A FIVE-YEAR INVESTIGATION OF THE SEROPOSITIVITY OF TOXOPLASMA GONDİİ IN KARS STATE HOSPITAL (KARS, TURKEY) Neriman Mor¹ Atila Akça² Kafkas University Kars School of Health, 36100, Kars-Turkey Kafkas University Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Parasitology, 36100, Kars- Turkey Tel: +90-474-225-1150, E-mail: [email protected]
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A FIVE-YEAR INVESTIGATION OF THE SEROPOSITIVITY OF TOXOPLASMA GONDİİ IN KARS STATE HOSPITAL (KARS, TURKEY) Neriman Mor¹Atila Akça² Kafkas University Kars.
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A FIVE-YEAR INVESTIGATION OF THE
SEROPOSITIVITY OF TOXOPLASMA
GONDİİ IN KARS STATE HOSPITAL
(KARS, TURKEY)
Neriman Mor¹ Atila Akça²
Kafkas University Kars School of Health, 36100, Kars-TurkeyKafkas University Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Parasitology,
The oocyte is excreted in the feces of the cat. Oocytes do not
become infectious until they sporulate in the environment,
sporulation occurs within 1 to 5 days.
Intermediate host
Human, cattle, birds,
rodents, pigs, and sheep.
Sources of infection :
_ Contaminated water or food by oocysts_ Undercooked meat._ Mother to fetus._ Organ transplant (rare)._ Blood transfusion (rare).
DEFINITIVE HOST
INTERMEDIATE HOST
TOXOPLASMA TRANSMISSION
Ingestion of tachyzoites and
bradyzoites (cysts) in flesh of infected
host.
Symptoms Infection is usually asymyomatic in healthy individuals. In acute infection:Lymphadenitis is the most common in humans.Flu-like symptoms (Headache, fever, muscle pain) the
infection is generally self limited & symptom usually resolve in a few months.
Causes Encephalitis, hiptitis in the immunosuppressed patients and people infected with HIV.
Congenital neurological defects in infants.Abortion.
In chronic infections:visual problems or blindness may occur over time.
DiagnosisBiopsy of humans.(SFDT) Sabin-Feldman Dye Test.(ELISA) Enzyme-Linked Immuno sorbent
TreatmentUsually not required.Sulfadiazine and pyrimethamine are two drugs
widely used to treat toxoplasmosis in humans.Patients allergic to sulfa drugs may take
Clindamycin, Clarithromycin, Azithromycin
Prevention & ControlHands should be washed after contact with
raw meat or in contact with soil.Vegetables should be washed well . Avoid undercooked meats. •If you have a cat
– Keep it inside if possible.– Don’t feed it with raw meat.
–Avoid contact with cat if you are pregnant.
The aim of this studyThere is no such data as to the
seroprevalence of toxoplasmosis in humans in our region including Kars province and its districts. Thus, the purpose of this study is to investigate the prevalence and age group distribution of Toxoplasma antibodies, in serum samples which were taken from patients who applied to gynecology polyclinic in State Hospital in the 5-year-period between 2008 and 2012, within the scope of routine screenings.
MATERIAL and METHOD
The blood samples taken from 7827 female patients, who applied to microbiology laboratory in Kars Maternity and Children Hospital between January 2008 and December 2012, were examined retrospectively in terms of Toxoplasma gondii IgG and IgM antibodies.
Abbott ARCHITECT Toxo- IgG and IgM commercial kits were used in this study.
IgG test were considered as; if the result is less then 1.60: negative Values between 1.60 and 3.00: suspicious Values more then 3.10: positive
For the IgM test: The values less then 0.50: negative Values between 0.50 and 0.60 : suspicious Values more then 0.60: positive
FINDINGS
Table 1. Seroprevalence of Anti-Toxoplasma gondii IgM and IgG by Years
In conclusion; toxoplasmosis is a zoonosis which has a high seroprevalence in almost every region of our country as well as all over the world.
In Kars, toxoplasmosis was diagnosed at 51.4-95.7% in sheep, 49.6-93.5% in cattles, 20.6% in horses and 83.8-96.1% in dogs.
Our findings are remarkable since they serve as the first preliminary study in regard to the seroprevalence of toxoplasmosis in human beings in Kars province.
Study results show that toxoplasmosis has a high prevalence rate in animals and humans in the region, and this situation should not be ignored. Besides, necessary steps should be taken in order to inform and take necessary precautions by women under risk of infection.