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CONTENTS

BRIEF HISTORY OF THE WESTERN AUSTRALIAN HERRING FISHERY

DESCRIPTTON OF THE HERRING FISHERY IN 1985

A. Gear and mode o f ope ra t i on - P ro fess iona ls

B. Gear and mode of operat j -on - Amateurs

c . D isposa l o f t he p ro fess iona l ca tch

D. Regulat ion of the professional f ishery - background,development and current status

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

REFERENCES

7

1 0

f 0

t l

t 1

I 2

I I I WESTERN AUSTRALIAN HERRING CATCHES 1975 /76 - 1983 /84 ' ASINDICATED BY AUSTRALIAN BUREAU OF STATISTICS DATA 14

SOUTH COAST PROFESSIONAL CATCHES DERIVED FROM EACTORYR E C E I V A L D A T A , 1 9 7 3 - 1 9 8 5

EFFORT AND CATCH PER UNIT OF EFFORT IN THE PROFESSIONALF T S H E R Y , 1 9 7 3 - 1 9 8 5

SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS

I 6

V I

V I I

V I I I

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PLATES

A u s t r a l i a n h e r r i n g A r r i p i s g e o r g i a n u s .

T y p i c a l h e r r i n g f i s h i n g s c e n e s h o w i n g b o a t s a n d g e a r .

F ina f s tages o f se t t i ng a he r r i ng t rap ne t - even ing .

In i t i a f s tages o f hau l i ng a he r r i ng t rap ne t - ea r l y morn ing .

H : r r ' l i n ^ r h 6 r r i h ^ l - r a n n o f . \ h n . r a h a e c h

Re-so r t i ng and s tack ing the ne t a f te r hau l i ng i np repa ra t i on fo r re -se t t i ng .

Remov ing he r r i ng f rom the pocke t o f a he r r i ng L rap ne t .

Load ing he r r i ng on to a conveyo r .

L o a d i n g h e r r i n g i n t o v e h i c l e f o r t r a n s p o r L t o f a c L o r y .

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t-f t deep i n the bun t . Eo r a t ime a f i she rman a t tended the neEa l l n igh t i n a boa t and i n i t i a ted the hau l i ng p rocedure when hei r r d n e d f h ^ + e r l f f i . . i a n t h a r r i n c r f n r { - h a f a - f . \ r r ? | e h r n r l l i n ao r r o r r u r f I Y

c a p a c i t y w a s i n s i d e i t .

D u r i n g t h e 1 9 5 0 ' s , r o c k l o b s t e r f i s h e r m e n b e g a n t o c a t c hher r i ng fo r t he i r own rock l obs te r ba i t r equ i remen tsp redominan t l y i n t he Ro t tnes t I s l and a rea . The re a re no fo rma lreco rds o f t he quan t i t i es taken as such ca tches were no tr a a r r i r a A + ^ r . \ 6 y 6 h ^ r + a r l n n r ^ h + h l 1 ' 1 6 f r r r n S . C a t c h e S W e f e

f r ozen and s to red fo r use w i th undoub ted l y sma l l quan t i t i esh o i n c c n l d r c f r o e h f i c h l " h i c a n a r r + i n - r . . ; + l ' + i - ^ 1 ^ , r + ^r r r f r v P c r o L _ L r L l c , r t . u L U

con f l i c t \ , r i t h t he rec rea t i ona l g roup and f rom 1964 wasres t r i c ted to the mon ths o f May -Ju Iy the peak o f t he Ro t tnes tI s Iand he r r i ng season . Con f l i c t be tween the two g roups ,however , con t i nued and i n 1973 a to ta l a l l vea r ban was o lacedo n n e t f i s h i n c r e t R . l f f n F q l R r r + h i e 1 - i m a h o r r i n n ' . ' . . . . ' ^ i r

es tab l i shed as a rock l obs te r ba i t and a marke t ex i s teda c c o r d i n g l y . O p p o r t u n i t y t h u s e x i s t e d f o r t h e s o u t h c o a s th e r r i n g f i s h e r y t o e x p a n d i n t e r m s o f b o t h c a t c h i n g a n dp r o c e s s i n g . T h i s o c c u r r e d o v e r s e v e r a l s e a s o n s f r o m 1 9 7 4 .Pr io r t o t h l s i n rea l i t y , on l y one p rocesso r rece i ved he r r i ngin A lbany and hand led a round 90? o f t he en t i re W.A . he r r i nqc a t c h .

A second p rocesso r commenced ope ra t i ons i n a sma l l way i n 1976and ove r t he nex t f ew yea rs i nc reased capac i t y t o hand leh e r r i n g . T h e o r i g i n a l p r o c e s s o r a l s o b e g a n t o t a k e m o r eher r i ng fo r t he ba i t marke t co r respond ing ty becoming l essin te res ted i n cann j .ng he r r i . ng , o f wh ich i n t he pas t t hey hadcanned up to 200 tons . l n 1977 the wes t coas t sa lmon p rocesso rcommenced ope ra t i ons on the sou th coas t i n t e rms o f sa lmon anda lso took he r r i ng . Thus by 1980 the re were th ree ou t l e t s f o rhe r r i ng and the demand fo r i t as rock }obs te r ba i t hadi n c r e a s e d c o n s i d e r a b l y . T h e g e a r u t i l i z e d i n t h i s p e r i o d t otake he r r i ng was bo th beach se ines and t rap ne ts l e f t se tove rn igh t . The usage o f t rap ne ts had i nc reased ve ry g radua l l y^ r r o 1 . t h i e n a r i n n

Sa lmon f i she rmen p r io r t o t he 1970 ' s were requ i red to c leanthe i r f i sh on the beaches i n o rde r t o se l_ l - t hem to thep rocesso rs . Th i s c lean ing p rocess , wh ich i nc luded head ing andgu t t i ng , was bo th t ime and l abour consuming . Dur ing the ea r l yp a r t o f t h e 1 9 7 0 ' s p r o c e s s o r s b e g a n t o r e c e i v e f i s h i n t h ewho l -e / round condr t i on and c lean them in the fac to ry . Fo r at ime d i f f e r i ng p r i ces were o f fe red fo r who le and c leaned f i sh .There fo re f i nanc ia l i ncen t i ve ex i s ted wh ich encouraged thec l e a n i n g o f s m a l I s a h n o n c a t c h e s e . g . b e l o w 2 t o n n e s w h i c hcou ld be c leaned eas i l y and qu i ck l y . w i th t ime and compe t i t . i onbe tween p rocesso rs , t owards the end o f t he 1970 ' s the p r i cej -ncen t i ve to c lean f i sh d i sappeared as d id the c lean ing o fsa lmon on beaches . W i th the abandonmen t c f t h i s c lean ingp r o c e s s , i n l a t e r y e a r s , m o r e t i m e w a s a v a i l a b l e f o r h e r r i n gf i c h i n a h 5 ? { - i ^ , r ' l : r ' I r r r , r i + } r f ' - h n ^ r - d

r v q ! L r u u r q ! ! J w t L L ! q I / r j s L - .

The he r r i ng f i she ry un t i l t he 1983 season was un regu la ted i nt e r m s o f g e a r , e n t r y , e t c . I n c r e a s e s i n p r i c e a n d d e m a n d f o rhe r r i ng wh ich occu r red i n t he 1980 !s 1ed to a co r respond inginc rease i n con f l - i c t be tween p ro fess iona l f i she rmen . Th i s was' i n r e o a r d t . ) e . - . : p s s F ^ l - h o r r c a n f { r r n q o + . h . \ f h, s u ! v r ! r q y J ,

b

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rece i ved as a g i f t f r om a rec rea t i ona l f i she rman (Work ing Groupon Mercu rv i n E i - sh ' L9791 .

DESCRIPT ION OE THE HERRING F ISHERY IN 1985

A. Gear and mode o f ope ra t i cn - P ro fess iona ls

Three bas i c t ypes o f gea r a re used to take he r r i ng as fo l l ows ;

(a ) Se t ne ts o f va ry ing mesh s i ze usua l - l y 54 -58 mn . Ne ts a re[EIETl!-s e t overnight in she]tered waters- Somet- imes setne ts a re run a round he r r j . ng schoo ls a t sea to mesh someh e r r i n g .

(b ) Beach se ines sho t f r cm the sho re f rom a lum in ium o r t imberaff iqEl e s usual ly rowed rather than under power. Nett ingtea i s e i t he r wa i t f o r schoo ls to move in to a p rede te rm inedpos i t i on to be ne t ted o r a re rnob j - l e t rave l l i ng a longieaches i n 4 whee l d r i ve veh ic les l ook ing fo r schoo ls andca r ry ing boa ts and ne ts w i th them. Beach se ines va ry anleng lh i r om 200-500 me t res and i n dep th acco rd ing to a reas

f i shed . R ing ne ts wh ich a re used i n Geographe Bay a re an

real i ty s lmpTl- Ueach seines whj-ch are set and hauled ontoa boat- . Ri-ng nett ing uni ts t ravel afong the shore in the

she l te red waaers o f Geographe Bay and f i sh a re ne t ted ove rs a n d o r s e a g r a s s b e d s .

T rap ne ts a re made o f ne t t i ng ma te r ia l ' as used i n beachEEfiEsl and are set out f rom the shore at night in acon f i gu ra t i on wh ich con ta ins a ' hook r a t one end ' Mos tne ts i r e des igned and bu i l t f o r a spec i f i c beach . Se t t i ngcon f i gu ra t i o t r s va ry w i th G and No . 6 con f i gu ra t i ons be ingmos t i ommon ly used (F j -gu re 2 ) . D imens ions o f some t rapne ts a re q i ven (Tab le 1 ) . Some t rap ne ts cons i s t o ff l oa ts and anchor ing sys tems p laced i n the \da te r f o r t heper iod o f t he he r r i ng m ig ra t i on . on to wh ich ne t t i ngi ra te r j . a l i s c l i pped when a se t i s regu i red . Somet imesboa ts o r pon toons a re used as f l oa ts o f ten on the co rne rso r cu rves o f t he ne t t i ng con f i gu ra t i on - A lways one end o f

the ne t i s anchored to the sho re - Ne ts a re se t t owardssunse t and hau led a f te r sun r i se . Ne ts can on l y be se ti n good wea the r and sea cond i t i ons as they a re l i ab le to

be i amaged , l os t o r ro l l - ed \ ' { i t h a subsequen t l oss o f ca tchi n p o o r c o n d i t i o n s . T h u s t r a p s e t t i n g s a r e n o t e v e r y d a yocc i l r rences , i n f ac t somet imes on l y 10 -20 se t t i ngs a reach ievab le fo r a two to th ree mon th season . T rap ne tswere no t usua l l y se t a f te r m id May because wea the r and seacond i t i ons a re -pp roach ing a w in te r pa t te rn even thoughher r i ng a re s t i l f m ig ra t i ng pas t ne t t i ng beaches .Regu la i i ons have ex i i t ed s j . nce 1983 wh ich con t ro l se l t i ngt imes . Her r i ng a re taken f rom t rap ne ts e i t he r by hau l i ngthe who le ne t on to the beach , by remova l o f a pocke t wh ichi s hau led on tc the beach , o r by se in ing f i sh ou t f rom thene t w i th a sma l l e r beach se ine . I n many cases thequan t i t i es o f f i sh taken i n a ne t a re excess i ve anddhere fo re p reven t hau l i ng the ne t d i rec t l y on to the beach 'The en t r y 6 f non -sa tmon i i she rmen in to he r r i ng t rapp inghas l ed to the i n t roduc t i on o f i nnova t i ons i n recen t yea rs

in te rms o f t rap ne t cons t ruc t i on ' mode o f ope ra t i on , and

f 0

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d i rec t l y o r i nd i rec t , l y f o r f ood . Some f i she rmen ' espec ia l l y on

the l ower wes t coas t , marke t t he i r ca tch d i rec t l y t o t he pub l i c

f rom sma l l - es tab t i shmen ts a t tached to the i - r homes . Suche s tab l - i shmen ts , i n some cases , a re l i censed and con t ro l l ed by

Ioca l Sh i res as re t -a i l i ng ou t l e r - s and cons i s t o f f ac i l i t i essuch as b r i ck bu i l d ings w i th conc :e te f l oc rs , s ta in l "ess s tee lbenches , coo l rooms and sma] l f r eeze rs . I n many cases be ingab le to buy f resh he r r i ng i s an a t t rac t i on to tou r i s t s andlocal peop-le al ike and thus important to the community of thesouth ivesl . catches rnade include both migrat ing and residenthe r r i ng w i th res iden t f i sh be ing as impor tan t as m ig ra t i ng f i shfo r t h5y enab fe f i she rmen to se rv j - ce a demand fo r he r r i ngou ts ide the m j -g ra t l - r rg season .

D . Regu la t i on o f t he p ro fess iona l f i she ry - backg round 'devel-opment and current status

There has been con f l i c t ove r Aus t ra l i an he r r i ng amongs tp ro fess iona l f i she rmen and be tween p ro fess iona ls and amateu rss i n c e t h e e a r l y 1 9 4 0 ' s .

Power to endorse a p ro fess iona l f i she rman 's l i cence w i thcond i t i ons to ass i s t i n managemen t and con t ro l o f any f i she ry

\ " ras i n t roduced as an amendmen t to the F i she r ies Ac t i n 1946(pub l i shed i n Governmen t Gaze t te (No . 22 , Sec t ' 3 ) ' Th i s power

w is used l n 1947 to se t up some opera t i ng ru les fo r a hau f ne t

f i she ry fo r he r r i ng wh ich ex i s ted a t t he Bunbury b reakwa te r 'up to i nett ing teims operated there at the t ime and had comei i - r t o con f l i c t . Ru les i n t roduced as a cond i t i on o f f i cenceconce rned the p r i o r i t y o f ne t t i ng ( sho ts ) and the ope ra t i on o f

s h o t s , e t c .

Her r i ng had been taken a t Ro t tnes t I s . by p ro fess iona l -f i s h e r i e n s i n c e a t l e a s t t h e 1 9 3 0 ' s . T h e y e i t h e r m a r k e l e dthe i r ca tch as f resh f i sh and /o r re ta ined i t f c r t he i r rocklobs te r ba i t r equ i remen ts . con f l i c t has t rad i t i ona l l y ex i s teda t Ro t tnes t be tween th i s g roup and rec rea t i ona l f i she rmen , as a

consequence o f wh ich a pa r t i a l ne t t i ng ban was i n t roduced(pub l i shed Governmen t Gaze t te 3 Ju l y L964 , 23 Augus ! , f 969 ) t op ieven t p ro fess iona l f i she rmen f rom d i s tu rb ing amateu r - ang l -e rs 'bh i " bun - app l i ed f rom I Augus t t o 30 Apr i l and thus a l l owedpro fess ion i i s t o t ake he r r i ng , wh ich wou ld o the rw ise be l os t t o

i h e p u b l i c , d u r i n g t h e p e a k o f t h e h e r r i n g r u n a t R o t t n e s t - i ' e '- r , , - ^ - - ^ r , r r r r T h e c o n f l i c t a n d c o n t r o v e r s y c o n t i n u e d ,I l c t y I r J u r r s d r r u u u r J .

t u l i r ea bv expans - ion i n t he p ro fess iona l ca tch un t i l 1973 whfue l l ed by expans in the p ro fess iona l ca tch un t i l 1973 whena to ta l n2 t t t i " g ban was i n t roduced . Th i s was we l l r ece l ved bythe rec rea t i on i l g roup bu t no t by the p ro fess iona ls . The banex i s t s t oday .

The E ishe r ies Depar tmen t con t ro l s f i sh ing genera l l y on sa lmonbeaches du r ing the pe r iod 15 Februa ry to 30 Apr i l by ap roc la imed t i i t r i nq i one l eg i s la t i on (amendmen t to the F i she r iesac t 1964 , pub l i shed i n Governmen t Gaze t te 29 Augus t ' 19751 'A I l sa lmon beaches have been dec la red p roc la imed f i sh ing zones

and pub l i shed as such i n the Governmen t Gaze t te . P r io r t o 1982the g rea t ma jo r i t y o f he r r i ng was caugh t on sa lmon beachest a r g 6 t y w i t h l n t h 6 p r o c l a i m e d f i s h i n g p e r i o d . T h i s g a v e . t h er i s6e r - i es Depar tmen t regu la t c ry powers ove r t he he r r i ng f i she ry- ^ - - - - ^ . i r r r y ! , r . ^ t h o n r i n n ' i n a l i n t F n t o f t h e I e E i s l a t i o n t o

a o ! y e v

p r o t e c t s a l m o n f i s h i n g o p e r a t i o n s .

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(4 ) I r app roved , cond i t i ons o f ope ra t i on by bo th the app l i can tand the res iden t f i she rmen wou ld be se t ou t .

The Hon . M in i s te r s ta ted tha t t o a I l ow u r ,due compe t i t i on onbeaches ove r t he cap tu re o f he r r i ng had the po ten t i a l t o re tu rnto a con f l i c t s i t ua t i on and tha t t he h i s to r i ca l pa t te rn o ff i sh ing shou ld p reva i l un t i l 20 Apr i l .

Subsequen t t o th i s dec i s ion the Hon . M in i s te r dec ided tocont inue to a1l-or, / the movement of one f isherman to a part icularbeach ea r l i e r t han th i s da te , as had occu r red s ince 1 ig0 . Theda te a l l owed was 10 Apr i l o r ea rL ie r i f bo th teams j - . e . mov ingand res iden t chose to ope ra te as a s ing le un i t . I f no tope ra t i r rg as a s ing le un i t t he da te 10 Apr i l was to app ly andse t t i ng was to be on a day by day bas i s .

In regulat ing approved movement and operat ion of teams theFisher ies Department has developed the fol l -owinq rulesr e g a r d i n g s e t t i n g :

( i ) I f a t eam wh ich has the au tho r i t y t o f i sh on an a l l oca tedn igh t dec ides no t t o do so , t hey fose the r i gh t o f t ha tse t , and any o f t he rema in ing team/s may se tw i thou t l os ing the au tho r i t y t o se t on Lhe i r a l - I oca tedn i g h t , t h u s g a i n i n g a n e x t r a n i g h t ' s f i s h i n g .

( i i ) T h e h e r r i n g n e t s h a l l n o t b e s e t p r i o r t o 1 G 0 0 h o u r s ,

( i i i ) Day t ime beach hau ls up to 1600 hou rs mav be ca r r i ed ou tv r i t hou t t he l -oss o f t he a l l , oca ted n igh t se t .

The Depar tnen t has aLso es tab l i shed add i t i ona l ru les pe r ta in ingto bo th new en t ran ts i n to the f i she rv i n t e rms o f t raoopera t i on and new loca t i ons i n wh ich t raps may be ope ia ted .New en t ran ts mus t be l i censed sou th coas t - es tua r ine - f i she rmenand new beaches mus t have the app rova l o f l oca1 Sh i res ando the r Governmen t bod ies wh ich m igh t have j u r i sd i c t i on i n , f o rexamp le , Na t i ona l Pa rks .

The i n t roduc t i on c f regu la t i ons , conce rn inq the ca t . - -h inc r . r fhe r r i ng w i th t rap ne ts , f ocussed a t ten t i " " ' " " " ' t n .

" f i = f . "7 " " " i t i ,

t he resu l - t t ha t t he usage o f t raps i nc reased , pa r t i cu la r l y ou to f season . Th i s phenomenon o f i nc reased e f fo r t us u r . "u i t o ft he i n t roduc t i on o f regu la t i ons , i s a common obse rva t i on o fmany o the r managed f i she r ies .

I I I WESTERN AUSTRALIAN HERRING CATCHES 1975 /76 - 1983 /84 ASINDICATED BY AUSTRALIAN BUREAU OE STATTSTICS DATA

Pro fess iona l f i she rmen 's mon th l y re tu rns a re coded bv theF ishe r ies Depar tmen t and p rocessed by the Aus t ra l j . an - Bu reau o fS ta t i s t i cs (ABS) . ABS re tu rns th i s i n fo rma t ion to theDepartment as processed data on computer tape. Two sumrnarieso f he r r i ng ca tches were p roduced f rom these da ta (Tab les 2 and3) : ca tches i n l i ve we igh t by f i sh ing me thod , and ca tches i . nl ive weight by locat i ty. Both summaiies were for the 9 yearpe r iod 1975-76 to 1983-84 and were fo r t he who le S ta te .

Examinat ion of the catches made by f ishing method (Tab1e 2)shor4rs that the major proport ion of the heir inq catch was made

1 4

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1 V

ca tches however , a l t hough sma l l compared w i th the sou th coas the r r i ng f i she ry , shou ld no t be underes t ima ted i n te rms o f t hej -ncome they genera te to f i she rmen , and the p rov i s ion o f f reshf i s h t o r e s i d e n t s o f , a n d v i s i t o r s t o , s u c h a r e a s .

Ca tches wh ich a re made no r th o f Pe r th a re much less than thosed iscussed bu t a re a l so l i ke l y t o be underes t ima ted on re tu rnsand a re so ld fo r f ood o r ba i t . They a l so genera te i ncome o fimpor tance to sma l l f i sh inq ope ra t i ons .

SOUTH COAST PROEESSIONAL CATCHES DERIVED EROM E'ACTORYR E C E I V A L D A T A , 1 9 7 3 _ 1 9 8 5

Eac to ry rece i va l da ta were co l l ec ted f rom p rocess inges tab l i shmen ts and coded fo r compu te r p rocess ing . P rocess inge s t a b l i s h m e n t s g i v e a r e c e i p t f o r e a c h l o a d o f h e r r i n g r e c e i v e dr n d v o n a r d d r i l r r n r r - n h a e f L a - f ^ f ^ 1 r r o i a h t \ r c r a n a i r r a r t h r r

f i s h e r m e n a n d b y l o c a t i o n a n d f o r w a r d s u c h d a t a t - o t h eF i s h e r i e s D e p a r t m e n t o n r e q u e s t . T h i s i s a s t a t u t o r y c o n d i t : - o nn f f h a i r n r n n o e e i h d r i - ^ - ^ ^ - - , , ^ r r ^ ^ t h a n r n r | i c . i a n n f

t / l v v L J J r r l Y y r v l r 9 a v l l v !

m o n t h l y p r o c e s s i n g f i g u r e s .

Once coded and compu te r i zed the da ta were checked aga ins to r i g ina l rece i va l da ta and , when co r rec t , summar ies p roducedu s i n g t h e v a r i a b l e s : d a t e , f i s h e r m a n , b e a c h , a r e a a n d t o t a lwe igh t ( kg ) .

T o t ^ l h F r r i n o r - a f c h e s f o r t h e s o u t h c o a s t l ' v m o n l - h f o r t h eyears 1973 to June 1985 a re shown in Tab le 4 . To ta l sou th- ^ . c r - h a r r i h d . , ^ + . . h 6 - L , , r , ^ r r - r ^ ^ h ^ . . , n i n F i . r r r r o 4 T h o c or . Y ! u ! s r r e - u y y g o !

da ta show the i nc rease i n sou th coas t ca tch wh ich occu r red i n1974 as a resu l t o f t he 1973 to ta l ne t t i ng ban imposed fo rRo t tnes t I s l and . A dec l i ne i n ca tch then occu r red to thep rev ious l eve l s fo r t he nex t 4 yea rs , and then i nc reased , w i thsome f l uc tua t i ons , t o t he l eve l a t ta ined i n 1985 o fapp rox ima te l y 990 tonnes . The ca tch a t ta ined i n a season hasa lways been in f l uenced by the p r i ce pa id , t he p rev ious sa lmonca tch and i t s p r i ce pa id , and the wea the r ra the r t han theabundance o f he r r i ng ava i l ab le . Be fo re the 1983 season thema jo r i t y o f t he ca tch was taken du r ing the mon ths o f March andApr i1 , w i th the ma jo r ca tch ing mon th usua l l y be ing Apr i l .Sma l le r ca tches occu r ou ts ide o f t hese mon ths . ca tches f romJune to Eebrua ry a re though t mos t l y t o i nvo l ve res iden t schoo lso f f i s h , r a t h e r t h a n m i g r a t i n g s c h o o l s a s i s t h e c a s e i n M a r c h ,A p r i I a n d M a y . D u r i n g t h e n o n - m i g r a t i n g m o n t h s , s m a l l e rc a t c h e s a r e a l s o s o l d t o t h e p u b l i c a s f r e s h f i s h , b u t t h e s eon ly appear i n ABS mon th l y f i she rmanrs re tu rn da ta and no t i nf a c t o r y r e c e i v a l s . H e r r i n g d e l i v e r e d t o f a c t o r i e s i s u s u a l l yf rozen and packed fo r rock l obs te r ba i t . I n t he pas t up to 200tonnes o f he r r i ng were canned in A lbany , bu t t h i s has no toccu r red fo r some yea rs now.

F rom the 1982 season onwards the ma jo r ca tch ing mon th was Apr i lw i th more s ign i f i can t ca tches be ing made in o the r mon ths thanhad p rev ious l y occu r red . Th i s can be l a rge l y a t t r i bu ted to thec losu re to he r r i ng t raps o f Feb rua ry 10 to March 24( inc lus j - ve ) . I n sp i te o f t h i s c losu re i n 1984 , 202 tonnes o fhe r r i ng were caugh t du r ing March i . e . a f te r 24 March . Rece iva lda ta a f te r 1983 demons t ra te the i n f l uence o f new en t ran ts i n tothe f i she ry , o f ten non -sa lmon f i she rmen , who f i sh a l l yea r

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lnq Jaquacoc o+ aunf sqluoru aq1 uT apeu seuTlauos a.rarl saqslecluecr;1u6'rsuT 'Zg6I 01 eL6T 'e'T , s:ead asaql TTE .roJ . aunf Jopue oq1 dq qclec ?00I peuretle Bt6I .de6 .d1:ea dq 19961; qclec

Tplo+ .rreq1 bulrratqce Zg6I 01 6L6I q+T^r ,IT:dv u-F qclec tror"{1Jo ?86-09 uaanleq ua{e1 ppq Z86I 01 9161 s:eed aqg, .ITrdV

-,,- a^ .Jo puo or{+ ^q paurplle sel\l g00I .a.T qcfp3 Te1o1 oql LLSI

01 El6T sfea^ aq+ Jo esec aq1 uI .zg6l o1 tl6l s.ree^ aql .rol:1r:dg g:o qluour aq1 6ur:np uar1pl sEA qcleJ aL{1 1o ,{1r:o[e'.u aq;

'rr'\ rra)tt etl-t rrt q_a_^ ^ i.rrr-rcrrr q+uvu elt+ Jv edrry+s td++c[ .Jq+ uI r.-___ 1,.,_ S1T

Jo ?0e 6uru1e1qo Z86T qlTA '(?ET pue ?tT) T86T pue gg51 s:ea.{eq+ Jo] qJrev{ Jo pua aq1 o1 dn epeu: aJer"r saqJlec luecrg:rubrsul '(zvz - 6L6r 'zzz - gL6r 'z9T - LL6T 'zrz - gL6T ,e"tv -

eL6T) r{orphl Jo pue eq1 Iq saqc+ec Te1o1 el1lcadsa: :req1 fo BttpuE 9T uaa$1aq 6u1>1e1 ,qcrpl^l-prur atoJeq qc+ec ou lsouTe Iool6L6I o+ 9161 s:ead aq; ..{lenrlcadset uo{e1 uaaq ppq seqclerJo Z9Z pue g6Z qluou 1eq1 l:o puo aq+ ^q fTlun qc;efi ur .d1:ea

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uojrJ palr.rap sTptro1 qclec dlrep pup elep qJlec elrlpTnunJ

. STqlacuonT1ur r{crqa sloloeJ f elueuuo.rrluo luelJodurt aq r{eu .A1tur1es

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'sple.&uo gL6T uiof d .II pe-rp pue I pa-re uaeAlaq pepT^Tp dlureu.lspA qJlpc Tplol aql gL6T 01 "ror-rd . -rnoqJpg dpur14 otr lsam

, ueqTv / III pa-rv i lsea .dueqTv of qcpag sau.{aqo ,II ea.:V j eqcTuade3 o1 saTJEqJ 1d /I €a.rv :1E a:n61g ,g aTqetr.) uAoqs are

qclec fseoc qlnos Te+o+ aq1 fo sa6eluac.rad se passe.rdxa pue (Ia:n613; see.re t olur pedno:6 seqclec 6ur:.:eq lseoc q?nos Tp4o;

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arou auocaq 01 ueurlaqsrJ uoulTps pabelnocua spq srqJ .uoruTpsueql ueu.raqsTJ 01 aTqenTpA e:our 6ururocaq 6u1::aq 01 peef

seq 'uourTps loJ aspa-rcap e q1T^r pe:eduroc 6ur::aq :og: pred acr:dur aspa-rcur aq1 sp qcns s-ro+cef f,aq4g . sde:1 6ur::aq q+ra 1oulseJT le 'aa-r6ap e6:e1 e 01 -rnoco 1ou pTp sTql tg6T ur a-rnsolc

e Jo uoTlcnporlur aqtr o? .ror:d .sde:1 6ur::aq qlrA puno-r

s e i - n e o p e r a t i o n s , w e r e m a d e i n a l l t h r e e y e a r s ( 1 9 8 3 , 8 4 , 8 5 ,du r ing the pe r iod o f t he cLosu re up to 25 March resu l t i ng i nthe pe l cen tage to ta l s o f 4%, 12? and l -58 . By the end o f l 4a rchthe cumu la t i ve ca tch pe rcen tages had reached 92 , 322 and 18*€ ^ r + h 6 . , a r r e 1 O R ? t n I a Q ( r o c n a n + i r r a l r z T h 6 \ , a A r c 1 a R ? f n

1985 fo l l owed a s im i l a r pa t te rn to p rev ious yea rs w i th them a j o r i t y o f t h e c a t c h b e i n g t a k e n i n A p r i l i . e . 9 4 ? , 9 8 ? a n d922 . These yea rs , aga in fo l l ow ing a s im i l a r pa t te rn to yea rsp r io r t o t he c losu re , ach ieved to ta l ca tch pe rcen tages by ea r l yto m id May .

I t shou ld be no ted hcwever , t ha t more cons i s ten t sma l l ca tcheswere made in the mon ths fo l l ow ing the season i , e . June toDecember, but again these were not of the magnitude to changethe ove ra l l pe rcen tages . Dur ing the yea rs 1983 and 1984 (1985da ta a re i ncomp le te ) he r r i ng ca tches were made in a lmos t eve rymon th o f t he yea r , a f though fo r mos t mon ths ca tches werem i n i m a l .

V EEFORT AND CATCII PER UNTT OF EEFORT IN THE PROEESSIONALF I S H E R Y 1 9 7 3 - 1 9 8 5

The number o f beaches f i shea pe r a rea pe r yea r and the numbero f f i she rmer . ( f i sh ing teams o r f i sh ing un i t s ) pe r a rea pe r yea rwere ca l cu la ted by ex t rac t i on f rom compu te r summar ies o ffac to ry rece j - va l da ta (Tab le 6 ) .

The number o f beaches f i shed va r ied be tween 6 and 12 i n theper iod 1973-1980 and i nc reased f rom 1981 onwards to as h igh as21 beaches i n 1984 . A s im i l a r t rend . can be seen w i th thenumber of f ishermen,/ teams operat ing, varying between 9 and 19in the pe r iod 1973-1981 w i th a marked i nc rease f rom 1982 to theh ighes t o f 30 teams in 1984 . Th i s i l l us t ra tes the i nc rease i ne f fo r t wh ich has occu r red s ince 1981 , espec ia l l y du r ing theper iod 1983-1984 f rom the l ower l eve fs o f t he p rev ious yea rs1 9 7 3 - 1 9 8 0 . S o m e o f t h e r e a s o n s f o r t h i s i n c r e a s e i n e f f o r t , a sp rev ious l y d i scussed , were : t he p r i ce ; t he s ta tus o f t he sa lmonf i she ry ; wea the r i and the demand fo r he r r i ng as rock l obs te r

These measures o f e f fo r t we re cons ide red toge the r w i th ca tch top roduce i nd i ces o f ca tch pe r un i t o f e f fo r t (CPUE) by beach andby f i sh ing un l t i n t e rms o f f i sh ing a rea and the to ta l sou thc o a s t h e r r i n g f i s h e r y ( T a b l e 7 , F i g u r e s 8 , 9 , 1 0 ) .

A rea I I (Cheynes Beach - A lbany eas t - ) ach ieved a h ighe r CPUEwhere the un i t o f e f fo r t was a beach , l han a rea I (B remer Bay -Cape R iche ) o r a rea I I I A lbany wes t - W indy l l a rbou r (Tab le 7 ,F igu re 8 ) . Th i s was l a rge l y a t t r i bu tab le to Cheynes Beachwh ich p rov ides the bes t ope ra t i ng and ca tch ing cond i t i ons totake he r r i ng w i th a t rap ne t . Eo r a rea I I CPUE f l uc tua teddramatj-cal l -y f rom year to year. Area I when compared rrr ' i th areaI I rema ined reasonab ly cons tan t i n t e rms o f CPUE wt l i l e a rea I I Ii nc reased f rom Iower l eve l s i n ea r l i e r yea rs to h ighe r l eve l sin 1979-85 , bu t l ower than the o the r two a reas .

In te rms o f CPUE, where the un j - t o f e f fo r t \ das a f i sh ing un i to r t eam (Tab ]e T ,E igu re 9 ) , a reas I and I I f o l l owed a s im i fa rpa t te rn f rom 1973 to L982 . As f rom 1982 onwards , a rea I improvedupon a rea I I . The reason fo r t h i s was tha t new en t ran ts i n to the

1 8

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I cI

b e c o m e a v a i l a b l e a n d a sg e n e r a l l y h a s i m p r o v e d .

access to beaches and the sho re l i ne

The p ro fess iona l f i she ry ope ra tes w i th se t ne ts , beach se ines

and i rap ne ts . T rap ne ts accoun t - f o r t he g rea tes t p ropo r t l on

o i t i r " i r o fess iona l ca tch . They a re now des igned spec i f j ca l l y

ior the" beach on which they are set and have undergone changes

in te rms o f s i ze , des ign and mode o f ope ra t i on w i th t ime ,

espec ia l l y s ince 1983 . A team o f f i she rmen i s requ i red to -

op l ra te a t rap ne t , and . i n mos t cases ' t h i s un i t i s t he sa lmon

f i sh ing team. Aus t ra l i an he r r i ng m ig ra te a fong the sou th -and

sou th ;es t coas ts immed ia te l y f o l l ow ing the Aus t ra l i an sa lmon

mig ra t i on .

Examina t i on o f p ro fess iona l f i she rmen 's mon th l y re tu rns 'summar i sed by t i - re Aus t ra l i an Bureau o f S ta t i s t i cs ' i l l us t ra tes

tha t t he rna j6 r p ropo r t i on o f t he W-A . ca tch comes f rom the

S o u t h c o a s t - f j . s h e r y . T h e d a t a a f s o s h o w t h a t s m a l l e r c a t c h e soccu r t h roughou t t he d i s t r i bu t i -ona I range o f he r r i ng i n W 'A ' -

These ca tch6s a l t hough o f much less s ign i f i cance i n te rms o f

magnitude' compared wlt l t t t te south coast, are however important

to the f i she rmen who make them. I t can be assumed tha t ap ropo r t i on o f t hese smaf le r ca tches a re u t i l i zed fo r f ood- ra t i r e r

t han rock l obs te r ba i t .

A c lose r ana lys i s o f t he sou th coas t ca tch can be ob ta ined by

examina t i on o? the fac to ry rece i va l da ta ' Such da ta show a

g i i d " " f expans ion i n t he sou th coas t f i she ry du r ing the pe r iod

ig l l - t g } t i nd a more rap id expans ion f rom 1982 onwards ' The

ma jo r i t y o f t he ca tch i i t aken du r ing the mon ths o f March and

Ap ; i l w i th the ma jo r mon th be ing ap r i r . H i s to r i ca l l y ' mos t o f

; ; ; - ; " t ; h occu r reA in the cen t raL and eas te rn a rea o f t he sou th

coas t . I n recen t yea rs the wes te rn a rea has con t r i bu ted to the

to ta l ca tch more so than i n the pas ! . Genera l l y t he dec reased

pr i ce pa id fo r sa lmon and i nc reased p r i ce fo r he r r i ng has

i-r .ce="]- tat"d salmon/herr ing teans throughout the f ishery

devo t i ng more a t ten t i on to he r r i ng f i sh ing '

The c losu re to the use o f he r r i ng t raps i n t he pe r iod 10 Feb -

25 March does no t appear to have a f fec ted the to ta l ca tch '

However , an apparen t consequence o f t -h i s c losu re i s t ha t more

cons i s ten t t re i ' r i nq ca tches have occu r red ou ts ide the ma in

mon ths o f t he he r i i ng f i - she ry than was the case p rev ious l y , '

Such ca tches a re sma i l conpa ieo w i th ca tches made du r ing the- - i a r m n n + h <

Examina t i on o f t he un i t s o f e f fo r t i . e . f i sh ing beaches and

; f i l i ; ; - un i t s / t eams

a long w i th ca tch sugges ts tha t e i t he r i s a

su i tab ie measure o f e f fo i t . The l eve l o f e f fo r t has i nc reased

a ; ; ; l h ; t w i th f i sh ing e f f i c i encv w i th t ime , espec ia l l v s ince

L982 . Such i uc rease ; however , do no t appear to have had an

impac t on the m ig ra t i ng s tock . Fu r the r i nc reases i n e f fo r t i n

te ims o f more beaches / i i sh ing teams shou ld be ca re fu l l y

mon i to red fo r t he i r impac t o i t he s tock . Fu r the r i nc reases i n

- t t i c l "ncy ove ra l l ' cu t t b " an t i c i pa ted i n t he nex t f ew yea rs

and shou13 be cons ide red a long w i th e f fo r t i nc reases '

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Load ing he r r i . ng i n to veh ic le fo r t ranspor tt -o f ac to ry .

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S,INSWA9CSTMONXSV IIA

DIMENSIONS OF SOME

TABIE 1

HERRING TRJ\P NETS TN THE PERIOD 1982-J.985(Imperial measures)

MEAN SIZE

LENGTH

GREATEST DEPTH

POCKET/BUNT

L 1/8-t 3/4n

70O yds

Bunt

l L n

400 yds

35 f t

Pocket

L 7 /8"

300 yds

30 f t

Pocket

l L n

600 yds

Pocket

11-1t"

800 yds

40 ft

Bunt

1 1 t r

300 yds

25 f t

Bunt

MEAN SIZE

LENGTH

GREATEST DEPTH

POCKET/BUNT

l L r

350 ydls

30 ft

Bunt

1 L - 1 L t r

400 yds

30 f t

Pocket

L 3/4"

500 yds

40 ft

Pocket

2 6

E

c

q

I

I

LZ

tsrlF:!

g E E gF F Bz z t' t{td 6 th

.sEg obBlrraz

t1

e

L

;

io

iJ.

I

P

d

o

6

5

q - -

4 o6 A

- 2 5 2

o 6 X E

g ; ie E H

c 5 r : r t s : cr r l I 4 ( ,8 r r l u 14

@ o > H F x e r n l a o o o o ! <

o z | l < F i < D o t l e : c | l o E o | a z u ) . ! a z 4 0 t , a H o

r a F r t - i > o A < F ] o F l i D H H E d r t r Z | < t A z ' ' r z Z A ) Z 4 &

9

?,e

c

z

i

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2 8

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.)

a

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da

P

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.)

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6Z

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ol'E{N{(,tsoF\0{HA(no(,ouro@oo!ts|tro\oor\ourN@(oNA{OP@(n

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ur(oor,T\J H

r y I A F I T . I t q . SOUTH COASTGROUPED BY

PROFESSIONAI AUSTRALIAN HERRfNGAREA WITH PERCEN?AGE COMPOSITION,

CATCH IN KG,L > I J - L J 6 )

YEAR AREA I 8 TOTAL AREA II E TOTAL AREA I I I 8 TOTAL

r97 3

r97 4

L97 5

L97 5

197 7

L 9 7 I

r97 9

1 9 8 0

1 9 8 1

1 ,982

1 9 8 3

1984

l - 9 8 5

2I0

5 d I

2 4 6

1 6 5

I29

325

288

4L7

3 1 0

268

255

3 3 8

497

r o o

234

021-

4 5 5

4 I2

283

302

7 7 1

928

8 3 6

t 6 J

9 L 4

2 L 7

4 9 . 5

5 1 . 8

) z - +

+ L . r

5 / . U

6 7 . 9

4 3 . 5

5 5 . 8

4 0 . 2

4 0 . 8

. t v . o

s 0 . 4

4 7 . 6

c R q

4 3 . 0

2 7 . 9

3 8 . 1

2 8 . 8

5 0 . 7

4 2 . 6

2 7 . 5

2 0 0 9 9

z ! J z J I

3 4 0 8 3 5

2 2 3 7 2 0

4 J I q ) 2

, t t 5 5

1 3 3 7 3 9

2 5 1 8 3 0

265 575

r o o + 2 . f ,

406 528

2 7 r 7 9 0

2 2 8 2 9 7

3 '75 094

2 0 0 4 2

1 2 1 0 0 0

6 5 0 2 3

1 0 0 4 0 5

1 2 5 8 3 8

r 0 9 7 6 2

263 258

L24 345

1 8 . 3

1 ' 7 A

7 7 . 2

'11 '7

3 0

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z€

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'v'M u.f aqlnos u-gaq1 puP saqceeq,{.raqsrJ 6uTrraH.I Duoleq aql qcTqn o1 sea.rP

2 . Design and conf igurat ions of herr ing t rap nets, southern w.A.

TRAP NETS

a. Sett ing

1953 -76

b. Hauling

1976 - 80

Typical net , 400yds x 1ra" mesh18 ply - 10yd bunt

l f catch is large,a smal lbeach seine is used lo

Good sandy beachBoat used lo anchor end oI

c. Removing Catch

3 4

EE

'leu aql olpaqrelrP ro paqsPlspraql!a oroqse palnEqpu! lro pall lelsod

qjlel 0ul^ourau f,

6ullneH q

a_urolloq ^ItorrqrPaq rood '. Eurs

ta^P,l qstJ

lo uo!par!o

. ..... \

oulllos E

sprP^ uO Z86t

penur?uoc Z e-rn6Td

3. Typ ica l anateur beach f i sh ing r lgs as used fo r her r ing in southern W.A.

c t Eo { ,E '

o Po . -

J

t)

t-

t t s

/ 6/ l r

l ; i

\ l

6Gs

.!

t

o

o

| * E- - o c t! e E . -

EaE

I

t!

ID

.! .,!: xb ' =

i ;

t D /

t 6 .

' o ? ,' - =

t , 9o

l l c

3 3

G

o

.)

lt,coa

tr

oI

o

| 6 i :

g O

ot<'6

,/ at

ao

a /

o : ,- c

- =

P qi :

a 9. /s ,=

,/ 9. -^

g | -o

0t, It

.:l E)O f i l

; E

- :

\ . - f t\ = i

o 't t E

-..\ { E , -

t R

{ . r9 -

LL

t,L IL c, LL 08 l8 z8 t8 t8 98

uvlA6t 8L

. elPp'996I-€LGT ':ear( r(q saqclec 6u1::aq

o+oII-

o

x

o

Te..\TaCa.r AJO+CeJlsPoc q?nos T P1otr

009

0001

'v

tr Sou th coas tpe rcen tages ,

he r r i ng ca tches1 9 7 3 - 1 9 8 5 .

b y a r e a , e x p r e s s e d a s

% o,.u r A rea

78 79

YEAR

3 8

N o,"u m

C)

oF

o

\o

6t

'tr1uo aung o1 d:enueg -ro; a-r€ sa:n613 qclec Telofi : g,lON

.1radvHCHV'{AHVNH€3J

ooaootoo9oo9

(8 e{o!lf,Lv3

e tlvaunc

's3H)V3elV OAddV HJr/+1-0J ss3tty NSdoEg& SUqSOIX J3N dVAt

0

oeor 6z6t0s0a

ooe0r eL6l090a

o0zor LL6l0so9

0

03

o, 9L6l09

0a

0

0zo, gL6tr09

0a

0

ozo, ? L6l09

08

0

0?

O' EL6To9

0g(s! No$FE)IVCA.lIYO

s-1v^I]CtH AHotCVl9NIHHEH

'elPpIeATAsA.r A.IO1CEJ'616T-EL6r 'qde:6qclec €n TleTnunS

7 . Cumulat ive c a t c h g r a p h , 1 9 8 0 - 1 9 8 5 , f a c t o r y r e c e i v a l d a t a .

HEBFINGFACTORY BECEIVALS

DAILYCATCH

(T0r Es)

CUNULATIVECATCH

(70NNE8)

t000

500

o

1000

500

o

1000

500

0

t0o0

500

o

1o0o

500

o

1000

500

o

100

1980 oo

100

1981 so

o

100

1982 so

0

too

1983 so

o

!00

1984 so

o

to0

1985 so

TRAP NET CLOSURE 1983 OPEN ACCESS TO BEACHES. WITH APPROVAL. 1983

CLOSURE I9E3

NOTE: Total catch f igures are for Januarv to June onlv.

IV

oto

{oI

09 1x-o

x08

o

ii

u1T

I

POrV

€arv

Par v

Teuorssero:d lseoc qlnos,ee:p'83!l"ilulo'{::.it1"3"1:l:3'8

o ca tch pe r f i sh ing un i t ( t eam) by f i sh ing a rea , sou th coas tp ro fess iona l he r r i ng f i she ry , 1973-1 "985 .

- Area I

- - - - - - - - - -Area t r

- Area III

' t

78 79

YEAR

; \, r

I

I

I

I

tI

II

. l

I

o

xtt

.,!

I

I(JF

()

/!.

I

858483818077767574

4 2

tv

Total Catch - kgs x 1035gtoeoee

{

{

I

I m

v

( -'

o

c

oo

Eooo

-{

oo

lfun 6uf qsrl / 2 qteeg / gl x sOI - qrlpC

'986T-€L6T'IJaqsrl: 6ut:raq TeuorsseJoJd lseoc qlnos ,qc1ec IplofqlTA parpduror lTun 6urqslg: :ad qclec ,qceeq :ad qc1e3 .07