9-24 Warm Up

9-24 Warm Up

PUMA, KORINA and whoever else…set your experiment up!!!

Bennie, Hagles, Millers, Grassland --- SODA??? Finish your lab set up!!!

Everyone else – get out your worksheet packetYou have until 8:30 to finish pages 1-6

Composition of Matter - Ch 2Composition of Matter - Ch 2

HakimHakim

Terms…Terms…Matter – Matter – Anything that occupies space and has massAnything that occupies space and has mass

What is the difference between mass and What is the difference between mass and weight?weight?Mass – Mass –

Amount of matter something hasAmount of matter something has

What is weight?What is weight?Measure of the pull of gravity on an objectMeasure of the pull of gravity on an object

ElementsElementsSubstances that cannot be broken into simpler Substances that cannot be broken into simpler

kinds of matterkinds of matterAtom – Atom –

Simplest particle of an element that retains the Simplest particle of an element that retains the properties of that elementproperties of that element

Nucleus -Nucleus -Contains protons and neutronContains protons and neutronMakes up most of the massMakes up most of the mass

ProtonProtonPositively charged particles in nucleusPositively charged particles in nucleus

ElectronElectronNegatively charged particles that orbit the Negatively charged particles that orbit the

nucleusnucleusNeutronNeutron

Neutral particle in the nucleusNeutral particle in the nucleus

Atomic NumberAtomic NumberNumber of protonsNumber of protons

Mass NumberMass NumberNumber of protons and neutrons in an atomNumber of protons and neutrons in an atom

IsotopesIsotopesAtoms can have different number of neutronsAtoms can have different number of neutronsEX: Carbon-12, Carbon-13 & Carbon-14EX: Carbon-12, Carbon-13 & Carbon-14

So the number of isotopes are averaged and that is the So the number of isotopes are averaged and that is the mass number on the periodic tablemass number on the periodic table

So the majority of Carbon (~99%)So the majority of Carbon (~99%) has ______ neutrons? has ______ neutrons?

66

9-25 Warm up

What is the difference between atomic number and mass number?

Water your plants (not too much!) Water is in water bottles up front.

Get out the worksheet pages 1-6…put your name on it…tear off back sheet…pass pages forward!!!

Also, hand in your warm ups!

Compounds - Compounds - Atoms of two or more elementsAtoms of two or more elements

Elements usually bond to become more Elements usually bond to become more stablestable

Energy LevelsEnergy LevelsFirst energy level can hold 2 electronsFirst energy level can hold 2 electronsSecond energy level can hold 8 electronsSecond energy level can hold 8 electronsThird energy level can hold 18 electronsThird energy level can hold 18 electronsAtoms want their energy levels to be full so they Atoms want their energy levels to be full so they

are more stableare more stable http://my.hrw.com/sh/hm2/0030724872/student/ch02/sec01/qc07/hm202_01_q07fs.htm

Draw this….Draw this….

How many electrons in…How many electrons in…How many does it need to How many does it need to

become stable?become stable?How many electrons in…How many electrons in…

And how many needed to be stable?And how many needed to be stable?

9-28 Warm Up

How many electrons can carbon accept in it’s 2nd energy orbital?

Check your plants for growth and water them if the soil is no longer moist.

Carbon = Organic Chem.

Carbon bonds readily with other elements…why do you think this happens?

B/c carbon has only4 e- in it’s outer orbital,meaning it readily accepts e- from otherelements

Compound

Aspirin:http://my.hrw.com/sh/hm2/0030724872/stude

nt/ch02/sec01/qc08/hm202_01_q08fs.htm

Draw…

Sharing 1 electron = single bondsingle bond

Sharing 2 electrons=Sharing 2 electrons= double bond double bond

Sharing 3 electrons=Sharing 3 electrons= triple bond triple bond

BondsBondsCovalent Bond – Covalent Bond –

Two atoms share electronsTwo atoms share electronsWaterWater http://my.hrw.com/sh/hm2/0030724872/student/ch02/sec01/qc09/hm202_01_q09fs.htm

BondsBonds Ions – Ions – Atom / molecule with a charge ( + or - )Atom / molecule with a charge ( + or - )Elements give / take electrons to become Elements give / take electrons to become

more stablemore stable Ionic Bond – Ionic Bond –

Charged ionsCharged ions attracting each attracting each other other

http://my.hrw.com/sh/hm2/0030724872/student/ch02/sec01/qc12/hm202_01_q12fs.htm

9-29 Warm Up

What is the difference between a covalent bond and an ionic bond?

Another example of an ionic bond…Another example of an ionic bond…

States of MatterStates of MatterSolidSolidLiquidLiquidGasGas

Which state has the least energy? The most?Which state has the least energy? The most?Solid Solid Liquid Liquid Gas GasWhich state occupies Which state occupies

the most volume?the most volume?Which take shape of Which take shape of

container?container?

Activation EnergyActivation Energy

Activation Energy –Activation Energy –Most rxns need energy input to beginMost rxns need energy input to begin

Enzyme - Enzyme - Protein that speeds up rxns w/o being Protein that speeds up rxns w/o being

changed (lowers activation energy)changed (lowers activation energy) http://my.hrw.com/sh/hm2/0030724872/student/ch02/sec02/qc06/hm202_02_q06fs.htmhttp://my.hrw.com/sh/hm2/0030724872/student/ch02/sec02/qc06/hm202_02_q06fs.htm

PolarityPolarity Polarity –Polarity –

When a molecule has an uneven distribution of When a molecule has an uneven distribution of chargecharge

Water - Water - Oxygen doesn’t share the e- equally with Oxygen doesn’t share the e- equally with

hydrogenhydrogenThe oxygen pulls the e- closer, thus the oxygen The oxygen pulls the e- closer, thus the oxygen

has a partial negative charge and the hydrogen has a partial negative charge and the hydrogen gets a partial positive charge (draw the picture)gets a partial positive charge (draw the picture)

BondsBondsHydrogen Bonds – muy importanteHydrogen Bonds – muy importante

Weak attraction between the partially negative Weak attraction between the partially negative oxygen and partially positive hydrogenoxygen and partially positive hydrogen

This is gives water some VERY IMPORTANT This is gives water some VERY IMPORTANT qualitiesqualities

Hydrogen bonds creates surface tension – water Hydrogen bonds creates surface tension – water “sticks” to itself“sticks” to itself

Which is more dense, water or metal?Which is more dense, water or metal?MetalMetal

Floating paper clip?!?!Floating paper clip?!?! Metal, but paperclip floats b/c water is weakly Metal, but paperclip floats b/c water is weakly

bonded and those bonds are not breaking.bonded and those bonds are not breaking.

States of WaterStates of Water

What is the most dense state of water?What is the most dense state of water?WaterWater

This is very important…b/c if ice was more This is very important…b/c if ice was more dense lakes woulddense lakes wouldfreeze solid and freeze solid and no life could surviveno life could survive

9-30 Warm Up

What is activation energy?

Test and review sheets due Monday…review for the test tomorrow

SolubilitySolubilityHow well something will dissolve in a liquidHow well something will dissolve in a liquid

Water = polar….which allows it to dissolve Water = polar….which allows it to dissolve other polar / ionic substancesother polar / ionic substances

Or substances that ionically bondedOr substances that ionically bondedNaCLNaCL http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gN9euz9jzwc&feature=relatedhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gN9euz9jzwc&feature=related

Water and OilDo water and oil mix? Why / why not?Below is the chemical structure of olive oil…it

is NON-POLAR

The POLAR water does not dissolve / interact with the NON-POLAR oil.

In your notes…using a bookIn your notes…using a book Define:Define: Cohesion – Cohesion –

attractive force of similar substancesattractive force of similar substancesWater to waterWater to water

Adhesion –Adhesion –Attractive force of different substancesAttractive force of different substances

Water to glassWater to glass

Explain how capillary action or capillarity Explain how capillary action or capillarity worksworks

pH – Measure of how acid / basic a substance is

Acids and BasesAcids http://my.hrw.com/sh/hm2/0030724872/student/ch02/sec03/qc05/hm202_03_q05fs.htm

Have low pHHave a lot of H3O+ (HCL or H2SO4)H20 + HCl = H30+ + Cl- http://my.hrw.com/sh/hm2/0030724872/student/ch02/sec03/qc06/hm202_03_q06fs.htm

BasesHigh pHHave a lot of OH- (NaOH)H20 + NaOH = Na+ + OH- http://my.hrw.com/sh/hm2/0030724872/student/ch02/sec03/qc07/hm202_03_q07fs.htm

Finished!