Top Banner
7DEOHGHVPDWLqUHV
27

7DEOHGHVPDWLqUHV˛ - docinsa.insa-lyon.frdocinsa.insa-lyon.fr/these/1996/akkouche/chap2.pdf · verbal musicien spirituel emotions contacts humains les emotions le raisonnement)ljxuh

Sep 15, 2018

Download

Documents

duongnga
Welcome message from author
This document is posted to help you gain knowledge. Please leave a comment to let me know what you think about it! Share it to your friends and learn new things together.
Transcript
Page 1: 7DEOHGHVPDWLqUHV˛ - docinsa.insa-lyon.frdocinsa.insa-lyon.fr/these/1996/akkouche/chap2.pdf · verbal musicien spirituel emotions contacts humains les emotions le raisonnement)ljxuh

&+$3,75( ,,� /·+200( $335(1$17

7DEOH�GHV�PDWLqUHV��

,,��� /(6 08/7,3/(6 )$&(77(6 '( /·+200( $335(1$17 ������������������������������������������������������������

,,��� /·+200( � 08/7,6(1625,(/ ������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������ ��

,,��� /·+200( � $&7(85 ������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� ��

,,��� /·+200( � (027,211(/ ������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� ��

,,��� /·+200( &211$,66$17 ��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� ��

,,��� /·+200( � 63$7,$/ ������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� ��

,,����� 127,21 '( ',67$1&( ����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������

,,����� 6,78$7,21 +200( $335(1$17 � 6<67Ë0(6 '·$335(17,66$*( ��������������������������������������������������������������������������������

,,��� /·+200( � 62&,$/ ��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� ��

,,����� /·+200( � &20081,48$17 ����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������

,,����� /(*5283( (7 /(6 &203257(0(176 '( *5283( ��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������

,,��� /·+200( � -28(85 ������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� ��

,,����� /( -(8 � 81( $&7,9,7e ,11e( ���������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������

,,����� 81 )$,7 '( 62&,e7e � /(6 -(8; ,1)250$7,48(6 ����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������

,,��� &21&/86,21 ������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� ��

Page 2: 7DEOHGHVPDWLqUHV˛ - docinsa.insa-lyon.frdocinsa.insa-lyon.fr/these/1996/akkouche/chap2.pdf · verbal musicien spirituel emotions contacts humains les emotions le raisonnement)ljxuh

&+$3,75( ,,� /·+200( $335(1$17

��

,,����/(6�08/7,3/(6�)$&(77(6�'(�/·+200(�$335(1$17

/H�FKDSLWUH�SUpFpGHQW�HVVD\DLW�GH�IDLUH�OH�SRLQW�VXU�O·pPHUJHQFH�GHV�QRXYHOOHV�WHFKQRORJLHVHW�GX�WRXW�QXPpULTXH�VHORQ�WURLV�GLPHQVLRQV�PDMHXUHV ��

♦ OHV�VWDWLRQV�HW�OD�PLFURLQIRUPDWLTXH

♦ OH�PXOWLPpGLD�HW�O·,+0

♦ OHV�UpVHDX[

F·HVW� OD�FRQMRQFWLRQ�GX�GpYHORSSHPHQW� IDQWDVWLTXH�GH�FHV� WURLV� FRPSRVDQWHV�TXL�RXYUH� ODYRLH�j�GH�QRXYHDX[�HQYLURQQHPHQWV�HW�GH�QRXYHDX[�XVDJHV�

/H�SUREOqPH�HVW�PDLQWHQDQW�GH�VDYRLU�FRPPHQW��j�TXHO�PRPHQW��j�TXHOOHV�ILQV��DYHF�TXHOOHHIILFDFLWp��HW�j�TXHO�FR�W��OHV�XWLOLVHU�

(VVD\HU� G·\� UpSRQGUH�� GDQV� O·LQVWDQW� VHUDLW� LJQRUHU� XQ� ��� pOpPHQW� SDUWHQDLUH� HVVHQWLHO�� jVDYRLU�O·XWLOLVDWHXU�SUHPLHU�GH�FHV�RXWLOV ���O·KRPPH��&H�QH�SHXW�rWUH�TX·j�O·pFODLUDJH�GH�FH�TX·LO�HVWTXH� QRXV� SRXUURQV� FRQVWUXLUH� GHV� V\VWqPHV� G·DSSUHQWLVVDJH� GH� TXDOLWp� �HIILFDFHV�� SHUIRUPDQWV�FRQYLYLDX[��UREXVWHV�������LQWpJUDQW�DYHF�SHUWLQHQFH�FHV�QRXYHDX[�HQYLURQQHPHQWV�HW�WHFKQRORJLHV�

/·REMHW�GH�FH�FKDSLWUH�HVW�DLQVL���HQ�QRXV�SODoDQW�GDQV�XQ�FRQWH[WH�GH�IRUPDWLRQ��O·KRPPH��DSSUHQDQW����G·LGHQWLILHU�HW�PRGpOLVHU� OHV�GLIIpUHQWHV�IDFHWWHV�GX�FRPSRUWHPHQW�KXPDLQ�HWG·HQWUHYRLU� �OD�SRXUVXLWH�GH� FHWWH�GpPRQVWUDWLRQ� pWDQW� O·REMHW� GHV� FKDSLWUHV� VXLYDQWV�� FRPPHQWHOOHV� SHXYHQW� rWUH� LQWpJUpHV� HW� YDORULVpHV� GH� PDQLqUH� FRQVFLHQWH� ORUV� GH� OD� FRQFHSWLRQ� HWO·XWLOLVDWLRQ�GH�V\VWqPHV�G·DSSUHQWLVVDJH�

/·KRPPH�� FRQWUDLUHPHQW� DX[� FRPSRVDQWHV� WHFKQRORJLTXHV�� SUpVHQWH� OD� FDUDFWpULVWLTXH� GHQH�SRXYRLU� rWUH� VWUXFWXUHOOHPHQW�PRGLILDEOH��3DU�FRQWUH� VHV�PRGHV�GH� IRQFWLRQQHPHQW�SHXYHQWV·HQULFKLU� �DVVH]� IDFLOHPHQW��HW� VH�GLYHUVLILHU� �SOXV�GLIILFLOHPHQW���2Q�SHXW� DLQVL� IDLUH� pYROXHU� VHVFRQQDLVVDQFHV��j�FRXUW�WHUPH��RX�VHV�FRPSRUWHPHQWV��j�SOXV�ORQJ�WHUPH���&·HVW�G·DLOOHXUV�Oj�WRXWO·HQMHX�G·XQ�DSSUHQWLVVDJH�

2U�OD�TXDOLWp�G·XQ�V\VWqPH�G·DSSUHQWLVVDJH�YD�GpSHQGUH�GH���IDFWHXUV ��

• OD�TXDOLWp�GH�VRQ�DUFKLWHFWXUH��LQIRUPDWLTXH���DVVLPLODEOH�j�XQ�© �FRQWHQDQW�ª

• OD�TXDOLWp�GX�PDWpULDX�FRJQLWLI�TX·LO�YpKLFXOH��DVVLPLODEOH�j�XQ�© �FRQWHQX�ª

• OD�TXDOLWp�GH�VRQ�XVDJH

6HXO�FH�GHUQLHU�IDFWHXU�QRXV�LPSRUWH�LFL��&·HVW�OXL�TXL�SURYRTXHUD�HQ�SUHPLHU�O·DFFHSWDWLRQ�O·DSSURSULDWLRQ��RX�OH�UHMHW�GX�SURGXLW�SDU�OHV�XVDJHUV��5pFHPPHQW�GHV�RXWLOV�GH�WpOpHQVHLJQHPHQWSHUIRUPDQWV� HW� FR�WHX[�RQW� FRQGXLW� j� XQ� pFKHF� UHWHQWLVVDQW� �GpVDIIHFWLRQ� WRWDOH� GX�SXEOLF�� SDUXQH�QRQ�SULVH�HQ�FRPSWH�GHV�GLPHQVLRQV�FXOWXUHOOH�HW�VRFLDOH�G·XVDJH�

,O�IDXW�GRQF�IRQGDPHQWDOHPHQW ��

• LGHQWLILHU OHV PXOWLSOHV IDFHWWHV TX·XWLOLVH O·KRPPH HQ VLWXDWLRQ G·DSSUHQWLVVDJH

• OHV GpFOLQHU WHFKQRORJLTXHPHQW �TXHOOHV VRQW OHV WHFKQRORJLHV TXL SHXYHQW rWUH DVVRFLpHV j

FKDFXQH G·HOOHV HW OHV DLGHU j V·pSDQRXLU�

• OHV LQWpJUHU GDQV GHV PpWKRGRORJLHV GH FRQFHSWLRQ HW GHV VLWXDWLRQV G·DSSUHQWLVVDJH�

%LHQ TXH GpMj LOOXVWUp GDQV FHWWH SDUWLH �FI� ,,�� HW ,,�� SRXU OHV DUFKLWHFWXUHV G·LQWHUIDFHV�� FH

GHUQLHU SRLQW HVW O·REMHW GHV FKDSLWUHV VXLYDQWV�

/HV IDFHWWHV TXH QRXV DYRQV LFL UHWHQXHV �FI� ILJ� ���� VRQW OHV VXLYDQWHV �

Page 3: 7DEOHGHVPDWLqUHV˛ - docinsa.insa-lyon.frdocinsa.insa-lyon.fr/these/1996/akkouche/chap2.pdf · verbal musicien spirituel emotions contacts humains les emotions le raisonnement)ljxuh

&+$3,75( ,,� /·+200( $335(1$17

��

L’HOMMEMULTISENSORIEL

L’HOMMEAPPRENANT

L’HOMMEACTEUR

L’HOMMEJOUEUR

L’HOMMESOCIAL

L’HOMMEEMOTIONNEL L’HOMME

CONNAISSANT

L’HOMMESPATIAL

• MULTIMEDIA

• BASES DE CONNAISSANCES

• SYSTEMESCOOPERATIFS

• PEDAGOGIE

• INTERACTIVITE

• RESEAUX

• ENVIRONNEMENTSD’APPRENTISSAGE

• USAGES • SAVOIR • DISTANCE

• JEUX DE ROLE

)LJXUH ���� /HV IDFHWWHV GH OKRPPH DSSUHQDQW HW OHXU GpFOLQDLVRQ WHFKQRORJLTXH

◊ O·KRPPH�PXOWLVHQVRULHO� V·RXYUH� VXU� OD� GLYHUVLWp� GHV�PRGHV� GH� FRPPXQLFDWLRQ� HW� OHPXOWLPpGLD

◊ /·KRPPH�DFWHXU�V·RXYUH�VXU�O·LQWHUDFWLYLWp�GHV�V\VWqPHV�LQIRUPDWLTXHV

◊ O·KRPPH�pPRWLRQQHO�V·RXYUH�VXU�OHV�FRQWH[WHV�SpGDJRJLTXHV�HW�OHV�XVDJHV

◊ O·KRPPH� FRQQDLVVDQW� V·RXYUH� VXU� OHV� RUJDQLVDWLRQV� HW� IRUPDOLVDWLRQV� GHVFRQQDLVVDQFHV

◊ O·KRPPH�VSDWLDO�V·RXYUH�VXU�OD�GLVWDQFH�HW�OHV�UpVHDX[

◊ O·KRPPH�VRFLDO�V·RXYUH�VXU�OHV�V\VWqPHV�FRRSpUDWLIV

◊ O·KRPPH�MRXHXU�V·RXYUH�VXU�OHV�HQYLURQQHPHQWV�G·DSSUHQWLVVDJH

,,����/·+200(���08/7,6(1625,(/

3RXU�rWUH�PLHX[�SHUoXH��PpPRULVpH��DVVLPLOpH��O·LQIRUPDWLRQ�GRLW�rWUH�PXOWLIRUPH�HW�SUrWH�jrWUH�FRQVRPPpH�SDU�O·DSSUHQDQW�SUDWLTXHPHQW�VDQV� GpPDUFKH�LQLWLDWLTXH�HQ�SDUWLFXOLHU�YLV�j�YLVGHV�RXWLOV�LQIRUPDWLTXHV�TX·LO�XWLOLVH�SRXU�\�DFFpGHU��/H�IRQFWLRQQHPHQW�GH�FHV�GHUQLHUV�GRLW�GRQFDOOHU�GH�VRL�HW�OHXU�FRQFHSWLRQ�UpSRQGUH�j�GHV�pWXGHV�HUJRQRPLTXHV�JpQpUDOHV�HW�G·XVDJH��SXEOLFVFLEOHV��� 6DFKDQW�� SDU� H[HPSOH�� TXH� OHV� FDSDFLWpV� FpUpEUDOHV� GH� SDUDOOpOLVDWLRQ� GH� FKDFXQ� G·HQWUHQRXV�VRQW�HQ�JpQpUDO�GH���LWHPV��PRLQV�SRXU�FHUWDLQV��� OD�UqJOH�GHV�VHSW�>%R\����@��HVW�XQH�UqJOHTXH�O·RQ�UHWURXYH�VRXYHQW�DYHF�OHV�LQWHUIDFHV�JUDSKLTXHV ���VHSW�PHQXV��VHSW�LWHPV�GH�PHQXV��VHSWOLJQHV�DIILFKpHV�GDQV�XQH�]RQH�GH�OLVWH�IL[H����/·rWUH�KXPDLQ�SHXW�VDLVLU��DX�SOXV��HQ�XQ�VHXO�FRXSG·±LO�VHSW�LWHPV��DYHF�XQH�WROpUDQFH�GH�SOXV�RX�PRLQV�GHX[�HQ�IRQFWLRQ�GHV�LQGLYLGXV��$X�GHOj�GHVHSW��RQ�HVW�REOLJp�GH�OLUH�OHV�LWHPV�OHV�XQV�DSUqV�OHV�DXWUHV���SRXUTXRL�GpSDVVHU�FH�FKLIIUH�VXU�XQPrPH�pFUDQ�TXH�FH� VRLW�SDU� OHV� pOpPHQWV� FRJQLWLIV� �LQGpSHQGDQWV��SUpVHQWpV�RX�SDU� OD�EDUUH�GHPHQX�XWLOLVpH�"

Page 4: 7DEOHGHVPDWLqUHV˛ - docinsa.insa-lyon.frdocinsa.insa-lyon.fr/these/1996/akkouche/chap2.pdf · verbal musicien spirituel emotions contacts humains les emotions le raisonnement)ljxuh

&+$3,75( ,,� /·+200( $335(1$17

��

&·HVW�ELHQ�GpVRUPDLV�O·DSSUHQDQW�TXL�GRLW�rWUH�DX�FRHXU�GH�OD�IRUPDWLRQ�HW�QRQ�OH�V\VWqPHG·DSSUHQWLVVDJH� �FI�� O·KRPPH� �� VSDWLDO� ILJ�� ������ /H� V\VWqPH� G·DSSUHQWLVVDJH� GRLW� DOOHU� YHUVO·DSSUHQDQW�HW�QRQ�O·LQYHUVH��,O�GRLW�GRQF�SULQFLSDOHPHQW�UpSRQGUH�DX[�EHVRLQV��GH�IRUPDWLRQ��GHO·DSSUHQDQW��RX�GX�IRUPDWHXU�TXL�OHV�H[SULPH�j�VD�SODFH��DXWUH�XWLOLVDWHXU�GX�V\VWqPH���HQ�SUHQDQWIRQGDPHQWDOHPHQW� HQ� FRPSWH� VHV� FDUDFWpULVWLTXHV� HW� OLPLWHV� j� OD� IRLV� JpQpUDOHV� �FHOOHV� GH� O·rWUHKXPDLQ��HW�GLIIpUHQFLpHV��SUpGRPLQDQFHV�SHUVRQQHOOHV��

2Q�SRXUUD�DORUV�SDUOHU�G·DGDSWDWLRQ�HW�GH� SHUVRQQDOLVDWLRQ�GH� OD�IRUPDWLRQ��RQ�UHWURXYHLFL� OD� GpPDUFKH� TXDOLWp� WHOOH� TX·RQ� OD� FRQQDvW� HQ� SURGXFWLTXH�� PrPH� VL� OD� SURGXFWLRQ� HVW� LFLLPPDWpULHOOH��

8Q�GHV�PRGqOHV�FOHI�SRXYDQW�JXLGHU� OD� IRUPDOLVDWLRQ�GH� OD� FRQQDLVVDQFH� HW� OD� FRQFHSWLRQGHV� LQWHUIDFHV� +�0� HVW� OH� PRGqOH� KpPLVSKpULTXH� TXH� *�� 5DFOH� >5DFOH�� ��@� FDUDFWpULVH� GH� ODPDQLqUH�VXLYDQWH��

+pPLVSKqUH *DXFKH �+�*�� +pPLVSKqUH 'URLW �+�'��

9(5%$/ PRWV SRXU QRPPHU� GpFULUH� GpILQLU 121 9(5%$/ FRQVFLHQFH GHV FKRVHV VDQV FRQQH[LRQ

DYHF OHV PRWV

$1$/<7,48( GpFRXYHUWH pWDSH SDU pWDSH 6<17+(7,48( SULVH HQ FRPSWH GHV FKRVHV HQVHPEOH

6<0%2/,48( XWLOLVDWLRQ GH V\PEROHV GH UHPSODFHPHQW &21&5(7 pWDW SUpVHQW GHV FKRVHV

$%675$,7 LQIRUPDWLRQ H[WUDLWH SRXU UHSUpVHQWHU XQ WRXW $1$/2*,48( OLHQV PpWDSKRULTXHV

7(0325(/ RUJDQLVDWLRQ HW H[pFXWLRQ VpTXHQWLHOOHV $7(0325(/ SDV GH VHQV GX WHPSV

5$7,211(/ FRQFOXVLRQV WLUpHV GH IDLWV HW GH

UDLVRQQHPHQW

121 5$7,211(/ WHQGDQFH j QH SDV MXJHU

180(5,48( XWLOLVDWLRQ GHV QRPEUHV 63$7,$/ UHODWLRQV HQWUH pOpPHQWV IRUPDQW XQ WRXW

/2*,48( FRQFOXVLRQV DUJXPHQWpHV ,178,7,) LPSUHVVLRQ� VHQWLPHQWV� LPDJHV � SURJUHVVLRQV

SDU ERQGV

/,1($,5( LGpHV UHOLpHV � SHQVpH FRQYHUJHQWH */2%$/ SHUFHSWLRQ GHV HQVHPEOHV DVVRFLDQW GHV SDUWLHV

7DEOHDX ���� 0RGqOH KpPLVSKpULTXH GH *� 5DFOH�

&·HVW�FH�PRGqOH� >5DFOH����@�TXH�QRXV�DYRQV�XWLOLVp�ORUV�GH�OD�FRQFHSWLRQ�GHV�LQWHUIDFHV�GXGLGDFWLFLHO� LQGXVWULHO� &(&,/� HQ� SUHQDQW� SRXU� UqJOH� G·XWLOLVHU� GH�PDQLqUH� pTXLOLEUpH� FKDFXQ� GHVKpPLVSKqUHV�� &H� GLGDFWLFLHO� GpYHORSSp� SRXU� OH� JURXSH� /$)$5*(� �GRQW� LO� JDUGH� O·H[FOXVLYLWpG·XWLOLVDWLRQ�� HVW� XQ� V\VWqPH� LQIRUPDWLVp� GH� IRUPDWLRQ� j� OD� FRQGXLWH� G·XQLWpV� GH� FXLVVRQFLPHQWLqUH��,O�UHSUpVHQWH����KHXUHV�G·DSSUHQWLVVDJH��6RQ�VXFFqV�G·XVDJH�VXU�OHV�VLWHV�GH�SURGXFWLRQHQ�D�DPHQp� OD�GLIIXVLRQ�PRQGLDOH��DFWXHOOHPHQW��� ODQJXHV���2Q�WURXYHUD�FL�GHVVRXV�XQ�H[HPSOHG·pFUDQ��PDOKHXUHXVHPHQW�VDQV�OD�FRXOHXU�TXL�MRXH�Oj��XQ�U{OH�LPSRUWDQW��

Page 5: 7DEOHGHVPDWLqUHV˛ - docinsa.insa-lyon.frdocinsa.insa-lyon.fr/these/1996/akkouche/chap2.pdf · verbal musicien spirituel emotions contacts humains les emotions le raisonnement)ljxuh

&+$3,75( ,,� /·+200( $335(1$17

��

&RPPHQWDLUHV � ,O V·DJLW GH SUpVHQWHU OHV FRQVWLWXDQWV SULQFLSDX[ GH OD PDWLqUH SUHPLqUH �DSSHOpH © &UX ª�� j VDYRLU �

OH 6L2�� OH )H�2�� OH $O�2� HW OH &D&R� FH GHUQLHU GHYDQW WUqV UDSLGHPHQW VH GpFDUERQDWHU SRXU OLEpUHU OH &D2 VHXO

XWLOH GDQV OD WUDQVIRUPDWLRQ GH FOLQNpULVDWLRQ�

)LJXUH ���� ([HPSOH GpFUDQ XWLOLVDQW OH PRGqOH KpPLVSKpULTXH

,FL�OHV���SUHPLHUV�FRQVWLWXDQWV�VRQW�UHSUpVHQWpV�SDU�GHV�SHUVRQQDJHV�GH�IRUPHV��+�'���HW�GHFRXOHXUV� �+�'���GLIIpUHQWHV��8Q�WH[WH�H[SOLFDWLI� �+�*���HW�XQ� V\PEROH� ��6�)�$� �+�*���SHUPHW�GHUHSUpVHQWHU�� GpILQLU� HW� FRGLILHU� FKDFXQ� GHV� SHUVRQQDJHV� TXL� VHURQW� XWLOLVpV� DYHF� FHV� PrPHVFDUDFWpULVWLTXHV� WRXW� DX� ORQJ�GH� OD�SUpVHQWDWLRQ�GHV� WUDQVIRUPDWLRQV� FKLPLTXHV��8QH�PpWDSKRUHHVW� XWLOLVpH� SRXU� DQQRQFHU� OD� QpFHVVLWp� GH� GpFDUERQDWHU�� 6HXOV� �� LWHPV� FRJQLWLIV� VRQW� DSSDUXV� jO·pFUDQ��GH�IDLW�VXFFHVVLYHPHQW�DSUqV�DXWDQW�GH�FOLSV�PpWDPRUSKRVDQW�XQH�FRXFKH�GX�WDV�LQLWLDO�HQSHUVRQQDJH��

2Q�WURXYHUD�FL�DSUqV��O·pFUDQ�R��DSSDUDvW�OH��qPH�SHUVRQQDJH�HQ�UHSpUDQW�VXLYDQW�OD�PrPHDQDO\VH��O·pTXLOLEUH�KpPLVSKpULTXH�GH�OD�SUpVHQWDWLRQ�FRJQLWLYH�

)LJXUH ��� � ([HPSOH GpFUDQ XWLOLVDQW OH PRGqOH KpPLVSKpULTXH

Page 6: 7DEOHGHVPDWLqUHV˛ - docinsa.insa-lyon.frdocinsa.insa-lyon.fr/these/1996/akkouche/chap2.pdf · verbal musicien spirituel emotions contacts humains les emotions le raisonnement)ljxuh

&+$3,75( ,,� /·+200( $335(1$17

��

/·XWLOLVDWLRQ�G·XQ�WHO�PRGqOH�SHXW�FHSHQGDQW�VH�KHXUWHU�j�SOXVLHXUV�pFXHLOV��

∗ OD�QDWXUH�PrPH�GH�OD�FRQQDLVVDQFH�j�WUDQVPHWWUH��GRPDLQH�GLVFLSOLQDLUH��SHXW�VH�SUrWHUSOXV�RX�PRLQV�ELHQ�j�XQH�IRUPDOLVDWLRQ�j�OD�IRLV�GH�W\SH�YHUEDO�HW�QRQ�YHUEDO�

∗ QRWUH� V\VWqPH� pGXFDWLI� RFFLGHQWDO� WUqV� FDUWpVLHQ� HW� DFDGpPLTXH�� D� SULYLOpJLp� ODFRPPXQLFDWLRQ�YHUEDOH���VRPPHV�QRXV�WRXV�GHYHQXV�GHV�KDQGLFDSpV�GH�O·+�'��"���1RXV�DXWHXUV�?�IRUPDWHXUV��DYRQV�GHV�GLIILFXOWpV� j�IRUPDOLVHU�HW�UpRUJDQLVHU��FDU�F·HVW�ELHQGH�FHOD�GRQW�LO�V·DJLW��IRQGDPHQWDOHPHQW�HW�DXWUHPHQW�QRV�FRQQDLVVDQFHV�

∗ OD�SULVH�HQ�FRPSWH�GHV�SUpGRPLQDQFHV�LQGLYLGXHOOHV�SRXU�YpULWDEOHPHQW�SHUVRQQDOLVHU�OHVLQWHUIDFHV� LPSRVH� XQ� SDUDPqWUDJH� HW� XQH� YDULpWp� SpGDJRJLTXH� G·LWHPV� H[WUrPHPHQWFR�WHX[�

,,����/·+200(���$&7(85

/D�SUHPLqUH�FRQWULEXWLRQ�GX�PXOWLPpGLD��DX�VHQV�GHV�pYROXWLRQV�WHFKQRORJLTXHV�SUpFLWpHV��jOD� IRUPDWLRQ�HVW� VRQ�FDUDFWqUH� ,17(*5$7(85� ��SOXVLHXUV�FDQDX[� VRQW� VLPXOWDQpPHQW�XWLOLVpVSRXU�UHQIRUFHU�O·DSSUpKHQVLRQ��OD�FRPSUpKHQVLRQ�HW�O·DVVLPLODWLRQ�G·XQH�LQIRUPDWLRQ�

,O�D�pWp�H[SpULPHQWDOHPHQW�PRQWUp�TXH�O·rWUH�KXPDLQ��PR\HQ��UHWLHQW�

����GH�FH�TX·LO�OLW ����GH�FH�TX·LO�HQWHQG

����GH�FH�TX·LO�YRLW ����GH�FH�TX·LO�YRLW�HW�HQWHQG

����GH�FH�TX·LO�YRLW��HQWHQG�HW�OLW

0DLV�VL�RQ�SRXUVXLW�FHWWH�pWXGH��RQ�V·DSHUoRLW� TX·LO�UHWLHQW�����GH�FH�TX·LO�GLW������GH�FHTX·LO�GLW�HQ�OH�IDLVDQW��2Q�YRLW�DSSDUDvWUH�Oj�OH��qPH�DSSRUW�GX�PXOWLPpGLD�TXL�HVW�O· LQWHUDFWLYLWp�/·DSSUHQDQW�GRLW�IRQGDPHQWDOHPHQW�rWUH�O·DFWHXU�GH�VD�IRUPDWLRQ�

,O�SHXW�O·rWUH�j�GHX[�WLWUHV��

∗ O·DSSUHQDQW� SHXW� OXL�PrPH� GHPDQGHU� HW� GLULJHU� OH� GpURXOHPHQW� GH� SOXVLHXUV©�DSSOLFDWLRQV�ª���©�,O�GHYLHQW�DORUV�OH�PRQWHXU�RX�OH�VFpQDULVWH�GH�VRQ�SURSUH�VSHFWDFOH �ªHQ� DFFpGDQW� GH� PDQLqUH� OLEUH� j� GH� PXOWLSOHV� VRXUFHV� G·LQIRUPDWLRQ�� $� UHPDUTXHUFHSHQGDQW� TX·XQH� WURS� JUDQGH� OLEHUWp� G·DFFqV� Q·HVW� SDV� V\QRQ\PH� G·HIILFDFLWpSpGDJRJLTXH�HQ�WHUPH�G·DWWHLQWH�GHV�REMHFWLIV�GH�IRUPDWLRQ��j�FRQGLWLRQ�TXH�O·DSSUHQDQWDLW�PrPH�pWp�FDSDEOH�GH�OHV�H[SULPHU�FODLUHPHQW�

∗ OHV� LQWHUIDFHV� HW� OHV�PLVHV� HQ� VLWXDWLRQ� G·DSSUHQWLVVDJH� GRLYHQW� IRQGDPHQWDOHPHQW� rWUHFRQoXHV�SRXU�IDYRULVHU�FHWWH�LQWHUDFWLYLWp�VDQV�OD�OLPLWHU�DX�VHXO�FRQWU{OH�HW�pYDOXDWLRQ�GHOD�FRQQDLVVDQFH�DFTXLVH�

,OOXVWURQV� FH� SURSRV� SDU� TXHOTXHV� VLWXDWLRQV� TXH� QRXV� DYRQV� FRQoXHV� SRXU� OH� GLGDFWLFLHO&(&,/�GpMj�FLWp��

Page 7: 7DEOHGHVPDWLqUHV˛ - docinsa.insa-lyon.frdocinsa.insa-lyon.fr/these/1996/akkouche/chap2.pdf · verbal musicien spirituel emotions contacts humains les emotions le raisonnement)ljxuh

&+$3,75( ,,� /·+200( $335(1$17

��

&RPPHQWDLUH � ,O V·DJLW LFL G·DSSUHQGUH OD VWUXFWXUH GX SUpFKDXIIHXU DPRQW� HQVHPEOH GH F\FORQHV LQWHUFRQQHFWpV R�

V·HIIHFWXHQW OHV pFKDQJHV WKHUPLTXHV HQWUH OD PDWLqUH FUXH EUR\pH HW OHV JD] FKDXGV VRUWDQW GX IRXU� /·DSSUHQDQW� SDU

OH MHX GHV HVVDLV � HUUHXUV� GRLW SURFpGHU j OD FRQVWUXFWLRQ GH O·XQLWp LQGXVWULHOOH VRXV IRUPH G·XQ SX]]OH � LO FKRLVLW GHV

SLqFHV GDQV XQ YUDF HW OHV SRUWH �j O·DLGH GH OD VRXULV� j O·HPSODFHPHQW VXSSRVp� 8Q VLPSOH FOLF VXU XQH SLqFH

SRVLWLRQQpH VXIILW j OD UHPHWWUH GDQV OH YUDF�

)LJXUH ���� ([HPSOH G·LQWHUDFWLYLWp � UHFRQVWLWXWLRQ G·XQH VWUXFWXUH

&RPPHQWDLUH � &H © EDQGLW PDQFKRW ª UHSUpVHQWH XQ HQYLURQQHPHQW �VLPSOH� SRXU DSSUHQGUH j GLDJQRVWLTXHU OHV

G\VIRQFWLRQQHPHQWV GH O·pFKDQJHXU j JULOOHV DYDO� OLHX GH O·pFKDQJH WKHUPLTXH HQWUH OHV JUDQXOHV GH FOLQNHU VRUWDQW GX

IRXU HW O·DLU GH UHIURLGLVVHPHQW �TXL YD GHYHQLU HQ SDUWLH FHOXL GH FRPEXVWLRQ�� /·DFWLRQ GH O·DSSUHQDQW VXU OH OHYLHU

�VLPXOp SDU XQ FOLF VRXULV� GpFOHQFKH OH WLUDJH G·XQH VLWXDWLRQ LQFLGHQWLHOOH HW XQ DIILFKDJH GH FRXUEHV FDUDFWpULVWLTXHV

FRUUHVSRQGDQWHV �pYROXWLRQ GH SDUDPqWUHV VHQVLEOHV HQ IRQFWLRQ GX WHPSV�� /·DSSUHQDQW GRLW FRPPXQLTXHU VRQ

GLDJQRVWLF HQ FOLTXDQW VXU XQH VLWXDWLRQ GH JDXFKH� /H VFRUH HVW LQGLTXp VXU OD SDUWLH VXSpULHXUH GX © MHX ª�

)LJXUH ���� ([HPSOH G·LQWHUDFWLYLWp � GLDJQRVWLF G·LQFLGHQWV

Page 8: 7DEOHGHVPDWLqUHV˛ - docinsa.insa-lyon.frdocinsa.insa-lyon.fr/these/1996/akkouche/chap2.pdf · verbal musicien spirituel emotions contacts humains les emotions le raisonnement)ljxuh

&+$3,75( ,,� /·+200( $335(1$17

��

&RPPHQWDLUH � 'DQV FH FDV SDUWLFXOLHU OH EXW HVW G·DSSUHQGUH j UHFRQQDvWUH XQH VLWXDWLRQ G·LQFLGHQW VXU O·XQLWp GH

FXLVVRQ� $ OD GLIIpUHQFH GX FDV SUpFpGHQW� FHV LQFLGHQWV QH VRQW SDV GXV j GHV SDQQHV GH VWUXFWXUH �SURYRTXDQW GHV

UXSWXUHV GH IRQFWLRQQHPHQW� PDLV GH PDXYDLV UpJODJHV GHV HIIHFWHXUV� ,O Q·HQ GHPHXUH SDV PRLQV TXH OHV GHX[

HQYLURQQHPHQWV SpGDJRJLTXHPHQW VRQW LQWHUFKDQJHDEOHV� /·DSSUHQDQW YD LFL UHWRXUQHU XQH j XQH GHV FDUWHV j MRXHU

SRXU GpFRXYULU XQH LQIRUPDWLRQ QRXYHOOH �VRXV OD IRUPH GH O·pYROXWLRQ G·XQ SDUDPqWUH GH FRQGXLWH HQ IRQFWLRQ GX

WHPSV� � $ FKDTXH IRLV �VLWXDWLRQV SpGDJRJLTXHV VXFFHVVLYHV GH � j �� FRUUHVSRQGDQW j FKDFXQH GHV � FDUWHV� LO GRLW

LQGLTXHU OHV VLWXDWLRQV FRPSDWLEOHV RX QRQ DYHF OD QRXYHOOH pYROXWLRQ GX SDUDPqWUH SURSRVp� $ OD ILQ GX © MHX ª� LO

pPHW VRQ GLDJQRVWLF ILQDO�

)LJXUH ���� ([HPSOH G·LQWHUDFWLYLWp � GLDJQRVWLF GH G\VIRQFWLRQQHPHQW

,,����/·+200(���(027,211(/

$X�GHOj�GH�O·LQWHUDFWLYLWp�QpFHVVDLUH�j�O·DFWH�SpGDJRJLTXH�� OHV�H[HPSOHV�SUpFpGHQWV�PHWWHQWGpMj�HQ�YDOHXU�O·LPSRUWDQFH�GH� O·HQYLURQQHPHQW�G·DSSUHQWLVVDJH��LFL�HQYLURQQHPHQWV�OXGLTXHV�DILQ�TXH�O·DSSUHQDQW�VH�VHQWH�FRQFHUQp��LPSOLTXp�SDU�OD�VLWXDWLRQ�SURSRVpH�

*�� 5DFOH� >5DFOH�� ��@� DIILUPH� TXH� WRXW� DFWH� G·DSSUHQWLVVDJH� © �V·LQVFULW� GDQV� XQH� VWUXFWXUHpPRWLRQQHOOH���FRJQLWLYH�TXL�FRUUHVSRQG�DX[�PRGDOLWpV�QRUPDOHV�GX�IRQFWLRQQHPHQW�FpUpEUDO�&·HVW�Oj�TXH�VH�WURXYH�OH�VXFFqV�SpGDJRJLTXH� �ª

'H� IDLW�� OH� FRQWH[WH� G·DSSUHQWLVVDJH�� YpULWDEOH� KDELOODJH� SpGDJRJLTXH�� GRLW� PHWWUHO·DSSUHQDQW� GDQV� XQH� VLWXDWLRQ� R�� LO� RXEOLH� O·DFWH� G·DSSUHQGUH� SRXU� V·LQWpUHVVHU�� YRLUH� VHSDVVLRQQHU�� j� FH�TX·LO� HVW� HQ� WUDLQ� GH� IDLUH�� ,O� HQ� UpVXOWH� �>0XFFKLHOOL�� ��@�� XQ� DFFURLVVHPHQW� GXSRWHQWLHO� LQWHOOHFWXHO� �PHLOOHXUH� UpFHSWLYLWp��� XQH� PRWLYDWLRQ� LQWULQVqTXH�� XQH� PHLOOHXUHPpPRULVDWLRQ��XQH�FRQILDQFH�HQ�VRL� ���� IDYRULVDQW�GH�PDQLqUH� LUUHPSODoDEOH� O· DSSURSULDWLRQ�GHVFRQQDLVVDQFHV�SDU�O·DSSUHQDQW�

1RXV� HQWURQV� Oj� GH� SODLQ� SLHG� GDQV� OHV� PpWKRGHV� SpGDJRJLTXHV� DFWLYHV� TXL� VH� VRQWGpYHORSSpHV� HQ� VFLHQFHV� KXPDLQHV� GHSXLV� GH� QRPEUHXVHV� DQQpHV� HW� TXL� WURXYHQW�� JUkFH� jO·DYqQHPHQW� GHV� QRXYHOOHV� WHFKQRORJLHV�� XQ� WHUUDLQ� G·DSSOLFDWLRQ� IRQGDPHQWDO�� pFODLUDQW� HWHQULFKLVVDQW�QRWUH�GpPDUFKH�GH�FRPPXQLFDWLRQ�HW�GLIIXVLRQ�GHV�FRQQDLVVDQFHV�

&H�FDUDFWqUH�©�pPRWLRQQHO�ª�SURSUH�j�FKDFXQ�G·HQWUH�QRXV�HW�TXL�JXLGH�ELHQ�VRXYHQW�QRWUHFRPSRUWHPHQW�� HVW� LQWpJUDEOH� DX� PRGqOH� © �KpPLVSKpULTXH�ª� SURSRVp� SUpFpGHPPHQW� HQGpFRPSRVDQW� OHV� DFWLYLWpV� FRUWLFDOHV� �UDLVRQQHPHQW�� HW� OLPELTXHV� �pPRWLRQV�� GX� FHUYHDX�DSSURFKH� WUDGLWLRQQHOOH� HQ� VFLHQFHV� KXPDLQHV��� 1RXV� REWHQRQV� DLQVL� OH� FpOqEUH� PRGqOH� GHV

SUpIpUHQFHV�FpUpEUDOHV�GH�1HG�+(50$11� [Hermann, 82] �

Page 9: 7DEOHGHVPDWLqUHV˛ - docinsa.insa-lyon.frdocinsa.insa-lyon.fr/these/1996/akkouche/chap2.pdf · verbal musicien spirituel emotions contacts humains les emotions le raisonnement)ljxuh

&+$3,75( ,,� /·+200( $335(1$17

��

AC o rtic a l g a u c h e

DC o rtic a l d ro it

L im b iq u e g a u c h e

BL im b iq u e d ro it

C

R é so lu tio nd e p ro b lè m eM a th é m a tiq u eT e ch n iq u eA n a lyseL o g iqu e

C o n trô leP la n ifica tio nO rg a n isa tio nC o n se rva te u rA d m in is tra tio n

G lo b a lA rtis tiq u eIm a g in a tif

S yn th é tiq u eC o n ce p tu e l

V e rb a lM u s ic ie nS p ir itu e l

E m o tio n sC o n ta c ts h u m a in s

L E S E M O T IO N S

L E R A IS O N N E M E N T

)LJXUH ���� 0RGqOH GH 1HG +(50$11

&KDFXQ�GH� FHV� TXDGUDQWV� UHIOqWH� XQ� VW\OH� GH� SHQVpH� GLIIpUHQW�� ,O� SHXW� rWUH� TXDQWLILp� SRXUFKDFXQ� GH� QRXV� HW� SRXU� FKDTXH� TXDGUDQW� SDU� GHV� QLYHDX[� �GH� �� j� ���� 1RWUH� VW\OH� GH� WUDYDLO�G·DSSUHQWLVVDJH� HW� GH� FUpDWLYLWp� HVW� DLQVL� FDUDFWpULVp� SDU� XQ� SRO\JRQH�PRGqOH� TXL� QRXV� HVWSHUVRQQHO��&HUWDLQV�GH�FHV�© �SURILOV�ª� VRQW�SOXV� IUpTXHQWV�TXH�G·DXWUHV� �'��&+$/9,1� >&KDOYLQ���@�HQ�UpSHUWRULH���PDMHXUV��

/·H[SORLWDWLRQ�G·XQ�WHO�PRGqOH�SRXU�SHUVRQQDOLVHU�O·DSSUHQWLVVDJH��QpFHVVLWH�XQ�SDUDPqWUDJHGX�V\VWqPH�pGXFDWLI��FR�WHX[���$�GpIDXW��LO�HVW�LPSRUWDQW�GDQV�XQ�HQYLURQQHPHQW�G·DSSUHQWLVVDJHGH�FRQVHUYHU�XQ�pTXLOLEUH�HQWUH�FHV�FRPSRVDQWHV�

'DQV� OH� FKDSLWUH� ,,,�� QRXV� DERUGHURQV� HQ� GpWDLO� OHV� HQYLURQQHPHQWV� IDYRULVDQW� O·DVSHFWpPRWLRQ�GDQV�O·DSSUHQWLVVDJH�

,,����/·+200(�&211$,66$17

/H�PRGqOH�GX�SURFHVVHXU�GH�&DUG�HW�DO��>%R\����@��FI��ILJ�������GpFULW�OH�IRQFWLRQQHPHQW�GXFHUYHDX� KXPDLQ�� R�� DSSDUDLVVHQW� PpPRLUH� HW� SURFHVVHXU�� H[DFWHPHQW� FRPPH� SRXU� OHVRUGLQDWHXUV��6HORQ�FH�PRGqOH��O·LQGLYLGX�HVW�FRPSRVp�GH�WURLV�V\VWqPHV�LQWHUGpSHQGDQWV ��

• OH�V\VWqPH�VHQVRULHO�

• OH�V\VWqPH�PRWHXU�

• OH�V\VWqPH�FRJQLWLI�

FDUDFWpULVpV�SDU�OHV�SDUDPqWUHV�GRQQpV�GDQV�OD�ILJXUH������&H�PRGqOH�V·LQWpUHVVH�VXUWRXW�DX[DVSHFWV� WHPSRUHOV� GH� O·LQWHUDFWLRQ� SRXU� FRPSUHQGUH� HW� SUpYRLU� OHV� SHUIRUPDQFHV� GX� V\VWqPHKRPPH���PDFKLQH�

&KDFXQ�GH�FHV�V\VWqPHV�GLVSRVH�G·XQH�PpPRLUH�HW�G·XQ�PpFDQLVPH�GH�WUDLWHPHQW�

Page 10: 7DEOHGHVPDWLqUHV˛ - docinsa.insa-lyon.frdocinsa.insa-lyon.fr/these/1996/akkouche/chap2.pdf · verbal musicien spirituel emotions contacts humains les emotions le raisonnement)ljxuh

&+$3,75( ,,� /·+200( $335(1$17

��

Mémoire à long terme

Mémoire à court terme

Visuel Auditif

processeur perceptif

Processeurcognitif

Processeurmoteur

Durée de vie infinieCapacité infinie

codage sémantique

Durée de vie 7 seondesCapacité de 3 à 7 items

Codage auditif ou visuel

Durée de vie 200 msCapacité 17 lettresCodage physique

Durée de vie 1500 msCapacité 5 lettresCodage physique

Temps de cycle 100 ms

Temps de cycle70 ms

Temps de cycle70 ms

)LJXUH ���� 0RGqOH GX SURFHVVHXU KXPDLQ

/H�V\VWqPH�VHQVRULHO�HVW�VSpFLDOLVp�GDQV�OH� WUDLWHPHQW�GH�QRV�VHQV��/D�FDSDFLWp�GX�V\VWqPHYLVXHO� HVW� SDU� H[HPSOH� GH� ��� V\PEROHV�� VD� SHUVLVWDQFH� HVW� GH� ����PV� HW� OH� WHPSV� GX� F\FOH� GXSURFHVVHXU� YLVXHO� HVW� GH� ���� PV�� $LQVL�� SRXU� FUpHU� GHV� LPDJHV� DQLPpHV�� LO� HVW� QpFHVVDLUH� GHSURGXLUH�DX�PRLQV����LPDJHV�SDU�VHFRQGHV�

/H� V\VWqPH� PRWHXU� V·RFFXSH� GHV� PRXYHPHQWV�� /H� PRXYHPHQW� GH� OD� PDLQ� SHUPHW� XQGpSODFHPHQW�j�XQH�YLWHVVH�GH�����P�V��/D�ORL�GH�)LWWV�SUpFLVH�TXH�OH�WHPSV�QpFHVVDLUH�SRXU�SODFHUOD�PDLQ�VXU�XQH�FLEOH�GpSHQG�GH�OD�SRVLWLRQ�UHTXLVH��F·HVW�j�GLUH�GX�UDSSRUW�HQWUH�OD�GLVWDQFH�HW�ODGLPHQVLRQ�GH�OD�FLEOH��'RQF�DWWHQWLRQ�j�OD�WDLOOH�GHV�LF{QHV ��

/H�V\VWqPH�FRJQLWLI�HQILQ��GpQRPPp�DXVVL��V\VWqPH�PHQWDO!��FRQWU{OH�OH�FRPSRUWHPHQWGH� O·LQGLYLGX�� HQ� IRQFWLRQ� GH� VHV� FRQQDLVVDQFHV�� F·HVW� j� GLUH� OH� FRQWHQX� GH� OD� PpPRLUH� j� ORQJWHUPH��HW�GHV�LQIRUPDWLRQV�HQ�FRXUV�GH�PDQLSXODWLRQ��F·HVW�j�GLUH�OD�PpPRLUH�j�FRXUW�WHUPH�

/D�PpPRLUH� HVW� FDUDFWpULVpH�SDU� VD� FDSDFLWp� j� VWRFNHU� HW� j� UHVWLWXHU� DX�PRPHQW� XWLOH� XQHLQIRUPDWLRQ�� PDLV� DXVVL� SDU� OH� W\SH� G·LQIRUPDWLRQ� HW� SDU� OD� SHUVLVWDQFH� GH� O·LQIRUPDWLRQPpPRULVpH��F·HVW�j�GLUH�OH�WHPSV�SHQGDQW�OHTXHO�FHWWH�LQIRUPDWLRQ�YD�rWUH�VWRFNpH�

/D�PpPRLUH�j�ORQJ�WHUPH�FRQWLHQW�OHV�LQIRUPDWLRQV�GH�PDVVH�GH�O·LQGLYLGX��TXH�FH�VRLW�HQWHUPHV� GH� SURFpGXUHV� RX� GH� GRQQpHV�� (OOH� SHXW� rWUH� OXH� HW� PRGLILpH�� /·LQWpJUDWLRQ� GH©�FRQQDLVVDQFHV�ª� GDQV� OD� PpPRLUH� j� ORQJ� WHUPH� VHUD� IDYRULVpH� SDU� OD� UpSpWLWLRQ�� O·DFWLRQ� HWFRQWH[WH�G·DSSUHQWLVVDJH��PRWLYDWLRQ��

/D� PpPRLUH� j� FRXUW� WHUPH� FRQWLHQW� OHV� LQIRUPDWLRQV� HQ� FRXUV� GH� PDQLSXODWLRQ�� HQSURYHQDQFH�VRLW�GHV�PpPRLUHV�GHV�GLYHUV�V\VWqPHV�VHQVRULHOV���OD�PpPRLUH�YLVXHOOH�SDU�H[HPSOH���VRLW�GH�OD�PpPRLUH�j�ORQJ�WHUPH�

(OOH�D�XQH�FDSDFLWp�WUqV�OLPLWpH���VHSW�LWHPV��SOXV�RX�PRLQV�GHX[���>%R\����@��D�FRQWUDULR�GHOD�PpPRLUH�j�ORQJ�WHUPH�TXL�D�XQH�FDSDFLWp�TXDVL�LQILQLH��6RQ�WHPSV�GH�SHUVLVWDQFH�HVW�GH���j����VHFRQGHV��WDQGLV�TX·LO�HVW�LOOLPLWp�DYHF�OD�PpPRLUH�j�ORQJ�WHUPH�

/H�SURFHVVHXU�GX�V\VWqPH�FRJQLWLI�IRQFWLRQQH�VXLYDQW�OH�PRGqOH�UHFRQQDLVVDQFH���DFWLRQ ��

/RUV�GH�OD�SKDVH�GH�UHFRQQDLVVDQFH��OH�SURFHVVHXU�UHFKHUFKH�GDQV�OD�PpPRLUH�j�ORQJ�WHUPHOHV� DFWLRQV� OLpHV� DX[� LQIRUPDWLRQV� FRQWHQXHV� GDQV� OD�PpPRLUH� j� FRXUW� WHUPH�� DOLPHQWpH� SDU� OHV\VWqPH�VHQVRULHO�

Page 11: 7DEOHGHVPDWLqUHV˛ - docinsa.insa-lyon.frdocinsa.insa-lyon.fr/these/1996/akkouche/chap2.pdf · verbal musicien spirituel emotions contacts humains les emotions le raisonnement)ljxuh

&+$3,75( ,,� /·+200( $335(1$17

��

3HQGDQW� OD� SKDVH� G·DFWLRQ�� OH� SURFHVVHXU� H[pFXWH� FHV� DFWLRQV� SURYRTXDQW� DLQVL� XQHPRGLILFDWLRQ�GH�OD�PpPRLUH�j�FRXUW�WHUPH��/H�F\FOH�GH�EDVH�GX�SURFHVVHXU�FRJQLWLI�HVW�LGHQWLTXHDX[�DXWUHV�SURFHVVHXUV�j�VDYRLU ������PV�

,,����/·+200(���63$7,$/

,,������1RWLRQ�GH�GLVWDQFH

/·KRPPH� D� EHVRLQ� G·DSSUHQGUH� SRXU� HQULFKLU� VD� FRQQDLVVDQFH� HW� VRQ� DSWLWXGH� jPDvWULVHU�GHV�RXWLOV�H[LVWDQWV�RX�j�HQ�FRQFHYRLU�GH�QRXYHDX[�

2U� LO� SHXW� VH� WURXYHU� GDQV� O·LPSRVVLELOLWp� GH� VH� GpSODFHU� YHUV� XQ� VLWH� GH� IRUPDWLRQ�DSSUHQDQW�LVROp��SRXU�GHV�UDLVRQV��

• FOLPDWLTXHV��SD\V�VFDQGLQDYHV��&DQDGD��UpJLRQV�PRQWDJQHXVVHV������

• SURIHVVLRQQHOOHV��LPSRVVLELOLWp�GH�TXLWWHU�VRQ�OLHX�GH�WUDYDLO�

• pFRQRPLTXHV� �FR�WV�GH�GpSODFHPHQWV� ORLQWDLQV�HW� IUpTXHQWV�SRXU�XQ�JUQDG�QRPEUH�GHSHUVRQQHV�

• PpGLFDOHV��PDODGHV�j�GRPLFLOH��KRVSLWDOLVpV�������

0DLV� LO� SHXW� pJDOHPHQW� rWUH� DPHQp� j� VH� GpSODFHU� IUpTXHPPHQW� SRXU�PHQHU� VHV� DFWLYLWpV�DSSUHQDQW�QRPDGH���/H�EHVRLQ�GH�IRUPDWLRQ�TXDVL� LQVWDQWDQp� �FI�� ,����������GHV�FRPPHUFLDX[+�3��HVW�XQ�H[HPSOH�UpYpODWHXU�GH�FH�W\SH�GH�VLWXDWLRQ�

'DQV� WRXV� OHV� FDV�� LO� IDXW� GRQF� GRQQHU� j� O·KRPPH� OD� SRVVLELOLWp� GH� V·LQIRUPHU� HW� GH� VHIRUPHU�� TXHO� TXH� VRLW� O·HQGURLW� R�� LO� VH� WURXYH�� &·HVW� OH� SULQFLSH� PrPH� GH� O·(QVHLJQHPHQW� $'LVWDQFH��(�$�'���

/·(�$�'��HVW�DLQVL�GHYHQX��j�O·KHXUH�DFWXHOOH��XQ�YpULWDEOH�HQMHX�pFRQRPLTXH ���SOXV�GH�����pFROHV�SURSRVHQW�GHV�FRXUV�RX�V\VWqPHV�G·HQVHLJQHPHQW�j�GLVWDQFH�SRXU�WRXV��HW�j�WLWUH�G·H[HPSOH�OD� FRPSDJQLH� 3DFLILF� %HOO� LQYHVWLW� ����PLOOLRQV� GH� GROODUV� GDQV� VRQ� SODQ� GH� UDFFRUGHPHQW� GHVpFROHV�FDOLIRUQLHQQHV�(GXFDWLRQ�)LUVW �������pFROHV�GpMj�UDFFRUGpHV�������GDQV���DQV�GDQV�OD�VHXOHUpJLRQ�GH�6DQ�'LHJR�

,,������6LWXDWLRQ�KRPPH�DSSUHQDQW���V\VWqPHV�G·DSSUHQWLVVDJH

/H� GpYHORSSHPHQW� GHV� QRXYHOOHV� WHFKQRORJLHV� D� SUpFLSLWp� XQH� YpULWDEOH� PXWDWLRQ� GXV\VWqPH�PrPH�GH�IRUPDWLRQ��(Q�HIIHW��DXWUHIRLV�OH�IRUPDWHXU��DSSHOp�SURIHVVHXU��pWDLW�FRQVLGpUpFRPPH� OH� VHXO� GpWHQWHXU� G·XQH� FRQQDLVVDQFH� ELHQ� LGHQWLILpH�� /HV� DSSUHQDQWV� GHYDLHQW� IDLUHO·HIIRUW�G·pFRXWHU� �HW� GH� FRPSUHQGUH�TXDQG� LOV� OH�SRXYDLHQW�� XQ� GLVFRXUV�XQLTXH�� SDU�SULQFLSHQRQ�UHPLV�HQ�FDXVH��/·pOqYH�pWDLW�OH� GLVFLSOH�HW�OH�IRUPDWHXU�OH�&(175(�GX�V\VWqPH�SpGDJRJLTXH�8Q�WHO�V\VWqPH�SRXYDLW�V·DYpUHU�WUqV�pOLWLVWH��HW�EHDXFRXS�G·pOqYHV�QRQ�SUpSDUpV��QRQ�LQLWLpV�RX�QRQDGDSWpV�j�XQH�SpGDJRJLH� LPSRVpH��QH� WLUDLHQWW�TXH�SHX�GH�SURILW� VL� FH�Q·HVW� DX�SUL[�G·XQ� WUDYDLOSHUVRQQHO� WUqV� LPSRUWDQW� �FRQVXOWDWLRQV� G·RXYUDJHV� GH� UpIpUHQFH�� WHQWDWLYHV� G·H[SpULPHQWDWLRQGDQV�OH�FDV�VFLHQWLILTXH������

/·DYqQHPHQW�GH�O·DXGLRYLVXHO��PXOWLSOLDQW�OHV�FDQDX[�GH�FRPPXQLFDWLRQ��HW�OHV�HIIRUWV�IDLWVSRXU� GpYHORSSHU� GHV� SpGDJRJLHV� DGDSWpHV� �OH� SOXV� VRXYHQW� VHORQ� XQH� GpPDUFKH� HPSLULTXHSHUVRQQHOOH��RQW�GpVDFUDOLVp�OH�U{OH�GX�SURIHVVHXU�HQ�SURORQJHDQW�VRQ�WHUULWRLUH�j�XQ�HQVHPEOHGH�VXSSRUWV�GRQW�LO�HVW�O·RUGRQQDQFHXU��,O�Q·HVW�SOXV���HQ�WDQW�TXH�SHUVRQQH���O·XQLTXH�GpSRVLWDLUHG·XQ�VDYRLU��PDLV�LO�FRQWLQXH� VHXO�GH�OH�FRQWU{OHU��/HV�DSSUHQDQWV���pOqYHV�GRLYHQW�WRXMRXUV�IDLUHO·HIIRUW� �PrPH� VL� OH� FKHPLQ� HVW� PRLQV� HVFDUSp�� G·DOOHU� YHUV� FH� VDYRLU� �VSDWLDOHPHQW� HWLQWHOOHFWXHOOHPHQW��

Page 12: 7DEOHGHVPDWLqUHV˛ - docinsa.insa-lyon.frdocinsa.insa-lyon.fr/these/1996/akkouche/chap2.pdf · verbal musicien spirituel emotions contacts humains les emotions le raisonnement)ljxuh

&+$3,75( ,,� /·+200( $335(1$17

��

/·pYROXWLRQ�SpGDJRJLTXH�SOXV�UpFHQWH��HW�ORLQ�G·rWUH�HQFRUH�XQLIRUPpPHQW�SUDWLTXpH�GDQVQRWUH�HQVHLJQHPHQW�VXSpULHXU��YHUV�OH� 352-(7��D�GpILQLWLYHPHQW�FDVVp�OH�PRQRSROH�GX�IRUPDWHXUFRQQDLVVDQW��&·HVW�GpVRUPDLV� O·DSSUHQDQW� �RX�SOXW{W�GDQV�FH�FDV� OH�JURXSH�G·DSSUHQDQWV��TXL� HVWHQILQ�DFWHXU�GH�VD�IRUPDWLRQ��TXL�GpFRXYUH�OD�FRQQDLVVDQFH��GDQV�XQ�FRQWH[WH�GH�WUDYDLO��HW�TXL�VHO·DSSURSULH�� ,O� \� D� G·RUHV� HW� GpMj� FRQVWUXFWLRQ� SHUVRQQDOLVpH� G·XQH� FRQQDLVVDQFH�� /H� V\VWqPHG·DSSUHQWLVVDJH�PrPH�SUHQG�GH�SOXV�HQ�SOXV�G·LPSRUWDQFH�

3OXV�UpFHPPHQW��HW�SDUDOOqOHPHQW��OH�GpYHORSSHPHQW�HW�OD�PDvWULVH�GH�O·RXWLO�LQIRUPDWLTXHRQW� FRQGXLW� j� O·DSSDULWLRQ� GH� GLGDFWLFLHOV�� GHV� V\VWqPHV� WXWRUpV� HW� GHV� HQYLURQQHPHQWVG·DSSUHQWLVVDJH��,O�V·DJLW�G·XQH�YpULWDEOH�UpYROXWLRQ�FXOWXUHOOH ��� O·DSSUHQDQW�Q·D�SOXV�EHVRLQ�G·DOOHU�SK\VLTXHPHQW��YHUV�XQ�VDYRLU��F·HVW� OH�VDYRLU�TXL�V·HVW�GpSODFp�YHUV�OXL��&HUWHV�VRXV�XQH�IRUPH©�IURLGH�ª��LPSHUVRQQHOOH��UpSpWLWLYH� �ILJpH��PDLV�LO�SHXW�GLVSRVHU�GX�V\VWqPH�GH�IRUPDWLRQ�TXDQG�LOOH�YHXW��R��LO�OH�YHXW��/H�FHQWUH�G·LQWpUrW�V·HVW�UDGLFDOHPHQW�HW�GpILQLWLYHPHQW�GpSODFp�YHUV�OHV\VWqPH�G·DSSUHQWLVVDJH�

1RXV�YLYRQV�PDLQWHQDQW� OD�GHUQLqUH�SKDVH�GH�FHWWH�PXWDWLRQ�DYHF� OH�GpYHORSSHPHQW�GHO·HQVHLJQHPHQW�j�GLVWDQFH��&·HVW� OH� VDYRLU� �� FRQVWDPPHQW� HQ�PRXYHPHQW�� WUDQVIRUPp�� DFWXDOLVp�HQULFKL���TXL�YD�YHUV�O·DSSUHQDQW��HW�TXL�OXL�HVW�UHQGX� j�WRXW�PRPHQW�HW�HQ�WRXW�OLHX�DFFHVVLEOH�,O� SHXW� GpFLGHU� GH� VRQ� FXUVXV�� LO� SHXW� LQVWDQWDQpPHQW� UpSRQGUH� j� WRXW� QRXYHDX� EHVRLQG·LQIRUPDWLRQ��GH�IRUPDWLRQ��/H�IRUPDWHXU�UpDSSDUDvW��UpKXPDQLVH�OD�IRUPDWLRQ��j�O·DXWUH�ERXW�GHOD�FKDvQH�GDQV�XQ�U{OH�GH� UpJXODWHXU��GH�FRQVHLOOHU��GH�UHVVRXUFH�GLVSRQLEOH��FRPPH�XQH�DXWUH��/H�FHQWUH�G·LQWpUrW�HVW�ELHQ�GpVRUPDLV�O·DSSUHQDQW�OXL�PrPH��

S eu l d éten teurd e l’ in fo rm ation

d o iven t fa irel’e ffo rt d e co m prend re un d isco urs un iqu e

C E N T R E=

F orm a teu r

A u tre fo isC E N T R E

=S ystèm e

d ’ap p ren tissa ge

S ystèm e tu to ré

D id actic ie ls

E nv iron nem en td ’app ren tissag e

I l y a p eu

A ctu e llem en tC E N T R E

=A P P R E N A N T

)LJXUH ���� (YROXWLRQ GX FHQWUH G·LQWpUrW

'H�IDLW�VL�O·RQ�\�UHJDUGH�GH�SUqV��OH�FRQFHSW�G·HQVHLJQHPHQW�j�GLVWDQFH�HVW�EHDXFRXS�SOXVDQFLHQ� TX·LO� QH� SDUDvW�� VRQ� GpQRPLQDWHXU� FRPPXQ� pWDQW� TX·LO� IDLW� DSSHO� j� GHV� PR\HQV� GHFRPPXQLFDWLRQ� VSpFLILTXHV� j� FKDTXH� VLWXDWLRQ�� $LQVL�� OH� VFKpPD� G·HQVHLJQHPHQW� SDUFRUUHVSRQGDQFH� H[LVWH� GHSXLV� GHV� OXVWUHV�� /·HQVHLJQHPHQW� j� GLVWDQFH� �(�$�'��� XWLOLVDQW� ODYLVLRFRQIpUHQFH� �YLD� VDWHOOLWH� RX� UpVHDX�� >5R\�� DO��� ��@ � HVW� SOXV� DFWXHO��'DQV� FKDTXH� FDV� QRXVFRQVLGpURQV� XQH� FRPPXQLFDWLRQ� LQWHUSHUVRQQHOOH� �SURIHVVHXU� DYHF� O·pOqYH�� WUDQVPLVH� YLD� XQVXSSRUW�HW�YpKLFXODQW�GHV�pOpPHQWV�GH�IRUPDWLRQ�>3UpY{W����@�

/·(�$�'�� PXOWLPpGLD� SHUPHW� VXUWRXW� XQH� LQWHUDFWLYLWp� PXOWLVHQVRULHOOH�� 3RXU� TX·HOOH� VRLWHIILFDFH� �DSSURSULDWLRQ� GHV� FRQQDLVVDQFHV��� LO� IDXW� TX·HOOH� SHUPHWWH� O·DFWLRQ� HW� OD� PRWLYDWLRQ� �pPRWLRQ�� HQ� SOXV� GX� UpWDEOLVVHPHQW� GH� OD� GLPHQVLRQ� KXPDLQH� SDU� OH� WUDYDLO� GH� JURXSH�� &HWWHDVVRFLDWLRQ� GX� PXOWLPpGLD� HW� GX� FRRSpUDWLI� QH� SHXW� TXH� SHUPHWWUH� XQH� pPXODWLRQ� �� XQH

Page 13: 7DEOHGHVPDWLqUHV˛ - docinsa.insa-lyon.frdocinsa.insa-lyon.fr/these/1996/akkouche/chap2.pdf · verbal musicien spirituel emotions contacts humains les emotions le raisonnement)ljxuh

&+$3,75( ,,� /·+200( $335(1$17

��

FRPSOpPHQWDULWp�GH�FRPSpWHQFH��XQ�HQULFKLVVHPHQW�PXWXHO�SDU�OD�FRPSpWLWLRQ�RX�O·HQWUDLGH�DLQVLTXH�OD�SULVH�GH�GpFLVLRQ�FROOHFWLYH�JUkFH ��

• j�O·LQWHUDFWLYLWp��pFKDQJHV�DSSUHQDQW��DSSUHQDQW���IRUPDWHXU�

• DX�PDLQWLHQ�GH�O·DSSUHQDQW�GDQV�VRQ�HQYLURQQHPHQW�QDWXUHO

• j�OD�SHUVRQQDOLVDWLRQ�GH�OD�IRUPDWLRQ

• DX� FRQWU{OH� FRQWLQX� GH� OD� WUDMHFWRLUH� GH� FKDTXH� DSSUHQDQW� YHUV� OHV� REMHFWLIVSpGDJRJLTXHV

• j�OD�UpDFWXOLVDWLRQ�SHUPDQHQWH�GHV�VDYRLUV��GHV�SpGDJRJLHV�HW�GHV�SURGXLWV

• j� OD� FRQQDLVVDQFH� HQ� WHPSV� UpHO� GHV� FRPSRUWHPHQWV� �ODFXQHV�� GLIILFXOWpV������ HW� GHVSHUIRUPDQFHV��PHVXUH�GH�TXDOLWp�

• j� O·XWLOLVDWLRQ� G·XQH� FRPPXQLFDWLRQ� PXOWLPpGLD� HW� PXOWL� VHQVRULHOOH� �YLGpR�� VRQ�DQLPDWLRQ����

• j�OD�GpPRFUDWLVDWLRQ��YXOJDULVDWLRQ����FRQQDLVVDQFH�DFFHVVLEOH�SDU�WRXV

/HV� LQFRQYpQLHQWV� PDMHXUV� VRQW� OLpV� DX[� GLIILFXOWpV� WHFKQRORJLTXHV� HW� DX� WHPSV� GHSUpSDUDWLRQ� GH� FH� W\SH� G·HQVHLJQHPHQW�� 'DQV� OD� SOXSDUW� GHV� FDV�� SRXU� EpQpILFLHU� GH� O·DLGH� GXIRUPDWHXU��O·DXWRIRUPDWLRQ�HVW�RUJDQLVpH��OD�OLEHUWp�GH�O·DSSUHQDQW�GH�FKRLVLU�VHV�FUpQHDX[�KRUDLUHVQ·HVW� SDV� pYLGHQWH� VXUWRXW� V·LO� GRLW� VH� V\QFKURQLVHU� DYHF� OH� IRUPDWHXU� SRXU� G·pYHQWXHOV� DLGHVIRXUQLHV�SDU�FH�GHUQLHU���/D�V\QFKURQLVDWLRQ�SHXW�rWUH�GLIILFLOH�TXDQG�OH�IRUPDWHXU�VH�WURXYH�DYHFSOXVLHXUV� DSSUHQDQWV� HQ� PrPH� WHPSV� �GLIILFXOWpV� OLpHV� SDU� H[HPSOH� j� OD� GLYHUVLWp� GHV� VXMHWVDERUGpV��

6·DMRXWHQW�j�FH�TXL�SUpFqGH��

• /D�GpVKXPDQLVDWLRQ�GH�OD�IRUPDWLRQ��OH�QRQ�SUpVHQWLHO�

• /D�ILDELOLWp�WHFKQRORJLTXH�LQFHUWDLQH��OD�WUDQVPLVVLRQ�

• /D�GLIILFXOWp�G·XVDJH�GHV�RXWLOV��GpPDUFKH�LQLWLDWLTXH�SUpDODEOH��FRQWUDLQWH�WHFKQRORJLTXH�

• /D�SpGDJRJLH�QRQ�DGDSWpH�SDU�PDQTXH�GH�UpIpUHQFH�G·XVDJH� �WRXWH� O·RUJDQLVDWLRQ�GH� ODIRUPDWLRQ�HVW�j�UHSHQVHU�

• /H�WHPSV�GH�SUpSDUDWLRQ�GHV�VHVVLRQV�G·DSSUHQWLVVDJH

• /H�FR�W��UHODWLI��GHV�VXSSRUWV�HW�RXWLOV��LQIRUPDWLTXH�HW�GH�FRPPXQLFDWLRQ�

• /D�WDLOOH�GX�JURXSH�G·DSSUHQDQWV����j����PD[LPXP��

,,����/·+200(���62&,$/

,,������/·KRPPH���FRPPXQLTXDQW

/·KRPPH� DSSDUWLHQW� j� XQH� FLYLOLVDWLRQ�� 'DQV� FH� VHQV�� LO� IDLW� SDUWLH� G·XQH� RX� SOXVLHXUV

FRPPXQDXWpV� UHSUpVHQWDQW� GHV� HQVHPEOHV � GH� SHUVRQQHV� DYHF� OHVTXHOOHV� LO� HVW� �VSRQWDQpPHQW�

QDWXUHOOHPHQW�� REOLJDWRLUHPHQW� ����� HQ� FRPPXQLFDWLRQ�� 6HORQ� -�� /D]DU� >/D]DU�� ��@� �� O·DFWH� GH

FRPPXQLFDWLRQ�SHXW�VH�UpVXPHU�j�XQH�LQWHUDFWLRQ�VLPSOH�HQWUH�GHX[�LQGLYLGXV��RX�j�XQ�pFKDQJH�j

O·LQWpULHXU�G·XQ�JURXSH��G·XQH�RUJDQLVDWLRQ��G·XQH�VRFLpWp�����PDLV�OH�SKpQRPqQH�GH�EDVH�FRQVLVWH�j

©�PHWWUH�HQ�FRPPXQ�ª��©�SDUWDJHU�ª��,O�VH�WURXYH�j�OD�UDFLQH�GH�FKDTXH�JURXSH�

Page 14: 7DEOHGHVPDWLqUHV˛ - docinsa.insa-lyon.frdocinsa.insa-lyon.fr/these/1996/akkouche/chap2.pdf · verbal musicien spirituel emotions contacts humains les emotions le raisonnement)ljxuh

&+$3,75( ,,� /·+200( $335(1$17

��

'HX[� DSSURFKHV� RQW� pWp� UHFHQVpHV� SRXU� O·KRPPH� GDQV� O·DFWH� GH� FRPPXQLFDWLRQ ��

O·DSSURFKH�GH�FDUDFWqUH�HW�O·DSSURFKH�FRJQLWLYH��/D�SUHPLqUH�DSSURFKH�HVW�XWLOLVpH�SRXU�SUpYRLU

OH�FRPSRUWHPHQW�VRFLDO��OHV�FKHUFKHXUV�RQW�HVVD\p�GH�SUpYRLU�OD�UpDFWLRQ�DX�PHVVDJH�HQYR\p�SDU

O·pPHWWHXU� HQ� SDUWDQW� GX� IDLW� TXH� O·KRPPH� SRVVqGH� GHV� SUpGLVSRVLWLRQV� TXL� VRQW� SULVHV� SRXU

GRQQpHV���/D�VHFRQGH�DSSURFKH�PHW�O·DFFHQW�VXU�OH�SURFHVVXV�SV\FKRORJLTXH�OLp�j�O· LQWHUSUpWDWLRQ

HW�j�OD�SURGXFWLRQ�GH�PHVVDJHV�GDQV�OD�FRPPXQLFDWLRQ ��� OHV�VWUXFWXUHV�FRJQLWLYHV��/H�V\VWqPH

FRJQLWLI�SRVVqGH��

• OHV� SURFHVVXV� FRJQLWLIV��� PpFDQLVPHV� HW� DWWLWXGHV� VROOLFLWpHV� SRXU� WUDLWHU� HW� pPHWWUH� GHV

LQIRUPDWLRQV��FRQFHQWUDWLRQ��PpPRULVDWLRQ��UDSSHO�GH�FRQQDLVVDQFH�DX�PRPHQW�YRXOX��VpOHFWLRQ

HQWUH�GLIIpUHQWHV�VROXWLRQV������

• O·RUJDQLVDWLRQ�HW�OD�FRQFHSWXDOLVDWLRQ�GHV�FRQQDLVVDQFHV�

/D� FRQQDLVVDQFH� GH� FHV� GHX[� SURFHVVXV� FRPSOpPHQWDLUHV� HVW� LQGLVSHQVDEOH� j� WRXV� OHV

QLYHDX[��� SURGXFWLRQ� GX� PHVVDJH�� O·LQWHUSUpWDWLRQ� GX� PHVVDJH�� FRPPXQLFDWLRQ� QRQ� YHUEDOH�

FRPPXQLFDWLRQ�GX�JURXSH�����

1RXV�DOORQV�QRXV�LQWpUHVVHU�GDQV�FH�TXL�VXLW�DX�SURFHVVXV�GH�FRPPXQLFDWLRQ�TXL�VH�UpDOLVH

WRXMRXUV� SDU� O·LQWHUDFWLRQ� GH� WURLV� pOpPHQWV� GH� EDVH ��� XQ� pPHWWHXU�� TXL� HQYRLH� XQ�PHVVDJH� DX

WUDYHUV�G·XQ�FDQDO�YHUV�XQ�UpFHSWHXU�

E M E T T E U R R E C E P T E U RC a n a l d e

c o m m u n ic a t i o n

)LJXUH ����� 3URFHVVXV GH FRPPXQLFDWLRQ

&H� SURFHVVXV� SHXW� rWUH� SOXV� RX� PRLQV� FRPSOH[H�� VXLYDQW� OH� QRPEUH� GH� SHUVRQQHV

LPSOLTXpHV� HW� OD� WHFKQLTXH� XWLOLVpH� FRPPH� PR\HQ� GH� GLIIXVLRQ�� ,O� Q·H[LVWH� SDV� XQ� PRGqOH

SDUWLFXOLHU� XQLYHUVHO�� SRXU� H[SOLTXHU� OH� SURFHVVXV� GH� FRPPXQLFDWLRQ�� 6HORQ� TX·LO� V·DJLW� GH� OD

FRPPXQLFDWLRQ�LQWHUSHUVRQQHOOH�RX�GH�PDVVH��GH�OD�FRPPXQLFDWLRQ�YHUEDOH�RX�QRQ�YHUEDOH��GH�OD

WUDQVPLVVLRQ�GH�OD�FRPPXQLFDWLRQ�SDU�O·LQGLYLGX�RX�SDU�O·RUGLQDWHXU�� OHV�PRGqOHV�FKDQJHQW�SRXU

SHUPHWWUH�GH�PLHX[�UHSUpVHQWHU�OHV�PpFDQLVPHV�HQ�FDXVH�

6L[�PRGqOHV�GH�EDVH�RQW�pWp�UHFHQVpV�GDQV�>/D]DU����@ ��

1. /H�PRGqOH�GH�6KDQQRQ�HW�:HDYHU������� ����FRQVLGpUp�SHQGDQW�ORQJWHPSV�FRPPH�OH�© �PRGqOH

GH�EDVH�ª��LO�HVW�FDUDFWpULVp�SDU�OD�OLQpDULWp�GH�OD�WUDQVPLVVLRQ��/D�VRXUFH�HVW�FRQVLGpUpH�FRPPH

Page 15: 7DEOHGHVPDWLqUHV˛ - docinsa.insa-lyon.frdocinsa.insa-lyon.fr/these/1996/akkouche/chap2.pdf · verbal musicien spirituel emotions contacts humains les emotions le raisonnement)ljxuh

&+$3,75( ,,� /·+200( $335(1$17

��

GpFLGHXU�HQ�FKRLVLVVDQW�SDUPL�OHV�PHVVDJHV�GLVSRQLEOHV�FHOXL�j�WUDQVPHWWUH��FI��)LJXUH��������&H

GHUQLHU�HVW�FKDQJp�SDU�OH�WUDQVPHWWHXU�HQ�XQ�VLJQDO��HW�HQYR\p�j�WUDYHUV�OH�FDQDO�DX�UpFHSWHXU�

/H�VLJQDO�SHXW�rWUH�HQGRPPDJp�SDU�OH�EUXLW��TXL�SHXW�PRGLILHU�RX�HPSrFKHU�OD�WUDQVPLVVLRQ��

S o u r c ed ' i n f o r m a t i o n

S i g n a lM e s s a g e S i g n a l r e ç u M e s s a g e

D e s t i n a t i o nR é c e p t e u rE m e t t e u r

S o u r c ed e b r u i t

)LJXUH ����� /H PRGqOH GH 6KDQQRQ HW :HDYHU

2. /H�PRGqOH�GH�/DVVZHOO� ������ ���/DVZHOO� �SROLWRORJXH�DPpULFDLQ��HVW� O·DXWHXU�G·XQ�PRGqOH� WUqV

FRQQX� UpVXPp� SDU� VD� IDPHXVH� SKUDVH� �O·XQH� GHV� SOXV� FLWpHV� GDQV� OD� UHFKHUFKH� HQ

FRPPXQLFDWLRQ���

©�4XL�GLW�TXRL�SDU�TXHO�FDQDO�j�TXL�HW�DYHF�TXHO�HIIHW� �ª

/D� ILJXUH������PRQWUH�TXH�FH�PRGqOH�HQYLVDJH�XQH� WUDQVPLVVLRQ� OLQpDLUH�GH� O·LQIRUPDWLRQ

YHQDQW�GX�FRPPXQLFDWHXU�HQ�YXH�G·H[HUFHU�XQH�LQIOXHQFH�VXU�OH�V��UHFHSWHXU�V���$LQVL�OH�SURFHVVXV

GH�FRPPXQLFDWLRQ�D�pWp�WUDLWp�FRPPH�XQ�SURFHVVXV�GH�SHUVXDVLRQ�

Q u i

C o m m u n i -c a te u r

A v e c Q u e lE f f e t ?

E f f e t

A Q u i

R é c e p te u r

P a r Q u e l C a n a l

M é d ia

D i t Q u o i

M e s s a g e

)LJXUH ����� 0RGqOH GH /DVVZHOO

3. /H�PRGqOH�JpQpUDO�GH� OD� FRPPXQLFDWLRQ� VHORQ�*HUEQHU� ����� ���� SURSRVH�XQ�PRGqOH� JpQpUDO

PDLV� EHDXFRXS� SOXV� FRPSOH[H�� 6D� FDUDWpULVWLTXH� SULQFLSDOH� HVW� TX·LO� SHXW� rWUH� DSSOLTXp� j

GLIIpUHQWHV� IRUPHV� GH� FRPPXQLFDWLRQ� �VLPSOH ��� HQWUH� GHX[� LQGLYLGXV�� RX� FRPSOLTXp ��� GH

PDVVH���,O�SUpVHQWH�GHX[�GLPHQVLRQV�HVVHQWLHOOHV� ��

∗ LO�UHOLH�OH�PHVVDJH�j�OD�UpDOLWp��FDSDEOH�GH�QRXV�UHQVHLJQHU�VXU�OHV�VLJQLILFDWLRQV�

Page 16: 7DEOHGHVPDWLqUHV˛ - docinsa.insa-lyon.frdocinsa.insa-lyon.fr/these/1996/akkouche/chap2.pdf · verbal musicien spirituel emotions contacts humains les emotions le raisonnement)ljxuh

&+$3,75( ,,� /·+200( $335(1$17

��

∗ OH�SURFHVVXV�GH�FRPPXQLFDWLRQ�HVW�HQYLVDJp�FRPPH�XQ�HQVHPEOH�j�GHX[�GLPHQVLRQV ��XQH�SHUFHSWLYH�RX�UpFHSWLYH�HW�XQH�DXWUH��FRPPXQLFDQWH�RX�GH�FRQWU{OH�

&H� PRGqOH� HVW� XWLOLVp� SRXU� O·DQDO\VH� GX� PHVVDJH� �SUREOqPHV� GH� FRPPXQLFDWLRQ� HW� GH

SHUFHSWLRQ��HW�SRXU�OH�WUDLWHPHQW�GH�OD�WUDQVPLVVLRQ�GHV�LQIRUPDWLRQV��DX�QLYHDX�VRFLDO��

EEvènement

Acc

ès a

uco

ntr

ôle

deM

édia

Dim

ens

ion

des

moy

ens

et d

es c

ontr

ôle

s

La dimension dePerception

E1Sélection

M

S

Forme

E

Contenu

)LJXUH ����� 0RGqOH GH *HUEQHU

4. /H� PRGqOH� GH� 1HZFRPE� ������ ��� OH� PRGqOH� WULDQJXODLUH� GH� 1HZFRPE� HVW� OH� SUHPLHU� j

LQWURGXLUH�OH�U{OH�GH�OD�FRPPXQLFDWLRQ�HQ�WDQW�TXH�U{OH�HVVHQWLHO�SRXU�PDLQWHQLU�XQ�pTXLOLEUH

GDQV�OD�UHODWLRQ�VRFLDOH�

A B

XIndividu

Individu Individu

)LJXUH ����� 0RGqOH GH 1HZFRPE

3DU H[HPSOH VL $ HW % VRQW HQ DFFRUG HW VL ; HVW XQH QRXYHOOH HQWLWp HQWUDQW HQ FRPPXQLFDWLRQ DYHF $ HW

%� OH V\VWqPH HVW HQ pTXLOLEUH VL $ HW % RQW GHV DWWLWXGHV VHPEODEOHV j O·pJDUG GH ;� 0DLV VL $ DGRSWH ;

DORUV TXH % OH UHMHWWH� $ HW % GRLYHQW FRPPXQLTXHU MXVTX·DX PRPHQW R� LOV WURXYHURQW XQH DWWLWXGH

FRPPXQH j O·pJDUG GH ;� 3OXV OD SODFH GH ; HVW LPSRUWDQWH GDQV OHXU PLOLHX VRFLDO� SOXV LO VHUD XUJHQW GH

WURXYHU XQ GpQRPLQDWHXU FRPPXQ� DILQ G·pWDEOLU O·KDUPRQLH�

'H PrPH VL� GDQV XQ V\VWqPH HQ pTXLOLEUH� ; FKDQJH� DORUV $ HW % GRLYHQW VH FRQFHUWHU SRXU UpWDEOLU XQH

RULHQWDWLRQ FRPPXQH FRQFHUQDQW OH QRXYHO ;�

Page 17: 7DEOHGHVPDWLqUHV˛ - docinsa.insa-lyon.frdocinsa.insa-lyon.fr/these/1996/akkouche/chap2.pdf · verbal musicien spirituel emotions contacts humains les emotions le raisonnement)ljxuh

&+$3,75( ,,� /·+200( $335(1$17

��

5. /H�PRGqOH�GH�:HVWOH\�HW�0DF�/HDQ �����������O·LGpH�GX�EHVRLQ�VRFLDO�GH�O·LQIRUPDWLRQ�GX�PRGqOH

GH�1HZFRPE�HVW�UHSULVH�HW�DGDSWpH�j�OD�FRPPXQLFDWLRQ�GH�PDVVH�VXU�OHV�SRLQWV�IRQGDPHQWDX[

VXLYDQWV�

∗ /·HIIHW�GH�UHWRXU��IHHG���EDFN��GDQV�OD�FRPPXQLFDWLRQ�GH�PDVVH�HVW�TXDVL�LQH[LVWDQW

∗ OHV� pPHWWHXUV� �$�� GDQV� OD� FRPPXQLFDWLRQ� GH�PDVVH� VRQW� QRPEUHX[� HW� OHV� VXMHWV� GDQVO·HQYLURQQHPHQW� �;�� YHUV� OHVTXHOV� OHV� UpFHSWHXUV� GRLYHQW� V·RULHQWHU� HW� IDLUH� OHXUVVpOHFWLRQV��H[LVWHQW�pJDOHPHQW�HQ�JUDQG�QRPEUH��'HX[�FKDQJHPHQWV�IRQGDPHQWDX[�SDUUDSSRUW�DX�PRGqOH��$%;��GH�1HZFRPE���OHV�;�VRQW�VpOHFWLRQQpV�SDU�OH�FRPPXQLFDWHXU$�HW�WUDQVPLV�VRXV�IRUPH�GH�PHVVDJHV�;·�j�%��0DLV�%�SHXW�DYRLU�XQH�SHUFHSWLRQ�VXU�;�;�%�� HW� SHXW� DXVVL� UpSRQGUH� j� $�� �I%$��� &H� TXL� UpVXPH� OD� FRPPXQLFDWLRQLQWHULQGLYLGXHOOH�

f BA

X1

X' BA

X1B

X2

X3

Xn

X

)LJXUH ����� 0RGqOH GH :HVWOH\ HW 0DF /HDQ

/H�PRGqOH�SHXW� rWUH� pODUJL� HQ� LQWURGXLVDQW�XQ� pOpPHQW� �FRPPXQLFDWHXU��&� HQWUH�$� HW�%�3UHQRQV�O·H[HPSOH�GH�$��H[SHUW���%��DSSUHQDQW���&��HQVHLJQDQW��HW�;��OH�GRPDLQH�VXU�OHTXHO�SRUWHOD�IRPDWLRQ��3RXU�:HVWOH\�HW�0DF�/HDQ�OHV�PpGLDV�VHUYHQW�j�VDWLVIDLUH�GHV�EHVRLQV�G·LQIRUPDWLRQGH�O·DXGLHQFH�HW�IRXUQLVVHQW�XQ�PR\HQ�SRXU�FUpHU�XQH�YLVLRQ��SDUWDJpH��VXU�O·HQYLURQQHPHQW��;��,OV� VRXOLJQHQW� OH� U{OH� GHV� PpGLDV� �XWLOLVpV� SDU� &� SRXU� %�� GDQV� OD� SHUVLVWDQFH� GHV� SHUFHSWLRQVSDUWDJpHV�GDQV�XQH�FRPPXQDXWp��'DQV�QRWUH�H[HPSOH��$�HW�&�RQW�XQ�U{OH�DFWLI�SDU�UDSSRUW�j�%TXL�GpSHQG�G·HX[��LO�HQ�GpSHQG�GDQV�VRQ�EHVRLQ�G·LQIRUPDWLRQ��

6. /H�PRGqOH� GH� 5LOH\� HW� 5LOH\� ������ ��� /HV� PRGqOHV� GH� FRPPXQLFDWLRQ� SUpFpGHQWV� QpJOLJHQW

O·HQYLURQQHPHQW�GDQV�OHTXHO�O·DFWH�GH�OD�FRPPXQLFDWLRQ�VH�GpURXOH��/HV�LQGLYLGXV��PrPH�V·LOV

VRQW�VHXOV�DX�PRPHQW�GH�UHFHYRLU�OHV�PHVVDJHV��QH�VRQW�SDV�VRFLDOHPHQW�LVROpV ���LOV�IRQW�SDUWLH

GH� JURXSHV� SULPDLUHV� �IDPLOOH�� JURXSH� GH� WUDYDLO�� ����� DYHF� OHVTXHOV� LOV� SDUWDJHQW� XQ� FHUWDLQ

QRPEUH�GH�FRPSRUWHPHQWV�HW�GH�YDOHXUV��DLQVL�TXH�GHV�JURXSHV�GH�UpIpUHQFH��TXL�OHXU�VHUYHQW

GH�JXLGH�GDQV�OHXUV�GpFLVLRQV�

Page 18: 7DEOHGHVPDWLqUHV˛ - docinsa.insa-lyon.frdocinsa.insa-lyon.fr/these/1996/akkouche/chap2.pdf · verbal musicien spirituel emotions contacts humains les emotions le raisonnement)ljxuh

&+$3,75( ,,� /·+200( $335(1$17

��

G roupeprim aire

C R

M essages

G roupeprim aire

G roupeprim aire

G roupeprim aire

)LJXUH ����� 0RGqOH GH 5LOH\ HW 5LOH\

&RPPH�QRXV�O·DYRQV�GLW�FL�GHVVXV��O·KRPPH�DSSDUWLHQW�j�XQH�RX�SOXVLHXUV�FRPPXQDXWpV�

&HUWDLQHV�G·HQWUH�HOOHV�VRQW�LPSRVpHV��H�J��FRPPXQDXWp�FXOWXUHOOH�SDU�OD�QDLVVDQFH���LO�HQ�D�FKRLVL

G·DXWUHV�SDU�EHVRLQ��SDU�JR�W��SDU�VHQV�����

/·LPSRUWDQFH�GH� OD�SRVLWLRQ�VRFLDOH�GH� O·KRPPH�HQ� VLWXDWLRQ�G·DSSUHQWLVVDJH� VH�PDQLIHVWH

DORUV�SDU�SOXVLHXUV�EHVRLQV ��

• VH� VpFXULVHU�� JDJQHU� GDQV� VD� FRQILDQFH� HQ� OXL�PrPH� HQ� V·LGHQWLILDQW� FRPPH� SDUWLH� G·XQH

FRPPXQDXWp��LFL�DSSUHQDQWH��D\DQW�OH�PrPH�VWDWXW�TXH�OXL�

• FRQIURQWHU�VHV�FRQQDLVVDQFHV�QRXYHOOHV�j�FHOOHV�GHV�DXWUHV�SRXU�OHV�UHQIRUFHU��OHV�FRUULJHU��OHV

VpGLPHQWHU��OHV�FRQFHSWXDOLVHU�

• FRQVWUXLUH�VRQ�VDYRLU�HW�VRQ�VDYRLU�IDLUH� DYHF� OHV�DXWUHV��DSSUHQDQW�j�SURILWHU� �VDYRLU�XWLOLVHU�

GHV�FRQQDLVVDQFHV�GX�JURXSH�SRXU�OD� UpVROXWLRQ�FROOHFWLYH�G·XQ�SUREOqPH��FH�TXL�pTXLYDXW�j

IDLUH�SURILWHU�OHV�DXWUHV�GH�VD�ULFKHVVH�HW�SURILWHU�GH�OD�ULFKHVVH�GHV�DXWUHV�

'DQV� FH� VHQV� HW� VL� OH� YRFDEOH� Q·DYDLW� XQH� FRQQRWDWLRQ� © �QRXYHOOHV� WHFKQRORJLHV�ª�� QRXV

DXULRQV�SX�DSSHOHU�O·KRPPH�VRFLDO��O·KRPPH�UpVHDX�

,,������/H�*URXSH�HW�OHV�FRPSRUWHPHQWV�GH�JURXSH

%HDXFRXS�GH�PpWKRGHV�GH�UpVROXWLRQV�GH�SUREOqPHV��PrPH�HQ�HQWUHSULVH��DWWDFKHQW�XQHJUDQGH� LPSRUWDQFH� j� OD� SKDVH� G·DQDO\VH� LQGLYLGXHOOH� GX� SUREOqPH� HW� IRUW� SHX� j� OD� SKDVHLPDJLQDWLYH�FROOHFWLYH��2U�OH�JURXSH�FUpDWLI�SURILWH�G·XQ�HIIHW�GH�V\QHUJLH�H[WUDRUGLQDLUH�

,,������� /HV GLIIpUHQWV W\SHV G·DFWHXUV

'DQV�XQ�JURXSH�RQ�SHXW�JpQpUDOHPHQW�LGHQWLILHU�TXDWUH�W\SHV�G·DFWHXUV ��

• OHV�SURGXFWHXUV��OHXU�DFWLYLWp�HVW�FHQWUpH�VXU�OD�WkFKH�j�UpDOLVHU�

• OHV�UpJXODWHXUV��RX�RUJDQLVDWHXUV��LOV�DVVXUHQW�OH�ERQ�IRQFWLRQQHPHQW�VRFLDO�GX�JURXSH��

• OHV�IDFLOLWDWHXUV��OHXU�U{OH�HVW�GH�ODQFHU�OH�JURXSH�HW�GH�SURYRTXHU�OD�PRWLYDWLRQ��

Page 19: 7DEOHGHVPDWLqUHV˛ - docinsa.insa-lyon.frdocinsa.insa-lyon.fr/these/1996/akkouche/chap2.pdf · verbal musicien spirituel emotions contacts humains les emotions le raisonnement)ljxuh

&+$3,75( ,,� /·+200( $335(1$17

��

• OHV� SHUWXUEDWHXUV� �OHXUV� LQWpUrWV� GLYHUJHQW� GHV� REMHFWLIV� JpQpUDX[� GX� JURXSH�� LOVHQWUDYHQW�OD�SRXUVXLWH�GH�O·REMHFWLI��

6HORQ� OD� WKpRULH� GH�%HQQH�� 6KHDWV� >0DLVRQQHXYH�� ��@��2Q� WURXYH� WURLV� FRPSRUWHPHQWVGDQV� XQ� JURXSH��� OHV� LQGLYLGXV� FHQWUpV� VXU� OD� WkFKH�� OHV� LQGLYLGXV� FHQWUpV� VXU� O·DPELDQFH�� OHVSHUWXUEDWHXUV��/H� FRPSRUWHPHQW� LQGLYLGXHO� HVW� REVHUYDEOH� DX� WUDYHUV� GH� VHV� DFWLRQV� DX� VHLQ� GXJURXSH��PDLV�GLIILFLOH�j�FDSWHU�SDU�XQ�V\VWqPH���/HV�REMHFWLIV�GX�JURXSH�SHXYHQW�rWUH�DWWHLQWV�VL ��

∗ LO�\�D�DEVHQFH�GH�SHUWXUEDWHXUV��WRXV�OHV�LQGLYLGXV�WUDYDLOOHQW�j�OD�UpDOLVDWLRQ�GH�O·REMHFWLI�FROOHFWLI��

∗ O·RUJDQLVDWHXU�SHXW�DXVVL�MRXHU�OH�U{OH�GH�IDFLOLWDWHXU��OH�JURXSH�HVW�JpUp�SDU�XQH�VHXOH�SHUVRQQH�VLQRQ�LO�\D�FRQIOLW�GH�FKRL[�GH�VWUDWpJLHV�HW�OH�JURXSH�SLpWLQH��

∗ LO�\�D�GHV�SURGXFWHXUV

&H� PRGqOH� HVW� pJDOHPHQW� DSSOLFDEOH� HQ� JHVWLRQ� FRRSpUDWLYH� GH� SURMHW� RX� HQ� LQJpQLHULHFRRSpUDQWH� �O·KRPPH� FRQFHYDQW��� 0DLV� XQ� JURXSH� QH� SHXW� IRQFWLRQQHU� TXH� VL� O·XQ� GH� VHVPHPEUHV� DVVXUH� XQ� U{OH� GH� OHDGHU�� &H� SHXW� rWUH� O·DQLPDWHXU� �� IRUPDWHXU� GDQV� OH� FDV� G·XQDSSUHQWLVVDJH��LO�GLVSRVH�QDWXUHOOHPHQW�G·XQ�VWDWXW��RX�XQ�GHV�IDFLOLWDWHXUV�RX�UpJXODWHXUV�GDQV�OHFDV�G·XQH� FRQFHSWLRQ� �DORUV� VRLW� LO� HVW� GpVLJQp�SDU� OH� JURXSH�� VRLW� LO� V·LPSRVH�GH� IDLW� DX[� DXWUHVDFWHXUV� DYHF� OH� ULVTXH�GH� QH� SDV� EpQLILFLHU� RIILFLHOOHPHQW� G·XQ� VWDWXW�� FH� TXL� SHXW� SURYRTXHU� VDUHPLVH�HQ�FDXVH��

/H�OHDGHU�D�SRXU�U{OH�G·RUJDQLVHU�HW�GH�UpSDUWLU�OHV�DFWLYLWpV�GX�JURXSH�

,O�H[LVWH�GLIIpUHQWV�W\SHV�GH�OHDGHU�>/HY\����@ ��

7\SHV &DUDFWpULVWLTXHV

&KDULVPDWLTXH ,QIDLOOLEOH4XDVL�VDFUp,QIOXHQFH�SDU�VD�SHUVRQQDOLWp'LUHFWLYHV�pWDEOLHV�SDU�OXL

7UDGLWLRQQHO�$XWRFUDWLTXH

$XWRULWp3DWHUQDOLVPH3URWHFWLRQ

'pPRFUDWLTXH�&RRSpUDWLI

3UpSDUDWLRQ�j�OD�SULVH�GH�GpFLVLRQ&RQVXOWDWLI

7DEOHDX ���� 7\SHV HW &DUDFWpULVWLTXHV GH OHDGHUVKLS

,O�H[LVWH�GLIIpUHQWHV�DSSURFKHV�j�OD�JHVWLRQ�GX�JURXSH ��

• OH� OHDGHU� D� XQ� U{OH� G·pOXFLGDWHXU� �LO� SODFH� OH� JURXSH� HQ� VLWXDWLRQ� GH� GpFLVLRQ� FROOHFWLYHDSUqV� DYRLU� VHQVLELOLVp� OH� JURXSH� VXU� OHV� SUREOqPHV� HW� SURFpGXUHV��� LO� D� XQH� LQIOXHQFHFDWDO\WLTXH��

• OH� OHDGHU� FRPPDQGH� HW� GpFLGH ��� LO� SUHQG� OD� GLUHFWLRQ� GX� JURXSH� �LO� GHYLHQW� OD� VHXOHDXWRULWp���

• OH�OHDGHU�ODLVVH�IDLUH ���LO�V·DJLW�DORUV�G·XQH�GpPLVVLRQ�G·DXWRULWp�

/D�GpPLVVLRQ�GX�OHDGHU�HVW�j�pYLWHU�DEVROXPHQW�FDU�OH�JURXSH�Q·HVW�SOXV�JpUp�HW�OH�ULVTXH�GHGpYLDWLRQ�RX�GLVVHQVLRQ�GHYLHQW�LPSRUWDQW�

/H� FKRL[� G·XQ� OHDGHU� VH� IDLW� HQ� IRQFWLRQ� GX� SURILO� GX� JURXSH� HW� GHV� REMHFWLIV� �EHVRLQG·DXWRULWp��GpVLU�G·DXWRQRPLH�������

Page 20: 7DEOHGHVPDWLqUHV˛ - docinsa.insa-lyon.frdocinsa.insa-lyon.fr/these/1996/akkouche/chap2.pdf · verbal musicien spirituel emotions contacts humains les emotions le raisonnement)ljxuh

&+$3,75( ,,� /·+200( $335(1$17

��

,,������� /HV LQWHUDFWLRQV

$� /HV�PRGqOHV�G·LQWHUDFWLRQV

/D� FRPPXQLFDWLRQ� LQWHUSHUVRQQHOOH� FRPSUHQG� GHV � LQWHUDFWLRQV� R�� OHV� SDUWHQDLUHVH[HUFHQW�XQH� LQIOXHQFH�UpFLSURTXH�VXU� OHXUV�FRPSRUWHPHQWV� UHVSHFWLIV��(OOH� HVW�GLUHFWHPHQW� OLpHDX[�PR\HQV�GH�FRPPXQLFDWLRQ�XWLOLVpV�HW� O·DGDSWDWLRQ�PXWXHOOH�GX�FRPSRUWHPHQW�TXL�HQGpFRXOH�

/·DGDSWDWLRQ�GX�FRPSRUWHPHQW�HVW�WRXMRXUV�IRQFWLRQ�GX�FRPSRUWHPHQW�GH�O·DXWUH ���LO�V·DJLWG·DMXVWHPHQW�GX�FRPSRUWHPHQW�

%� /H�FRPSRUWHPHQW�GDQV�OD�FRPPXQLFDWLRQ�LQWHUSHUVRQQHOOH

/D� FODVVLILFDWLRQ� OD� SOXV� VLPSOH� �PDLV� SDV� WURS� UpGXFWULFH�� GH� OD� FRPPXQLFDWLRQ� VHUDLW ��FRPPXQLFDWLRQ�YHUEDOH�HW�QRQ�YHUEDOH��/D�SUHPLqUH�VH�IDLW�SDU�OH�ELDLV�GH�OD�SDUROH�HW�GH�O·pFULW�WH[WHV��WDEOHDX[��FKLIIUHV��������/D�GHX[LqPH�XWLOLVH�OD�PLPLTXH��OD�JHVWXHOOH�RX�DWWLWXGHV�UHIOqWDQW�OHVpPRWLRQV� LQVWDQWDQpHV� GH� O·LQGLYLGX� �HOOH� Q·HVW� SHUWLQHQWH� TXH� SHQGDQW� OD� GXUpH� GH� O·pPLVVLRQ��(NPDQ� >(NPDQ�� ��@� D� GpPRQWUp� O·H[LVWHQFH� GH� VL[� pPRWLRQV� GH� EDVH� �ERQKHXU�� WULVWHVVH�FROqUH��GpJR�W��SHXU�HW�VXUSULVH��FKH]�GHV�PHPEUHV�GH�FXOWXUHV�pORLJQpHV��FH�TXL�FRQILUPH�TXHO·H[SUHVVLRQ�GHV�pPRWLRQV�HVW� LQQpH�PrPH�VL� FHUWDLQHV�PRGLILFDWLRQV�� OLpHV� j� OD� FXOWXUH��SHXYHQWLQWHUYHQLU� >/D]DU�� ��@�3DU� FRQWUH� LO� Q·H[LVWH� DXFXQ� JHVWH� RX� SRVWXUH� TXL� FDUDFWpULVH� WRXWHV� OHVFXOWXUHV���H�J��O·LQFOLQDLVRQ�GH�OD�WrWH�SHXW�VLJQLILHU�O·DSSUREDWLRQ�SRXU�OHV�XQV��OD�QpJDWLRQ�SRXU�OHVDXWUHV�RX��SRXU�FHUWDLQHV�FXOWXUHV��rWUH�XQ�VLJQH�LQFRQQX��

/HV� H[SUHVVLRQV� IDFLDOHV�� GH� PrPH� TXH� OHV� JHVWHV�� FRPSOpWHQW� OD� SDUROH� RX� PrPH� ODVXSSOpHQW� �DVSHFW� OH� SOXV� IRQGDPHQWDO� GH� OD� WUDQVPLVVLRQ� GH� O·LPDJH� GH� O·LQWHUORFXWHXU� HQVLWXDWLRQ�GH�YLVLRFRQIpUHQFH���,OV�SHUPHWWHQW�GH�YRLU�TXH�FH�TXL�HVW�pPLV��SURQRQFp��QH�FRwQFLGHSDV�WRXMRXUV�DYHF�FH�TXH�O·LQGLYLGX�SHQVH�RX�VRXKDLWH�WUDQVPHWWUH�

&� 6DYRLU�HW�FRRSpUDWLRQ��

2Q�GLVWLQJXH���W\SHV�GH�VLWXDWLRQV�FRRSpUDWLYHV ��

6LWXDWLRQ�GH� WXWRUDW���$�SRVVqGH� O·HQVHPEOH�GHV�FRQQDLVVDQFHV�GH�%��PDLV�%�QH�SRVVqGHSDV� OD� FRQQDLVVDQFH� GH� $�� 'DQV� FH� FDV� $� ULVTXH� GH� GHYHQLU� OH� IRUPDWHXU� GH� %� �FH� TXL� QHFRUUHVSRQG�SDV�DX[�REMHFWLIV�GH�OD�VLWXDWLRQ�FRRSpUDWLYH�G·RULJLQH���,O�SHXW�HQ�UpVXOWHU�XQ�FRQIOLW�VHORQ�OHV�SHUVRQQDOLWpV�GH�$�HW�%��

6LWXDWLRQ� GH� GLIIpUHQFH��� $� HW� %� Q·RQW� DXFXQH� FRQQDLVVDQFH� HQ� FRPPXQ�� ,OV� Q·DXURQWSUREDEOHPHQW� SDV� OH� PrPH� ODQJDJH�� ,O� SDUDvW� SHX� SUREDEOH� TX·LOV� SXLVVHQW� FRRSpUHU� HQVHPEOH�VDXI�V·LOV�RQW�GH�ERQQHV�TXDOLWpV�SpGDJRJLTXHV��

6LWXDWLRQ� GH� FRDSSUHQWLVVDJH��� $� HW� %� FRQQDLVVHQW� OD� PrPH� FKRVH�� ,O� \� D� SHXG·HQULFKLVVHPHQW�PXWXHO�HW�ULVTXH�GH�FRQFXUUHQFH�

6LWXDWLRQ�G·HQWUDLGH���$�HW�%�RQW�XQ�VDYRLU�HQ�FRPPXQ��LOV�RQW�DXVVL�FKDFXQ�XQH�VSpFLDOLWpTXL�OHV�GLVWLQJXH��&HWWH�VLWXDWLRQ�SHUPHWWUD�XQ�HQULFKLVVHPHQW�PXWXHO�pTXLOLEUp��&·HVW�OD�VLWXDWLRQOD�SOXV�IDYRUDEOH�j�XQH�FRRSpUDWLRQ�

Page 21: 7DEOHGHVPDWLqUHV˛ - docinsa.insa-lyon.frdocinsa.insa-lyon.fr/these/1996/akkouche/chap2.pdf · verbal musicien spirituel emotions contacts humains les emotions le raisonnement)ljxuh

&+$3,75( ,,� /·+200( $335(1$17

��

S IT U A T IO N T U T O R A T

S IT U A T IO N D IFF E R E N C E

S IT U A T IO N E N T R A ID E

S IT U A T IO N C O A P P R E N T ISS A G E

BA

A

B

A = B

A

B

)LJXUH ����� 6DYRLU HW FRRSpUDWLRQ

'� 2UJDQLVDWLRQV�HW�LQWHUDFWLRQV

2Q�SHXW�FRQVLGpUHU�TX·LO�\�D�XQH�FRPPXQLFDWLRQ�SRVVLEOH�HQWUH�WRXV�OHV�SDUWHQDLUHV�MXVTXjXQH� WDLOOH� G·XQH� GL]DLQH� GH� SHUVRQQHV� �� DX�GHOj� LO� \� DXUD� QpFHVVDLUHPHQW� VHJPHQWDWLRQ� HQ� VRXVJURXSH�� >0DLVRQQHXYH�� ��@�� /HV� GHX[� WUDLWV� HVVHQWLHOV� GX� SHWLW� JURXSH� VRQW� OD� VROLGDULWp� HW� ODFRKpVLRQ�

D� &RQGLWLRQV�G·HIILFDFLWp�GHV�JURXSHV

/HV�FRQGLWLRQV�G·HIILFDFLWp�GHV�JURXSHV�GH�WUDYDLO��j�VDYRLU ��� OHV�SHUIRUPDQFHV�UpDOLVpHV�� OHVDFTXLVLWLRQV� HW� OD� PpPRLUH� GH� O·DFTXLV�� O·LQWpJUDWLRQ� GHV� GpFRXYHUWHV� JURXSDOHV� GDQV� OHFRPSRUWHPHQW�SHUVRQQHO������QH�VH�SURGXLVHQW�TXH�VL���FRQGLWLRQV�VRQW�UpXQLHV ��

�� &RQGLWLRQ�GH�QRPEUH��� OD�VXSpULRULWp�GX�WUDYDLO�GH�JURXSH�DXJPHQWH�DYHF� OH�QRPEUH�GH�VHV�SDUWLFLSDQWV�MXVTXj� XQ� SRLQW� FULWLTXH� DX� GHOj� GXTXHO� HOOH� GLPLQXH� �OD� ILJXUH������SUpVHQWH� OH�SULQFLSH�GH�3DVFDO�VHORQ�OHTXHO�WRXWH�GLVSRVLWLRQ�D�SULRUL�IDYRUDEOH�LPSOLTXDQW�OHV�KRPPHV�D�GHV�HIIHWV�SRVLWLIV�MXVTXj�XQ�FHUWDLQSRLQW�DX�GHOj�GXTXHO� OHV� HIIHWV�GHYLHQQHQW�QpJDWLIV���8Q�JURXSH�GH�SHWLW�QRPEUH� �����RX����Q·D�SDV�EHDXFRXSG·LQWHUDFWLRQV��&HOOHV�FL�DXJPHQWHQW�JpRPpWULTXHPHQW�HQVXLWH�������������PHPEUHV��SXLV�VL�OH�QRPEUH�DXJPHQWH�OH�JURXSH�VH�IUDFWLRQQH�RX�WHQG�j�VH�IUDFWLRQQHU�>0XFFKLHOOL����@�

,O� V·DJLW� Oj� G·XQH� UqJOH� LPSRUWDQWH� TXH� QRXV� DYRQV� DSSOLTXpH� GDQV� WRXWHV� QRV� VLWXDWLRQVFRRSpUDWLYHV�H[SpULPHQWDOHV��DSSUHQWLVVDJH��FRQFHSWLRQ��

N=4 N=8

Taille

Efficacité

Effetpositif

Effetnégatif

)LJXUH ����� 3ULQFLSH GH 3$6&$/

Page 22: 7DEOHGHVPDWLqUHV˛ - docinsa.insa-lyon.frdocinsa.insa-lyon.fr/these/1996/akkouche/chap2.pdf · verbal musicien spirituel emotions contacts humains les emotions le raisonnement)ljxuh

&+$3,75( ,,� /·+200( $335(1$17

��

�� &RQGLWLRQ� GH� PDWXULWp� GH� JURXSH��� GHV� SHUVRQQHV� LQGLYLGXHOOHPHQW� QRUPDOHV� HW� GH� PDWXULWppPRWLRQQHOOH�DIIHFWLYH�LQWHOOHFWXHOOH� VXIILVDQWH�QH� FRQVWLWXHQW� SDV� SRXU� DXWDQW� XQ� JURXSH�P�U��7RXW� GpSHQG� GHVpWDSHV� GH� O·pYROXWLRQ� DIIHFWLYH� GHV� JURXSHV� HW� OHV� FULWqUHV� GH� VRQ� SRWHQWLHO� RSWLPXP� �FRQILDQFH� LQWHUSHUVRQQHOOH�LGHQWLWp� GHV� REMHFWLIV�� DWWLWXGHV� GH� FRRSpUDWLRQ�� FDSDFLWp� GH� SHUFHYRLU� HW� GH� WUDLWHU� SRVLWLYHPHQW� OHV� pYHQWXHOOHVWHQVLRQV�LQWHUQHV�HW�OHV�REVWDFOHV�j�OD�SURJHVVLRQ�GX�JURXSH�YHUV�VHV�EXWV��

�� &RQGLWLRQ�G·©�pJDOLWp� GH�GURLW�ª� GHV�SHUVRQQHV�SHQGDQW� O·DFWLYLWp��� WRXW� UpVHDX� UHVWULFWLI� GHVFRPPXQLFDWLRQV�YD�j�O·HQFRQWUH�GH�O·RSWLPXP�GH�IRQFWLRQQHPHQW�HW�G·HIILFDFLWp�/H� JURXSH� GH� WUDYDLO� LQWHOOHFWXHO� �GH� GLVFXVVLRQ�� GH� UpVROXWLRQ� GH� SUREOqPH� GH� FRQFHSWLRQ�� GHGpFRXYHUWH��HWF�����GRLW�rWUH�GpPRFUDWLTXH��LQVWLWXHU�XQH�pJDOLWp�GH�GURLW�SRXU�WRXV�OHV�DSSUHQDQWV�2U� O·pJDOLWp� GpPRFUDWLTXH� Q·HVW� SDV� QDWXUHOOH�� 7RXW� JURXSH� ODLVVp� j� OXL�PrPH� GpYHORSSH� VSRQWDQpPHQW� XQHRUJDQLVDWLRQ� UHVWULFWLYH� GH� O·pJDOLWp��&HWWH� WHQGDQFH� QDWXUHOOH� D� GHV� YHUWXV� FHUWDLQHV� ORUVTXH� OH� JURXSHGRLW�DJLU�SRXU�VD�VXUYLH��PDLV�GDQV�OH�FDV�G·XQ�WUDYDLO�LQWHOOHFWXHO��FHWWH�WHQGDQFH�QDWXUHOOH�VWpULOLVHSURJUHVVLYHPHQW�OHV�SHUIRUPDQFHV��GpIDLW�OH�PRUDO�FKH]�OD�SOXSDUW��GpWUXLW�OD�FRKpVLRQ�� ,O� IDXW�TXHO·pJDOLWp�GH�GURLW�VRLW� LQVWLWXpH�HW�PDLQWHQXH��HW�F·HVW�XQ�GHV�U{OHV�HVVHQWLHOV�GH�O·DQLPDWHXU���UpJXODWHXU��&·HVW�HQSDUWLH�j�FDXVH�GH�FH�U{OH�TX·LO�VHUD�© �QRQ�GLUHFWLI�ª��F·HVW�j�GLUH�Q·LQWHUYHQDQW�QL�VXU�OH�IRQG�QL�VXUOHV� UpVXOWDWV� GX� WUDYDLO�� PDLV� UpJXODQW� OH� FOLPDW� GH� JURXSH�� OD� OLEUH� H[SUHVVLRQ� GH� FKDFXQ�� OHVLQWHUDFWLRQV�HW�OHV�SURJUqV�GX�JURXSH�YHUV�VHV�REMHFWLIV�

E� 3KDVHV�GH�IRQFWLRQQHPHQW�G·XQ�JURXSH

'DQV�OH�IRQFWLRQQHPHQW�G·XQ�JURXSH��GLIIpUHQWHV�SKDVHV�VRQW�LGHQWLILDEOHV ��

• LQIRUPDWLRQ��GHVFULSWLRQ�GHV�REMHFWLIV�j�DWWHLQGUH�HW�GHV�PpWKRGHV��

• pYDOXDWLRQ��pPLVVLRQ�G·RSLQLRQV�VXU�OHV�VWUDWpJLHV�j�XWLOLVHU�SRXU�OD�SRXUVXLWH�GH� O·REMHFWLI��VXUOHV�FRQWUDLQWHV�j�UHVSHFWHU��

• FRQWU{OH��SULVH�HQ�FRPSWH�GHV�GLUHFWLRQV�HW�VXJJHVWLRQV�GX�JURXSH�

• GpFLVLRQ��YRWH�VXU�OD�PDUFKH�j�VXLYUH�

• WHQVLRQ��H[SUHVVLRQ�GH�GLYHUJHQFHV�VXU�OHV�FKRL[�HIIHFWXpV�SHQGDQW�OD�SKDVH�GH�GpFLVLRQ�

• LQWpJUDWLRQ��FRQVWUXFWLRQ�G·XQH�VROLGDULWp�DX�VHLQ�GX�JURXSH��

1RXV�PRQWUHURQV�OD�YDOLGLWp�GH�FH�PRGqOH��FI��9������HQ�VLWXDWLRQ�H[SpULPHQWDOH�GH�FRQFHSWLRQ�GHSURGXLW�

&HV� SKDVHV� VRQW� GHV� SKDVHV� GH�PLVH� HQ� SODFH� GX� JURXSH�� /H� JURXSH� GRLW� SDVVHU� SDU� FHVSKDVHV�SRXU�UHQWUHU�GH�IDoRQ�FRKpUHQWH�GDQV�XQH�SKDVH�GH�SURGXFWLRQ��/D�SKDVH�GH�WHQVLRQ�HVWXQH�SKDVH�FULWLTXH��VL�OHV�WHQVLRQV�VRQW�LPSRUWDQWHV�HW�Q·DUULYHQW�SDV�j�rWUH�UpVROXV�OD�SURGXFWLYLWpGX�JURXSH�FKXWH�pQRUPpPHQW�

&HUWDLQHV�UqJOHV�G·LQWHUDFWLRQ�RQW�pWp�LGHQWLILpHV�GDQV�OH�IRQFWLRQQHPHQW�G·XQ�JURXSH ��

∗ &HOXL�TXL�HVW�OH�SOXV�pPHWWHXU�YHUV�GHV�LQGLYLGXV�HVW�VRXYHQW�DXVVL�FHOXL�TXL�V·DGUHVVH�OH�SOXV�DX�JURXSHHQ�JpQpUDO�

∗ /H�SOXV�pPHWWHXU�HVW�VRXYHQW�DXVVL�OH�SOXV�UpFHSWHXU��PDLV�SDV�WRXMRXUV��

∗ /RUVTX·XQ�PHPEUH�pPHW�XQH�LQIRUPDWLRQ��LO�O·pPHW�JpQpUDOHPHQW�G·DERUG�YHUV�OHV�PHPEUHV�DFWLIV�SXLVYHUV�OH�UHVWH�GX�JURXSH�

/·HQVHPEOH� GH� FHV� FDUDFWpULVWLTXHV� GH� IRQFWLRQQHPHQW� GH� JURXSH� SHXW� SURYRTXHU� XQHGpFRPSRVLWLRQ� GX� JURXSH� �GHV�PHPEUHV� DFWLIV� FRPPXQLTXDQW� HQWUH� HX[�� HW� OHV� DXWUHV� ODLVVDQWIDLUH���G·R��O·LPSRUWDQFH�GX �OHDGHU�GDQV�OH�JURXSH�

Page 23: 7DEOHGHVPDWLqUHV˛ - docinsa.insa-lyon.frdocinsa.insa-lyon.fr/these/1996/akkouche/chap2.pdf · verbal musicien spirituel emotions contacts humains les emotions le raisonnement)ljxuh

&+$3,75( ,,� /·+200( $335(1$17

��

/·DXJPHQWDWLRQ�GH� OD� WDLOOH� GX�JURXSH� HVW� XQ� IDFWHXU�G·DXJPHQWDWLRQ�GH� OD� GLIIpUHQWLDWLRQHQWUH�OHV�SDUWLFLSDQWV�HW�GH�OD�FHQWUDOLVDWLRQ�GH�O·DFWLYLWp�HW�GH�OD�SDUROH�VXU�XQ�VRXV�JURXSH�

$ILQ�GH�PLHX[�JpUHU� OH�JURXSH�HW�PHWWUH�HQ�SODFH� OHV�VWUXFWXUHV�QpFHVVDLUHV� �DX�QLYHDX�GXVFpQDULR��� LO�HVW�GRQF�LQWpUHVVDQW�GH�VDYRLU�FRPPHQW�FKDFXQ�GHV�DFWHXUV�FRPPXQLTXH��SURILO�GHFRPPXQLFDWLRQ��� /D� FRQQDLVVDQFH� GX� SURILO� GH� FRPPXQLFDWLRQ� G·XQ� DSSUHQDQW� �FI�� ILJ�� �����SRXUUD�rWUH�XQ�RXWLO�SRXU�GpFHOHU�GHV�LQFLGHQWV�GH�FRPPXQLFDWLRQ�

/D�FRQVWUXFWLRQ�G·XQ�KLVWRULTXH�GH�FRPPXQLFDWLRQ�SHXW�VHUYLU�j�LQLWLDOLVHU�FHV�PRGqOHV�SDUO·pWXGH�GX�FRPSRUWHPHQW�VWDWLVWLTXH�GH�O·DSSUHQDQW�DYHF�OHV�DXWUHV��pYROXWLRQ�GHV�IUpTXHQFHV�GHFRPPXQLFDWLRQ��GX� WHPSV�G·LQWHUYHQWLRQ������ HW�SHUPHW�GH� FRQQDvWUH� O·pYROXWLRQ�GX�JURXSH�� DILQG·HQ�GpGXLUH�OHV�WHQGDQFHV�DFWXHOOHV��HW�SUpYRLU�VRQ�pYROXWLRQ�IXWXUH��ULVTXHV�GH�FRQIOLWV�������

A p p re n a n t

p r o f i l d ec o m m u n ic a t io n

A p p re n a n t

H is to r iq u e d ec o m m u n ic a t io n

p o s s è d e p o s s è d e

A p p re n a n t

p r o f i l d ele a d e r s h ip

p o s s è d e

)LJXUH ����� 3URILOV GH FRPPXQLFDWLRQ HW GH OHDGHUVKLS� KLVWRULTXH GH FRPPXQLFDWLRQ GXQDSSUHQDQW

,,������� /D FRKpVLRQ GX JURXSH

/D�SUpVHQFH�GH�FRQIOLWV�HW�GH�WHQVLRQV�SHXW�j�OD�IRLV�LQKLEHU�HW�DFWLYHU�OD�FRPPXQLFDWLRQ�DXVHLQ� G·XQ� JURXSH� SOXV� RX� PRLQV� DSWH� j� JpUHU� FH� W\SH� GH� SHUWXUEDWLRQ� �UREXVWHVVH� GX� JURXSHDQDORJXH�j�FHOOH�GHV�SURFHVVXV�GH�SURGXFWLRQ��

,O�H[LVWH�GHX[�W\SHV�GH�IDFWHXUV�GH�FRKpVLRQ�>0DLVRQQHXYH����@ ��

OHV�IDFWHXUV�D[LR�DIIHFWLIV��DWWUDFWLYLWp�GX�JURXSH�RX�PRWLYDWLRQV�FRPPXQHV���

∗ O·DWWUDLW�GX�EXW�FRPPXQ��OD�QRWLRQ�GX�SURMHW�

∗ O·DWWUDLW�GH�O·DFWLRQ�FROOHFWLYH��O·DFWLYLWp�DX�VHLQ�G·XQ�JURXSH�HVW�VRXUFH�GH�PRWLYDWLRQ�SURSUH�

∗ O�·DWWUDLW�GH�O·DSSDUWHQDQFH�DX�JURXSH��WRXFKH�OHV�DIIHFWV�GH�VpFXULWp��G·LGHQWLWp�SDU�UDSSRUW�DX�JURXSH��

∗ OHV�DWWUDLWV�OLpV�DX[�DIILQLWpV�LQWHUSHUVRQQHOOHV��UpVHDX[�VRFLR�DIIHFWLIV�VSRQWDQpV��

/HV�IDFWHXUV�VRFLR���RSpUDWRLUHV��RUJDQLVDWLRQ�GX�JURXSH�

∗ OD�GLVWULEXWLRQ�HW�O·DUWLFXODWLRQ�GHV�U{OHV��HQ�IRQFWLRQ�GHV�DFWLYLWpV�HW�DSWLWXGHV�GH�FKDFXQ���FI��9�����

∗ OD�FRQGXLWH�GX�JURXSH�HW�OH�PRGH�GH�OHDGHUVKLS��O·DXWRULWp�GX�OHDGHU�HW� O·LPSOLFDWLRQ�GHV�LQGLYLGXV�SDUUDSSRUW�DX[�REMHFWLIV�j�DWWHLQGUH��

/H�PRGH�G·pYDOXDWLRQ��pYDOXDWLRQ�LQGLYLGXHOOH�RX�FRRSpUDWLYH�>)DQGW��DO�����@��HVW�DXVVL�XQSDUDPqWUH�LQIOXDQW�VXU�OD�FRKpVLRQ�HW�OD�SHUIRUPDQFH�GX�JURXSH�

Page 24: 7DEOHGHVPDWLqUHV˛ - docinsa.insa-lyon.frdocinsa.insa-lyon.fr/these/1996/akkouche/chap2.pdf · verbal musicien spirituel emotions contacts humains les emotions le raisonnement)ljxuh

&+$3,75( ,,� /·+200( $335(1$17

��

&HV�IDFWHXUV�RQW�pWp�REVHUYpV�HQ�VLWXDWLRQ�G·XVDJH��FI�9������

/·RULJLQH�GHV�FRQIOLWV�DX�VHLQ�GX�JURXSH�HVW�VRXYHQW�FRPSOH[H�FDU�HOOH�LQWURGXLW�XQ�JUDQGQRPEUH�GH� IDFWHXUV�KXPDLQV�� ,O�Q·HV�GRQF�SDV�SRVVLEOH�GH� OHV� WUDLWHU� LQIRUPDWLTXHPHQW�SDUODQW�WRXW� DX�SOXV�SHXW�RQ�SUHQGUH� HQ� FRPSWH� XQ� FHUWDLQ� QRPEUH� GHV� UqJOHV� SUpFpGHQWHV� DILQ� GH� OHVpYLWHU� OH� SOXV� SRVVLEOH�� 6L� FHSHQGDQW� XQ� FRQIOLW� VXUYLHQW�� FH� VHUD� OD� WkFKH� GX� IRUPDWHXU� �O·DQLPDWHXU� GH� OH� JpUHU�� $ILQ� GH� IDFLOLWHU� VRQ� WUDYDLO�� FHUWDLQV� FDSWHXUV� UpYpODWHXUV� GH� FRQIOLWSRXUURQW� DLGHU� OH� IRUPDWHXU� GDQV� VRQ� WUDYDLO� �LO� V·DJLUD� G·DODUPHV� SRXU� pYHLOOHU� O·DWWHQWLRQ� GXIRUPDWHXU�TXL�QH�VXLYUD�SDV�QpFHVVDLUHPHQW�HQ�SHUPDQHQFH�O·DFWLYLWp�GX�JURXSH��

6LJQDORQV�TXHOTXHV�LQIRUPDWLRQV�SRXYDQW�rWUH�OH�VLJQH�G·XQ�PDO�IRQFWLRQQHPHQW�GH�JURXSH

∗ DEVHQFH�GH�FRPPXQLFDWLRQ�HQWUH�;�HW�<�

∗ DEVHQFH�GH�FRPPXQLFDWLRQ�HQWUH�GHV�;L�HW�<M�

∗ pYROXWLRQ� VHQVLEOH� GH� OD� FRPPXQLFDWLRQ� �QDWXUH�� HQWUH� ;� HW� <� SDU� UDSSRUW� j� OHXUV� KDELWXGHVFRPPXQLFDWLYHV��SURILO�HW�KLVWRULTXH��

,,������� /D FUpDWLYLWp GX JURXSH

/HV�UHFKHUFKHV�GH�)DXFKHX[�HW�0RVFRYLFL�>/DSDVVDGH����@�RQW�DPHQp�OHV�UpVXOWDWV�VXLYDQWV ��

�� /D� VXSpULRULWp� GX� JURXSH� GpSHQG� GX� W\SH� GH� WkFKH ��� O·LQWHUDFWLRQ� VRFLDOH� Q·HVW� SDV� XQHJDUDQWLH�GH�UHQGHPHQW�SOXV�pFRQRPLTXH�

��,O�\�D�XQ�HIIHW�SRVLWLI�GX�JURXSH�TXDQG�O·RUJDQLVDWLRQ�GH�OD�WkFKH�SHUPHW�XQH�FROODERUDWLRQGHV�PHPEUHV�� FROODERUDWLRQ� VXVFHSWLEOH� GH� UHQGUH� SOXV� IOH[LEOH� OD� SHUFHSWLRQ� GH� FKDFXQ� HW� GHFRQWU{OHU��JUkFH�DX[�UqJOHV�H[LVWDQWHV�OHXU�SURGXFWLRQ�

��'DQV�XQH�pSUHXYH�R��XQ�HIIHW�GH�JURXSH�HVW�SRVVLEOH�OHV�JURXSHV�VRQW�SOXV�RULJLQDX[�TXHOHV�LQGLYLGXV�

,,����/·+200(���-28(85

,,������/H�MHX���XQH�DFWLYLWp�LQQpH

,,������� /·KRPPH HVW XQ rWUH TXL UrYH HW TXL MRXH

'·DSUqV�0DUWLQH�0DXULUDV�%RXVTXHW �>(GLOXGH����@��MRXHU�HW�DSSUHQGUH�VRQW�GHX[�IDFHWWHV�GXPrPH�SKpQRPqQH��&H�VRQW�GHV�IRQFWLRQV�QDWXUHOOHV�GH�O·KRPPH�HQ�FRQVWUXFWLRQ�

'·XQ� DXWUH� F{Wp� 3LDJHW� SUpWHQGDLW� TXH� OH� UrYH� pWDLW� OH� MHX� GX� VRPPHLO� >(GLOXGH�� ��@"/RQJWHPSV�� OH� MHX� FRPPH� OH� UrYH� IXUHQW� DVVRFLpV� j� OD� IXWLOLWp�� j� O·LQXWLOH�� 2U� OD� ELRORJLHFRQWHPSRUDLQH�PRQWUH�TXH� MHX�HW�UrYH� MRXHQW�XQ�U{OH�PDMHXU�GDQV�QRWUH�pYROXWLRQ��5rYH�HW� MHXSHUPHWWHQW�DX�FHUYHDX�G·DOOHU�DX�ERXW�GH�VHV�SRVVLELOLWpV�

&·HVW�SDU� OH� MHX�TXH� O·RQ� LPLWH� O·DXWUH�HW�TXH��SDU�PLPpWLVPH�� O·RQ�DSSUHQG� OH� ODQJDJH�� OHVU{OHV�VRFLDX[��OHV�JHVWHV�WHFKQLTXHV�

/H� MHX� Q·D� SDV� SRXU� REMHFWLI� DIILFKp� �FRQVFLHQW�� G·DSSRUWHU� GHV� FRQQDLVVDQFHV�� PDLV� LOHQWUDvQH� j� FKHUFKHU� GHV� LQIRUPDWLRQV� HW� j� GpFRXYULU� HW� UpVRXGUH� GHV� SUREOqPHV� QRXYHDX[�� ,OSHUPHW� GRQF� G·DFFpGHU� ©�VDQV� GRXOHXU�ª� j� GHV� VDYRLUV�� HW� F·HVW� Oj� WRXWH� VD� IRUFH�� &·HVW� GDQVO·LQVRXFLDQFH�GX�MHX�TXH�O·RQ�SHXW�DSSUHQGUH�GH�QRXYHOOHV�VWUXFWXUHV�HW�IDLUH�GHV�V\QWKqVHV�

/D� QHXURFKLPLH� QRXV� SHPHW� G·HQWUHYRLU� j� TXRL� FRUUHVSRQG�� GDQV� OHV� PpFDQLVPHVQHXURQDX[��FH�GpOLFDW�pTXLOLEUH�G·DWWHQWLRQ�HW�GH�GpVLQYROWXUH�GDQV�FHW� DSSUHQWLVVDJH�UpXVVL��GHV� GRVHV� PLQLPHV� GH� ErWDFDUEROLQH�� XQH� SURWpLQH� GH� V\QWKqVH�� IDFLOLWHQW� OD� PpPRLUH� HQ

Page 25: 7DEOHGHVPDWLqUHV˛ - docinsa.insa-lyon.frdocinsa.insa-lyon.fr/these/1996/akkouche/chap2.pdf · verbal musicien spirituel emotions contacts humains les emotions le raisonnement)ljxuh

&+$3,75( ,,� /·+200( $335(1$17

��

DSSUHQWLVVDJH�� DORUV� TXH� GHV� GRVHV� SOXV� pOHYpHV� GH� FH� PrPH� SURGXLW� SURYRTXHQW� DQ[LpWp� RXSDQLTXH�>(GLOXGH����@�

,,������� 4X·HVW�FH TXH OH MHX "

6L� RQ� QRXV� GHPDQGH� G·H[SOLTXHU� OH�PRW� MHX�� OD� SUHPLqUH� GpPDUFKH� HVW� GH� FRQVXOWHU� OHGLFWLRQQDLUH�>SHWLW�52%(57����@��'DQV�FH�GHUQLHU��OH�WHUPH�MHX�GpVLJQH�DYDQW�WRXW�© �XQH�DFWLYLWpSK\VLTXH�RX�PHQWDOH�SXUHPHQW�JUDWXLWH�� TXL� Q·D�� GDQV� OD� FRQVFLHQFH� GH� OD� SHUVRQQH� TXL� V·\OLYUH��G·DXWUHV�EXWV�TXH�OH�SODLVLU�TX·HOOH�SURFXUH �ª��&HWWH�DFWLYLWp�Q·D�SDV�GH�FRQVpTXHQFH�SRXU�ODYLH�UpHOOH�FRPPH�OH�WUDGXLW�O·H[SUHVVLRQ�© �&H�Q·HVW�TX·XQ�MHX�ª�

/H� MHX� HVW� DXVVL� ©�FHWWH� DFWLYLWp� RUJDQLVpH� SDU� XQ� V\VWqPH� GH� UqJOHV� GpILQLVVDQW� XQVXFFqV�HW�XQ�pFKHF��XQ�JDLQ�HW�XQH�SHUWH �ª��/H�MHX�HVW�GRQF�FDUDFWpULVp�SDU�XQ�HQVHPEOH�GH�UqJOHVUpJLHV�SDU�OH�WHPSV�RX�O·HVSDFH��WDEOH�GH�MHX[��VDOOH�GH�MHX��WHUUDLQ�GH�MHX��

&H�PrPH�WHUPH�GpVLJQH�HQFRUH�FH�TXL�VHUW�j�MRXHU��MHX[�GH�TXLOOHV��MHX�G·pFKHFV���� ����&·HVWGRQF�XQ�DSSDUHLOODJH�FRPSOHW�DXTXHO�RQ�QH�SHXW�HQOHYHU�RX�UDMRXWHU�G·pOpPHQWV�VDQV�OH�IDXVVHU��&HTXL�UpYqOH�XQH�QRWLRQ�GH�WRWDOLWp�IHUPpH��FRPSOqWH�DX�GpSDUW�HW�LPPXDEOH�>*XHUDXG����@�

/H� MHX�VLJQLILH�HQILQ� OD�PDQLqUH�GRQW�RQ� MRXH� �XQ� MHX�KDELOH��SUXGHQW�� VXEWLO���&·HVW�XQHQVHPEOH�G·DWWLWXGHV�TXL�FRQFRXUHQW�j�XQ�HIIHW�© �VFpQLTXH�ª��/H�MRXHXU�HVW�OLp�SDU�GHV�UqJOHV�PDLVHVW� OLEUH�GH�PDQLIHVWHU�VD�SHUVRQQDOLWp��2Q�SHXW�© �MRXHU� IUDQF� MHX�ª�� ©�MRXHU�VHUUp�ª�RX�©�MRXHU�DXSOXV�ILQ�ª�

,O�HVW�SRVVLEOH�GH�FHUQHU�OD�QDWXUH�G·XQ�JUDQG�QRPEUH�GH�W\SHV�GH�MHX[�HQ�XWLOLVDQW�G·DXWUHVGpILQLWLRQV��PDLV�DXFXQH�QH�VHPEOH�OHV�SUHQGUH�WRXV�HQ�FRPSWH��(W�SRXUWDQW�LO�\�D� XQH�FHUWDLQHXQLWp�GHUULqUH�O·LGpH�GH�MHX��/H�FRQFHSW�GH�©�MHX�ª�HVW�SOXV�TX·XQH�DFFXPXODWLRQ�DUELWUDLUH�

$X�GHOj�GHV�DVSHFWV�SK\VLTXHV�GHV�MHX[��OHV�REMHFWLIV�SV\FKRORJLTXHV�UHQGHQW�SOXV�IDFLOH�GHWURXYHU�GHV�SURSULpWpV�FRPPXQHV�j�OD�SOXSDUW�GHV�MHX[�G·DGXOWHV ��

MHX���DFWLYLWp�DWWUD\DQWH�HW�GLYHUWLVVDQWH��GpOLEpUpPHQW�GpWDFKpH�GH�OD�YLH�UpHOOH�

&H�GHUQLHU� W\SH�GH�GpILQLWLRQ� WUDLWH�XQ� MHX�QRQ�SDV� FRPPH�XQ� W\SH�GH� FKRVH�REMHW��PDLVFRPPH�SURFHVVXV�PHQWDO��/D�SUHPLqUH�GpILQLWLRQ� �SHWLW�52%(57�� FRQWHQDLW� GpMj�GHV� pOpPHQWVSV\FKRORJLTXHV�FDFKpV�GDQV�OHV�WHUPHV�© �FRQVFLHQFH�ª��©�SODLVLU�ª��$LQVL�FRQVLGpUpV��SOXVLHXUV�W\SHVGH� MHX[� SDUDLVVHQW� EHDXFRXS� SOXV� VLPLODLUHV�� FDU� LOV� RQW� GHV� REMHFWLIV� FRPPXQV�� HQ� GpSLW� GH� ODJUDQGH�GLYHUVLWp�GH�OHXU�SUpVHQWDWLRQ��$SUqV�WRXW��LO�Q·\�D�YLUWXHOOHPHQW�DXFXQH�OLPLWH�j�OD�YDULpWpG·REMHWV� RX� VWUXFWXUHV� SK\VLTXHV�� TXH� O·RQ� SHXW� HPSOR\HU� SRXU� SDUYHQLU� j� XQH� PrPH� ILQSV\FKRORJLTXH�� HQ� O·RFFXUUHQFH�� VDYRLU� UHQGUH� XQH� DFWLYLWp� GLYHUWLVVDQWH�� ,O� VHUDLW� ELHQ� HQWHQGXGLIILFLOH�G·LQGLTXHU�WRXWHV�OHV�IRUPHV�SK\VLTXHV�SRVVLEOHV�GHV�MHX[�

(Q�DFFRUG�DYHF�0LQVN\�>0LQVN\����@�QRXV�QH�SRXYRQV�GRQF�SDV�GpILQLU� © �MHX�ª�VDQV�QRXVUpIpUHU�j�OD�IRLV�j�XQH�VWUXFWXUH�SK\VLTXH�HW�j�XQH�IRQFWLRQ�SV\FKRORJLTXH�

,,������� 7\SHV GH FRPSRUWHPHQWV HW W\SHV GH MHX[

/HV�WHUPHV�GH�MHX�HW�GH�OXGLTXH�UHFRXYUHQW�GHV�DFWLYLWpV�TXL�Q·RQW�SDUIRLV�HQ�FRPPXQ�TXHOHXU� QRP��$LQVL� O·DWKOqWH� TXL� FRQFRXUW� DX[� -HX[�2O\PSLTXHV� HQ� QH� FRPSWDQW� TXH� VXU� OXL� HW� OHMRXHXU� GH� URXOHWWH� TXL� V·DEDQGRQQH� WRXW� HQWLHU� j� OD� FKDQFH� RQW�LOV� �VHORQ� 5RJHU� &DLOORLV�� GHVFRPSRUWHPHQWV� WUqV�GLIIpUHQWV��'H�PrPH� OH� FRPSRUWHPHQW�GX� MRXHXU� VHUD�GLIIpUHQW� VHORQ�TX·LOV·DJLW� G·XQ� MHX� GH� U{OH�� G·XQ� MHX� GH� FRQVWUXFWLRQ�� G·XQ� SX]]OH� RX� G·XQ� MHX� GH� VLPXODWLRQ�� 2QFRQVWDWH�HQ�IDLW�TXH�OH�MHX�WLHQW�DYDQW�WRXW�GDQV�OH�MRXHXU�HW�GDQVVRQ�FRPSRUWHPHQW�SOXV�TXH�GDQVOH�VXSSRUW�RX�GDQV�OHV�pOpPHQWV�PDWpULHOV�GX�MHX�

>&DLOORLV����@�UHJURXSH�DLQVL�OHV�MHX[�VHORQ�OH�W\SH�GH� FRPSRUWHPHQW�LQGXLW�FKH]�OH�MRXHXU�

,O�GpILQLW���FDWpJRULHV�IRQGDPHQWDOHV ���FRPSpWLWLRQ��KDVDUG��VLPXODFUH�HW�YHUWLJH�

Page 26: 7DEOHGHVPDWLqUHV˛ - docinsa.insa-lyon.frdocinsa.insa-lyon.fr/these/1996/akkouche/chap2.pdf · verbal musicien spirituel emotions contacts humains les emotions le raisonnement)ljxuh

&+$3,75( ,,� /·+200( $335(1$17

��

• &RPSpWLWLRQ���OH�MRXHXU�QH�GRLW�FRPSWHU�TXH�VXU�VHV�SURSUHV�FDSDFLWpV��(OOH�LPSOLTXHGLVFLSOLQH�HW�SHUVpYpUDQFH�GDQV�XQ�FRPEDW�R��O·pJDOLWp�GHV�FKDQFHV�HVW�DUWLILFLHOOHPHQWFUppH��/H�MHX�G·pFKHF��OHV�PRWV�FURLVpV�����HQ�VRQW�GHV�H[HPSOHV�

• +DVDUG���OH�MRXHXU�FRPSWH�VXU�WRXW�H[FHSWp�VXU�OXL��/D�YLFWRLUH�HVW� LFL�IRQGpH�VXU�XQHGpFLVLRQ�LQGpSHQGDQWH�GX�MRXHXU��&LWRQV�OHV�MHX[�GH�GqV��OD�ORWHULH�����

• 6LPXODFUH���OH�MRXHXU�GHYLHQW�XQ�SHUVRQQDJH�LOOXVRLUH�HW�VH�FRQGXLW�HQ�FR QVpTXHQFH��,OD� OH�SODLVLU�G·rWUH�DXWUH�RX�GH�VH�IDLUH�SDVVHU�SRXU�DXWUH��DYHF�WRXWH� OD�PDvWULVH�HW� O·DUWTXH�FHOD�QpFHVVLWH��([HPSOHV�GH�MHX[ ���OHV�MHX[�GH�U{OH��FDUQDYDO�����

• 9HUWLJH��� LO� V·DJLW� GH� OD� SRXUVXLWH� GX� YHUWLJH� �UHFKHUFKH� GH� VHQVDWLRQ�� HW� OH� I DLW� GHV·DEDQGRQQHU� j� XQH� VRUWH� G·pWRXUGLVVHPHQW� TXL� DQpDQWLW� OD� UpDOLWp�� ([HPSOHV ��WRERJJDQ��PDQqJHV�����

'H�QRPEUHX[� MHX[� FRPELQHQW� j� GHV� GHJUpV� GLIIpUHQWV� FHV� �� FDWpJRULHV��$LQVL� OHV� MHX[� GHFRPSpWLWLRQ�HW�KDVDUG��GRQW�OH�MHX�GH�FDUWHV�HVW�XQH�LOOXVWUDWLRQ��IRQW�DSSHO�j�OD�IRLV�DX�KDVDUG�HWDX[�TXDOLWpV�GX�MRXHXU�

&RQFOXVLRQ���3RXU�DSSX\HU�OD�VXLWH�GH�QRWUH�UpIOH[LRQ�HW�MXJHU�GH�O·LQWpUrW�GX�OXGLTXH�HQIRUPDWLRQ�� LO� IDXW� GRQF� FRQVLGpUHU� OHV� MHX[� QRQ� GDQV� OHXU� DSSDUHQFH� RX� OHXU� SUpVHQWDWLRQ�PDLVGDQV�OD�PDQLqUH�GRQW�LOV�VRQW�PLV�HQ�±XYUH�j�WUDYHUV�OHV�FRPSRUWHPHQWV�LQGXLWV�FKH]�OH��RX�OHV�DSSUHQDQW�V��

,,������8Q�IDLW�GH�VRFLpWp���OHV�MHX[�LQIRUPDWLTXHV

/HV� MHX[� YLGpRV� �XWLOLVDQW� XQH� FRQVROH� VSpFLILTXH� RX� XQ� pFUDQ� GH� WpOpYLVLRQ�� RQW� pWp� OHVSUpFXUVHXUV�GHV�MHX[�VXU�RUGLQDWHXU�

/HV� SUHPLHUV� MHX[� LQIRUPDWLTXHV� Q·RQW� G·DLOOHXUV� pWp� TXH� OD� WUDQVSRVLWLRQ� GH� MHX[� YLGpRVH[LVWDQWV��&HFL� D�SHUPLV�G·H[SORLWHU� © �GHV�KLVWRLUHV� WRXWHV�SUrWHV�� GpMj� WHVWpHV� DXSUqV�G·XQ�JUDQGSXEOLF� GH� MHXQHV�� DX[� JUDSKLVPHV� GpILQLV� HW� DX[� RSWLRQV� HW� GpFOLQDLVRQV� FHUQpHV �ª>&KD]RXOH���@>*XHUDXG���@�

/H�SUHPLHU�REMHFWLI�pWDLW�G·XWLOLVHU�ELHQ�V�U�OD�SXLVVDQFH�GHV�RXWLOV�LQIRUPDWLTXHV�PDLV�DXVVL�GH� PDQLqUH� SOXV� VXEWLOH�� GH� GpP\WKLILHU� O·RUGLQDWHXU� DX[� \HX[� GX� JUDQG� SXEOLF�� SUpSDUDQW� VRQHQWUpH�GDQV� OHV� IR\HUV� DYHF�XQ�XVDJH�EDQDOLVp� HW� XQH� DFFHVVLELOLWp� j� WRXV��(Q�)UDQFH�� OHV� MHXQHVHQIDQWV��������DQV��FRQVDFUHQW�HQ�PR\HQQH��SUpV�G·XQH�KHXUH�SDU�MRXU�DX�MHX��8Q�WHPSV�GpFULpV�WURS� YLROHQWV�� QXLVLEOHV� DX� GpYHORSSHPHQW� LQWHOOHFWXHO� GHV� HQIDQWV��� OHV� VRFLRORJXHV� DGPHWWHQWDXMRXUG·KXL�TXH�OHV�MHX[�GH�VWUDWpJLH�GpYHORSSHQW�O·DSWLWXGH�j� UDLVRQQHU��TXH�OHV�MHX[�GH�FRPEDWGpYHORSSHQW�OHV�UpIOH[HV�HW�TXH�OHV�VLPXODWHXUV�IRQW�QDvWUH�GHV�TXDOLWpV�GH �PDvWULVH�GH�VRL�

7�:��0DORQH�>0DORQH����@�>*XHUDXG����@�GDQV�VRQ�pWXGH�GHV�DWWUDLWV�GHV�MHX[�VXU�RUGLQDWHXUWLUH�OD�FRQFOXVLRQ�TXH�SRXU�LQWpUHVVHU�OHV�MRXHXUV��XQ�MHX�VXU�RUGLQDWHXU�GRLW��DGDSWp�SDU�O·DXWHXU�� ��

/H MHX GRLW 0R\HQV XWLOLVpV �FDUDFWpULVWLTXHV�

3UpVHQWHU XQ GpIL • OHV EXWV QH VRQW SDV V�UHPHQW DWWHLQWV �GpSHQG GH O·KDELOHWp GX MRXHXU�

• SOXVLHXUV QLYHDX[ GH GLIILFXOWpV GRLYHQW rWUH SRVVLEOHV

• OH MRXHXU D OD SRVVLELOLWp GH JpQpUHU GHV EXWV GH GLIILFXOWpV DSSURSULpHV

• LO \ D XQH SDUW GH KDVDUG �LPSRVVLELOLWp GH SUpGLFWLRQ G·pYROXWLRQ GX VFpQDULR�

• O·LQIRUPDWLRQ HVW FDFKpH� (OOH VHUD GRQQpH SDU SHWLWHV GRVHV

• OHV EXWV j FRXUW WHUPH VRQW VXSpULHXUV DX[ EXWV j ORQJ WHUPH �JDUGHU OD

PRWLYDWLRQ�

Page 27: 7DEOHGHVPDWLqUHV˛ - docinsa.insa-lyon.frdocinsa.insa-lyon.fr/these/1996/akkouche/chap2.pdf · verbal musicien spirituel emotions contacts humains les emotions le raisonnement)ljxuh

&+$3,75( ,,� /·+200( $335(1$17

��

• OHV EXWV GLVFRQWLQXV PRWLYHQW GDYDQWDJH OHV MRXHXUV

8WLOLVHU XQH ¶IDQWDLVLH· • pYRTXHU GHV REMHWV RX VLWXDWLRQV YDULDQW GX SRVVLEOH j O·LPSRVVLEOH

• IDYRULVHU OD IDQWDLVLH H[WULQVqTXH SDU GHV LQWHUIDFHV PpWDSKRULTXHV �FI� ,9���

• IDYRULVHU OD IDQWDLVLH LQWULQVqTXH HQ SUpVHQWDQW YLVXHOOHPHQW OHV EXWV DILQ TXH

OHV DFWLRQV GX MRXHXU DLHQW XQ HIIHW GLUHFW� ORJLTXH HW FRQVWUXFWLI TXL O·DPqQH j

DPpOLRUHU VHV SHUIRUPDQFHV HW VWLPXOHU VRQ DGUHVVH

• DGDSWHU OD IDQWDLVLH DX JR�W HW j O·KXPHXU GX MRXHXU �FI� ,,����

(YHLOOHU SXLV VDWLVIDLUH OD

FXULRVLWp GX MRXHXU• VDWLVIDLUH XQH FXULRVLWp VHQVRULHOOH �SDU OD OXPLqUH� OH VRQ� OHV HIIHWV

DXGLRYLVXHOV GH UHQIRUFHPHQW �����

• pYHLOOHU XQH FXULRVLWp FRJQLWLYH HQ V·DWWDFKDQW j PDLQWHQLU pYHLOOpH OD FXULRVLWp

GX MRXHXU SDU XQH YLVLRQ LQFRPSOqWH GHV FKRVHV� SDU OD QRXYHDXWp� OD

FRPSOH[LWp� O·HIIHW GH VXUSULVH� O·LQFRQJUXLWp� OH PDQTXH DSSDUHQW GH

FRKpUHQFH� ���

7DEOHDX ���� /HV MHX[ VXU RUGLQDWHXU G·DSUqV 7�:� 0DORQH >0DORQH� ��@

,,����&21&/86,21

2Q�QH�SHXW�SUpWHQGUH�FRQFHYRLU�GHV�V\VWqPHV�G·DSSUHQWLVVDJH��GHVWLQpV�IRQGDPHQWDOHPHQWj�O·KRPPH�HW�j�OD�FRQVWUXFWLRQ�GH�VRQ�VDYRLU��VDQV�O·DYRLU�REVHUYp�HW�PRGpOLVp�VXU�O·HQVHPEOH�GHVIDFHWWHV�PLVHV�HQ�MHX�ORUV�GH�FH�SURFHVVXV��&·HVW�j�OD�OXPLqUH�GH�FHV�PRGqOHV�TXH�OHV�DUFKLWHFWXUHVGHV�HQYLURQQHPHQWV�G·DSSUHQWLVVDJH��TXH�OHV�PLVHV�HQ�VLWXDWLRQ�SURSRVpHV��TXH�OHV�LQWHUIDFHV�+��0�GRLYHQW�rWUH�FRQoXHV��/D�PpFRQQDLVVDQFH��RX�O·RXEOL�GH�FHV�GLPHQVLRQV�UHQGUDLHQW�WRXW�V\VWqPHLQDGpTXDW�HW�LQXWLOLVp��VL�ULFKH�TXH�SXLVVH�SDUDvWUH�O·LQIRUPDWLRQ�GRQW�OHV�DXWHXUV�RQW�YRXOX�TXH�OHV\VWqPH�VRLW�SRUWHXU�

$YDQW�GH�SRXUVXLYUH�FH�GpYHORSSHPHQW� �FI��FKDS�� ,9�HW�9���DUUrWRQV�QRXV� VXU� OD�GHUQLqUHIDFHWWH�DERUGpH��FHOOH�GH� O·KRPPH��� MRXHXU��&·HVW�XQH�GLPHQVLRQ�SUpJQDQWH�GHV�HQYLURQQHPHQWVG·DSSUHQWLVVDJH�TXH�QRXV�GpYHORSSRQV�� WDQW�DX�QLYHDX�GH� O·LQWHUIDFH�+�0��TXH�GH� O·DUFKLWHFWXUHGHV�VFqQHV�HW�VFpQDULRV��RX�PrPH�TXH�GH�FHOOH�GX�JHVWLRQQDLUH�G·DSSUHQWLVVDJH��FI��MHWRQV�GH�OD�ILJ�������1RXV�DOORQV�GRQF�\�FRQVDFUHU�OH�SURFKDLQ�FKDSLWUH�TXL�GpYHORSSHUD�OHV�VLWXDWLRQV�GH�MHX�DYHFWRXW�OHXU�FRUWqJH�SpGDJRJLTXH�HW�OHXU�GpFOLQDLVRQ�HQ�MHX�GH�U{OH���MHX�G·HQWUHSULVH�