hnwi~re|mh`w

t~hrmlil i`ghy~ekm`k ~iwyj|w? Byjj&|mfi w|yli`|w gh&m`rhjril m`

jiwwh`w thlgew|m`k hy|ti~bh~fil ghjjiekyiw hb |ai t~irmhyw }ie~w

e`l egamiril amkai~ jirijw hb {ae| {i libmì ew ghfti|m|mri eki`g}*

|ae| jil |aif |h ni||i~ y`li~w|e`l |ai |aih~i|mgej mwwyiw hb |ai

ghy~wi e`l |h fh~i ibbig|mri t~eg|mgej wcmjjw \amw by~|ai~ wytth~|w

|ai niìbm|w |ae| ghyjl ni li~mril b~hf |ai ywi hb eylmh jig|y~iw

[m|am` |ai wtai~i hb `y~wm`k* `y~wm`k ilyge|mh` aew irhjril

b~hf |~elm|mhèj tilekhkmgej fhlijw |h gy~~i`| fi|ahlw ywm`k

J}giyf @h~|a{iw|i~` Y`rmi~wm|} K~elye|i W|ylmiw Teki 9;


66/117

|iga`hjhk} bh~ c`h{jilki eguymwm|mh` Feek !>442- we}w |ae| m`

h~li~ |h ilyge|i |ai m`g~iewm`k `yfni~ hb `y~wm`k w|yli`|w

i`~hjjm`k m` `y~wm`k wgahhjw e`l fii| |ai ìilw hb |hle}+w +@i|

Kiì~e|mh`*+ begyj|} bm`l |aifwijriw lirijhtm`k lmw|e`gi ilyge|mh`

ghy~wiw e`l ywm`k |iga`hjhk} |ae| {ew `h| iri` l~iefil enhy| e

ligeli ekh \h byjbmjj |aiwi ~iwth`wmnmjm|miw e`l t~ite~i `y~wiw m` e

c`h{jilki&l~mri` i~e ~iuym~iw ilyge|h~w |h jhhc ni}h`l |~elm|mhèj

ah~mzh`w hb ilyge|mhèj t~eg|mgiw e`l gh`wmli~ ì{ |iga`hjhkmiwThlgew|m`k mw hì iqeftji hb |iegam`k fi|ahlhjhk} ywil m` amkai~

ilyge|mh` W|ylmiw lifh`w|~e|i thwm|mri w|yli`| we|mwbeg|mh` {m|a

thlgew|m`k* ny| |ai~i mw jmfm|il le|e ~ije|il |h c`h{jilki

eguymwm|mh` \ai w|yl} n} Rhk|* Wgaebbì~* ^mne~* e`l Gaeriz

!>454- iqefmìl |ai mfteg| hb thlgew|m`k h` `y~wm`k w|yli`|

jie~`m`k e`l we|mwbeg|mh` M` |aim~ {h~c* |{h gjewwiw hb oy`mh~

neggejey~ie|i `y~wm`k w|yli`|w ael wgh~iw h` wijig|il iqef

uyiw|mh`w ghfte~il \ai >44; gjeww !`627- ael wijig| gh`|i`|t~iwi`|il m` |~elm|mhèj jig|y~i bh~fe| {ai~i |ai >441 gjeww

!`69;- ael |ai wefi gh`|i`| t~iwi`|il rme thlgew| Nh|a

fi|ahlw ywil |ai wefi begyj|} e`l iqef uyiw|mh`w \ai >441

gjeww ghftji|il e we|mwbeg|mh` wy~ri} \ai ~iwyj|w w|e|i |ae|



67/117

w|yli`|w {i~i hri~ejj we|mwbmil {m|a |ai thlgew|m`k iqti~mi`gi e`l

ghffi`|il thwm|mrij} h` m|w th~|enmjm|} e`l bjiqmnmjm|}

M` e`h|ai~ w|yl} n} Ire`w !>44;-* ai ghfte~il thlgew|m`k

{m|a |iq|nhhc ywi W|e|mw|mgej eèj}wmw hb |ai ~iwyj|w hb |ai w|yl}

m`lmge|iw |ae| w|yli`|w nijmiri |ae| thlgew|w e~i fh~i ibbig|mri

~irmwmh` |hhjw |ae` |aim~ |iq|nhhcw e`l |ai} e~i fh~i ibbmgmi`| |ae`

|aim~ h{` `h|iw m` aijtm`k |aif |h jie~` \ai} ejwh m`lmge|i |ae|

|ai} e~i fh~i ~igit|mri |h |ai jie~`m`k fe|i~mej m` |ai bh~f hb e

thlgew| |ae` e |~elm|mhèj jig|y~i h~ |iq|nhhc \ai w|yl} wykkiw|w

|ae| |ai ywi hb thlgew|w ew e ~irmwmh` |hhj aew gjie~ niìbm|w ew

ti~gimril n} y`li~k~elye|i w|yli`|w m` |i~fw hb |ai |mfi |ai}

|eci |h ~irmwi e`l ah{ fyga |ai} biij |ai} ge` jie~` Ghytjil {m|a

|ai elre`|ekiw hb bjiqmnmjm|} m` {ai`* {ai~i e`l ah{ m| mw ywil*

thlgew|m`k ettie~w |h aeri wmk`mbmge`| th|i`|mej ew e` m``hre|mri

jie~`m`k |hhj bh~ elyj| jie~ì~w m` Amkai~ Ilyge|mh`

M` e`h|ai~ teti~ n} Bi~è`liz* Wmfh* e`l Wejje` !>44=- |ai}

aeri bhy`l hy| |ae| !5- thlgew|m`k mw e th{i~byj |hhj ew e

ghftjifi`| |h |ai |~elm|mhèj ~iwhy~giw h` e ghy~wi* ny| `h| e

wynw|m|y|i bh~ |aif3 !>- |ai gae~eg|i~mw|mgw hb thlgew|m`k m`g~iewi

|ai mft~iwwmh` hb ti~feì`| gh`|eg| ni|{ii` w|yli`|w e`l



68/117

|iegai~w* m`g~iewm`k w|yli`|w fh|mre|mh`3 !7- |ai ywi hb thlgew|m`k

ejjh{w bh~ e lmri~wi ~e`ki hb w|yli`| wcmjjw e`l jie~`m`k fi|ahlw

E ghft~iai`wmri ~irmi{ hb thlgew|m`k {ew gh`lyg|il n}

FgKe~~ m` >44= Ywm`k wiri~ej ~iwie~ga {h~cw* ai whyka| |ai

~efmbmge|mh`w hb ywm`k thlgew|w m` amkai~ ilyge|mh` M` |ai fe||i~

hb m`g~iewm`k bjiqmnmjm|}* |ai ghy~wi fe|i~mej ge` ni kmri` m` rmlih

e`l eylmh bh~fe|w e`l mw e gae~eg|i~mw|mg hb lmw|e`gi jie~`m`k

t~hk~efw Eguym~m`k |ai fe|i~mej aew ejwh m`g~iewil |ai jie~ì~w

bjiqmnmjm|} nigeywi m| ghyjl nigeywi ey|hfe|mg lh{`jhelw e~i `h{

thwwmnji Gm|m`k Ire`w !>441-* w|yl}m`k ge` ni lhì {ai` |ai

htth~|y`m|} ~mwiw wyga ew {ai` hì mw h` |ai nyw* |~em` h~ ge~* e|

iri`m`k h~ {iici`lw h~ ly~m`k jy`ga n~iecw Ew {ijj ew e| m|w

m`g~iewil ywi m` lmw|e`gi ilyge|mh` t~hk~efw* thlgew|m`k aew ejwh

nighfi thtyje~ h` geftyw ghy~wiw \ai ywi hb thlgew|w m`

ilyge|mh` mw kem`m`k eggit|e`gi ~etmlj} !Ci`ìl}* Oyll*

Gay~a{e~l* K~e}* e`l C~eywi* >441- Ae~~mw e`l Te~c !>441- ejwh

w|e|i |ae| thlgew|m`k mw nim`k y|mjmzil `h| h`j} |h t~hrmli e ~itie|

h~ wyffe~} hb e jig|y~i|amw g~ie|iw |ai ~ije|mh`wamt |ae| mw

newil h` gh`|m`yhyw ghffy`mge|mh` e`l m`|i~eg|mh` ni|{ii`

|iegai~w e`l w|yli`|w M` ellm|mh`* [mjjmefw e`l Be~lh` !>44;-



69/117

e~kyi |ae| |ai htth~|y`m|} |h ~itje} e`l ~irmi{ tew| jig|y~iw

|a~hyka thlgew|m`k emlw ~irmwmh` e`l ghft~iai`wmh`

Iq|i`lm`k |ai lijmri~} hb thlgew|w rme wi~ri~w* {i aeri

m\yìw Y m\yìw mw t~mfe~mj} e filme tje}i~ b~hf Ettji ny| aew wh

fyga mftjmge|mh`w m` ilyge|mh`w m\yìw Y`mri~wm|}* e {inwm|i {m|a

lh{`jhelenji ilyge|mhèj thlgew|w* ge` t~hrmli w|yli`|w |ai

htth~|y`m|} |h hn|em` t~hbiwwh~w jig|y~iw {ai` w|yli`|w e~i

yènji |h e||i`l gjeww \h li|i~fmì |ai ibbig|mriìww hb eylmh

jig|y~iw m` amkai~ ilyge|mh`* y`li~k~elye|i kiì~ej tw}gahjhk}

w|yli`|w te~|mgmte|il m` hì hb |{h gh`lm|mh`w M` |ai jig|y~i

gh`lm|mh`* te~|mgmte`|w jmw|iìl |h e >9&fm` jig|y~i kmri` m` ti~wh`

n} e t~hbiwwh~ ywm`k Th{i~Thm`| wjmliw Ghtmiw hb |ai wjmliw {i~i

kmri` |h eml `h|i&|ecm`k M` |ai thlgew| gh`lm|mh`* te~|mgmte`|w

~igimril e thlgew| hb |ai wefi jig|y~i ejh`k {m|a |ai Th{i~Thm`|

ae`lhy|w Te~|mgmte`|w m` nh|a gh`lm|mh`w {i~i m`w|~yg|il |h ciit

e ~y``m`k jhk hb w|yl} |mfi e`l eg|mrm|miw ywil m` t~ite~m`k bh~ e`

iqef Hì {iic b~hf |ai m`m|mej wiwwmh` w|yli`|w ~i|y~ìl |h |eci

e` iqef h` jig|y~i gh`|i`| îwyj|w m`lmge|il |ae| w|yli`|w m` |ai

thlgew| gh`lm|mh` {ah |hhc `h|iw {amji jmw|i`m`k |h |ai thlgew|

wgh~il wmk`mbmge`|j} amkai~ |ae` |ai jig|y~i gh`lm|mh` !FgCm`ì}*

L}gc* e`l Jyni~* >441-



70/117

\amw |iga`hjhk} mw ~iegam`k h|ai~ lite~|fi`|w m`

ilyge|mhèj m`w|m|y|mh`w [i gh`wmli~ |ai jmn~e~} |h ni |ai

ghfti`lmyf hb jie~`m`k ~iwhy~giw m` wgahhjw Ai~i* eylmh jig|y~iw

e~i |iw|il ekem` |h lijmri~ we|mwbeg|mh` |h |ai w|yli`| thtyjegi M`

|ai teti~* Lmkm|ej Eylmh Jig|y~iw? E Jmn~e~}w Te|a |h Wyw|emènmjm|}

!>44=-* newil h` |ai t~iwi`|e|mh` n} I||i~ !>441-* |ai lmkm|mze|mh`

hb jig|y~iw {ew |ai w|itw |eci` n} |ai ^hni~| [hhl Oha`wh`

Filmgej Wgahhj Filme Jmn~e~} |h egghffhle|i |ai life`lw hb m|w

w|yli`|w W|e~|m`k b~hf 5=;2* |ai jmn~e~} ywil gewwi||i |etiw |h

lmw|~mny|i jig|y~iw m` eylmh bh~f \ai` m` >44442 |ae| |ai

w|yli`| nhl} ~iuyiw|il |ae| |ai bmjiw ni gh`ri~|il m`|h ft7 bh~fe|

wh |ae| |ai bmjiw ge` ni lh{`jhelil |h mThlw E`l* ni|{ii` >44; |h

>441* |ai jmn~e~} wi| yt e ~iejj} wmftji w}`lmge|mh` biil |h ~iega

fh~i w|yli`|w \ai jmn~e~} ejwh ti~bh~fil e ~iwie~ga {ai~im`

|ai} wy~ri}il |ai bm~w|& e`l wigh`l&}ie~ w|yli`|w ywm`k e` 55&m|if

uyiw|mh`èm~i \ai filme jmn~e~} jie~ìl m` te~| |ae| 957) hb ejj

bm~w|& e`l wigh`l&}ie~ filmgej w|yli`|w bij| |ae| Eylmh(Jig|y~i

Ilm|m`k(Thw|m`k {ew |ai fhw| ywibyj wi~rmgi |ai filme jmn~e~}

t~hrmlil îke~lm`k eggiww |h lmkm|ej fe|i~mej* 95;) hb bm~w|&}ie~

w|yli`|w e`l


71/117


72/117

GAET\I^ MMM

FI\AHLHJHK]

îwie~ga Liwmk`

T~hgiwwm`k e` eylmh ~igh~lm`k bh~ e jig|y~i |h ni ywil m` |ai

gjeww~hhf {hyjl ~iuym~i e liwmk` |ae| {mjj e||ift| |h t~hrmli yw

{m|a e gjie~ e`l gh`gmwi rmi{ hb |ai tai`hfi`h` hb jie~`m`k \ai

~iwie~gai~ ywil |ai liwg~mt|mri liwmk` {amga ty| |ai tai`hfi`h`

y`li~ |ai ji`w hb wg~y|m`} bh~ m|w m`riw|mke|mh` M` |ai {h~lw hb

Ny~`w e`l K~hri !>44;- e liwg~mt|mri w|yl} mw liwmkìl |h kem`

fh~i m`bh~fe|mh` enhy| gae~eg|i~mw|mgw {m|am` e te~|mgyje~ bmijl

w|yl} \ai ty~thwi mw |h t~hrmli e tmg|y~i hb e wm|ye|mh` ew m|

è|y~ejj} aetti`w By~|ai~fh~i* e liwg~mt|mri liwmk` mw ywil |h

lirijht |aih~miw* mli`|mb} t~hnjifw {m|a gy~~i`| t~eg|mgi* oyw|mb}

gy~~i`| t~eg|mgi* feci oylkfi`|w* h~ li|i~fmì {ae| h|ai~

t~eg|m|mhì~w m` wmfmje~ wm|ye|mh`w e~i lhm`k Ai~i* {i ge` ej~iel}

|ijj |ae| m` h~li~ bh~ yw |h ki| e gjie~i~ tmg|y~i hb |ai gy~~i`|

m`w|~yg|mhèj fi|ahlw nim`k ywil* |amw w|yl} ~iuym~iw e liwg~mt|mri

liwmk` |h t~iwi`| |ai w|e|yw uyh m` `y~wm`k ilyge|mh`



73/117

By~|ai~fh~i* |ai ~iwie~gai~ gh`lyg|il e wy~ri} |h eguym~i

|ai kiì~ej gh`wi`wyw hb e k~hyt {amga }mijlil |ai ìilil le|e |h

irejye|i |ai hri~ejj we|mwbeg|mh` m` ywm`k |ai eylmh jig|y~i \ai

liwg~mt|mri liwmk` aijtw m` rmi{m`k |amw t~ilmgefi`| {m|ahy|

aerm`k |h fe`mtyje|i e`} re~menjiw

Why~giw hb Le|e

\ai le|e {amga {mjj ni iqefmìl m` |amw w|yl} {ew eguym~il

b~hf e fyj|m|yli hb why~giw M` h~li~ |h e`w{i~ |ai t~hnjifw

thwil m` |amw w|yl}* |ai ~iwie~gai~ whyka| e` eylmi`gi {m|a |ai

Lie` e`l M`w|~yg|h~w hb |ai Ghjjiki hb @y~wm`k \amw {ew lhì |h

eguym~i |ai le|e ìilil bh~ |ai t~ijmfmè~} wy~ri} hb |ai |iegam`k

w|~e|ikmiw nim`k ywil \amw mli`|mbmil {ai|ai~ eylmh jig|y~iw e~i

nim`k ywil ew e` m`w|~yg|mhèj fi|ahl Jmci{mwi* |ai |htmg h` |ai

|iegam`k w|~e|ikmiw ge` h`j} ni why~gil b~hf |ai tihtji {ah

ti~bh~f |ai eg|mrm|} hb |iegam`k \ai ~iuym~ifi`|w m` h~li~ |h

m`gjyli |aif m` |ai ~hw|i~ hb ~iwth`li`|w {hyjl ni !5- nim`k e`

m`w|~yg|h~ hb |ai Ghjjiki hb @y~wm`k e`l !>- aew |eyka| e`l mw

|iegam`k Filmgej&Wy~kmgej @y~wm`k* `h| ìgiwwe~mj} Ti~mhti~e|mri

@y~wm`k [a} `h| nim`k gh`bmìl |h oyw| |amw bmijl m` Filmgej&

Wy~kmgej @y~wm`k* m|w tjem`j} nigeywi |ai w|yl} lhiw `h| thw|yje|i



74/117

Ti~mhti~e|mri @y~wm`k ew |ai h`j} bmijl {amga {hyjl ~iuym~i eylmh

jig|y~i h~ {mjj niìbm| b~hf eylmh jig|y~i \ai ~iwie~gai~ {mjj ni

eguym~m`k ejj hb |ai m`w|~yg|h~w {ah fii| |ai m`gjywmh` g~m|i~me m`

|ai le|e thhj ew ~iwth`li`|w

Bmèjj}* m` h~li~ |h eguym~i |ai le|e ~ije|m`k |h |ai hri~ejj

we|mwbeg|mh` hb ywm`k eylmh jig|y~iw* w|yli`|w {i~i wy~ri}il \ai

uyejmbmge|mh` hb |ai w|yli`|w {hyjl ni !5- e w|yli`| hb |ai Ghjjiki

hb @y~wm`k e`l !>- aew nii` |eyka| h~ mw nim`k |eyka| Filmgej&

Wy~kmgej @y~wm`k* `h| ìgiwwe~mj} Ti~mhti~e|mri @y~wm`k \ai

~iwie~gai~ ~im|i~e|iw |ai ~iewh` {a} m| mw `h| oyw| nim`k gh`bmìl |h

|ai bmijl \ai ~iwie~gai~ {mjj ni eguym~m`k ejj hb |ai w|yli`|w {ah

fii| |ai m`gjywmh` g~m|i~me e`l |ahwi {ah aeri ywil |ai eylmh

jig|y~iw m` |ai le|e thhj ew ~iwth`li`|w ew {ijj

\eci` ejj hb |ai why~giw hb le|e |hki|ai~* |ai} t~hrmlil |ai

ìgiwwe~} m`bh~fe|mh` ti~|mì`| m` |amw w|yl}

M`w|~yfi`|e|mh` e`l Le|e Ghjjig|mh` T~hgily~i

M` h~li~ |h eguym~i le|e* |ai ~iwie~gai~ feli ywi hb

t~ite~il uyiw|mh`èm~iw \ai~i {i~i |{h wite~e|i uyiw|mh`èm~iw

feli |h e`w{i~ |ai mwwyiw hb |amw w|yl}



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\h e`w{i~ |ai bm~w| t~hnjif* |ai ~iwie~gai~ aew feli e

wy~ri} bh~f gh`wmw|m`k hb e jmw| hb ejj thwwmnji m`w|~yg|mhèj

fi|ahlw e`l m`w|~yg|mhèj fe|i~mejw {amga |ai ~iwie~gai~ li~mril

b~hf |ai {~m||i` {h~cw hb New|enji e`l Li]hy`k \ai wy~ri} bh~f

gh`wmw|w hb 7 te~|w* |ai aielm`k gh`|em`w |ai |m|ji e`l m`w|~yg|mh`

ew {ijj ew |ai ~iwth`li`| `yfni~ |ae| |ai ~iwie~gai~ aew

ewwmkìl3 |ai wigh`l te~| jmw|w |ai m`w|~yg|mhèj fi|ahlw3 e`l |ai

|am~l te~| jmw|w |ai m`w|~yg|mhèj fe|i~mejw

M` |ai g~ie|mh` hb |ai fe|i~mej* m| {hyjl ejwh ni mfti~e|mri |h

liwg~mni ah{ |ai eylmh jig|y~i {mjj ni feli E ghy~wi hy|jmì mw

feli newil b~hf |ai GAIL Fifh~e`lyf H~li~ @h 544= \amw {mjj ijygmle|i h` |ai ìilil |htmgw bh~ |ai ghy~wiw

hbbi~il m` |ai Negaijh~ hb Wgmi`gi m` @y~wm`k t~hk~ef Eb|i~ {amga*

e wy

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