6th Grade Chapter 12-energy

EnergyEnergy

Chapter 12Chapter 12

EnergyEnergy Energy is the ability to cause change. It Energy is the ability to cause change. It

could change temperature, speed, position, could change temperature, speed, position, shape or direction of an object.shape or direction of an object.

There are many different types of energy. There are many different types of energy. There is heat energy in the form of light.There is heat energy in the form of light.

There is chemical energy in the form of There is chemical energy in the form of food. There is mechanical energy when you food. There is mechanical energy when you drive your car.drive your car.

When you use energy to change things, When you use energy to change things, the energy used often changes as well. An the energy used often changes as well. An example is when the chemical energy in example is when the chemical energy in fireworks turn into light and heat energy.fireworks turn into light and heat energy.

EnergyEnergy Whenever energy changes its called Whenever energy changes its called

an energy transformation.an energy transformation. This occurs in your bodies also. This occurs in your bodies also.

When you eat pasta or a big Mac you When you eat pasta or a big Mac you are eating chemical energy.are eating chemical energy.

When your muscles contract you use When your muscles contract you use the chemical energy and turn it into the chemical energy and turn it into heat energy so that you can play and heat energy so that you can play and run around.run around.

That is why you get warm when you That is why you get warm when you play and eventually sweat.play and eventually sweat.

EnergyEnergy

Fats are a macromolecule that Fats are a macromolecule that contain the most energy. They contain the most energy. They contain 3x more energy than sugars. contain 3x more energy than sugars.

Our bodies do not use fats our first Our bodies do not use fats our first source of energy though because they source of energy though because they are hard to break down.are hard to break down.

We use sugars and carbohydrates first We use sugars and carbohydrates first because they breakdown much because they breakdown much easier.easier.

Potential & Kinetic EnergyPotential & Kinetic Energy

These two energy types deal with motion.These two energy types deal with motion. Kinetic energyKinetic energy is the energy of motion. An is the energy of motion. An

object which has motion - whether it be object which has motion - whether it be vertical or horizontal motion - has kinetic vertical or horizontal motion - has kinetic energy. energy.

Everything that moves has a different amount Everything that moves has a different amount of kinetic energy, and it all depends on the of kinetic energy, and it all depends on the mass and speed of the object.mass and speed of the object.

What would have more kinetic energy, a car What would have more kinetic energy, a car going 5mph, or a lion running at 5mph?going 5mph, or a lion running at 5mph?

The car, b/c it has a lot more mass then a The car, b/c it has a lot more mass then a lion.lion.

Potential & Kinetic EnergyPotential & Kinetic Energy Potential Energy- is considered to be stored Potential Energy- is considered to be stored

energy in an object. When a boulder is held energy in an object. When a boulder is held at the top of the hill but is not moving it has at the top of the hill but is not moving it has potential energy.potential energy.

Its has potential to roll down the hill at a Its has potential to roll down the hill at a certain speed. Once the rock does roll down certain speed. Once the rock does roll down the hill, the potential energy transforms into the hill, the potential energy transforms into kinetic energy.kinetic energy.

Potential energy goes to kinetic energy when Potential energy goes to kinetic energy when something acts to release the stored energy.something acts to release the stored energy.

The more potential energy something has the The more potential energy something has the more kinetic energy it will have.more kinetic energy it will have.

Potential & Kinetic EnergyPotential & Kinetic Energy

A good example is a pendulum on a A good example is a pendulum on a clock. If you pull the pendulum and clock. If you pull the pendulum and hold it you are creating potential hold it you are creating potential energy.energy.

When you let go, the pendulum swings When you let go, the pendulum swings and turns the potential energy into and turns the potential energy into kinetic energy.kinetic energy.

The farther back you pull the The farther back you pull the pendulum the more kinetic energy will pendulum the more kinetic energy will be made when you release it to swing.be made when you release it to swing.

Kinetic EnergyKinetic Energy Kinetic energy can be transferred Kinetic energy can be transferred

from one object to another, when from one object to another, when objects interact with each other.objects interact with each other.

An example is when you throw a An example is when you throw a bowling ball toward the pins. When bowling ball toward the pins. When the ball interacts the pins, the move the ball interacts the pins, the move and the energy from the ball is and the energy from the ball is transferred to the pins.transferred to the pins.

When the ball gives some of its When the ball gives some of its kinetic energy to the pins the ball kinetic energy to the pins the ball actually looses energy, and slows actually looses energy, and slows down.down.

H.W. pg 327 ques 1-4H.W. pg 327 ques 1-4

Thermal EnergyThermal Energy

Thermal energy deals with the transfer of Thermal energy deals with the transfer of heat energy. heat energy.

When you go out in the cold and than When you go out in the cold and than have a cup of hot cocoa the cocoa warms have a cup of hot cocoa the cocoa warms you up because of its high thermal energy. you up because of its high thermal energy.

Thermal energy moves from objects that Thermal energy moves from objects that are warmer to ones that are cooler.are warmer to ones that are cooler.

The thermal energy that moves from the The thermal energy that moves from the warmer object to the cooler one is what warmer object to the cooler one is what we call heat.we call heat.

Thermal EnergyThermal Energy

We base our temperatures on thermal We base our temperatures on thermal energy. Normal body temp is 98.6 C, if energy. Normal body temp is 98.6 C, if you were sick it might be 102 C. you were sick it might be 102 C.

This means that the molecules in your This means that the molecules in your body are causing more thermal energy body are causing more thermal energy than normal.than normal.

We measure temperature with We measure temperature with thermometers and we have 2 different thermometers and we have 2 different scales: Fahrenheit and Celsius.scales: Fahrenheit and Celsius.

Fahrenheit and CelsiusFahrenheit and Celsius

Celsius is the metric systems way of Celsius is the metric systems way of calculating temperature. It is based upon calculating temperature. It is based upon the temperature characteristics of water.the temperature characteristics of water.

This scale calls the freezing point of 0This scale calls the freezing point of 0o o C C and its boiling point is called 100and its boiling point is called 100oo C. C.

Fahrenheit is also known as the British Fahrenheit is also known as the British measurement of temperature. It has measurement of temperature. It has water freezing at 32water freezing at 32o o F and boiling at 212F and boiling at 212oo F.F.

How Thermal energy movesHow Thermal energy moves

When you bake a cake the thermal When you bake a cake the thermal energy of your oven moves and energy of your oven moves and heats up the kitchen. Thermal heats up the kitchen. Thermal energy moves in thre ways.energy moves in thre ways.

Radiation- this is thermal energy that Radiation- this is thermal energy that moves away from its source in all moves away from its source in all directions in the forms of waves. Ex: directions in the forms of waves. Ex: The suns energy and a microwave The suns energy and a microwave oven uses radiation to heat things oven uses radiation to heat things with thermal energy.with thermal energy.

How Thermal energy movesHow Thermal energy moves Conduction- is the transfer of thermal Conduction- is the transfer of thermal

energy from one molecule to another. energy from one molecule to another. If you put a spoon into a hot bowl of soup, If you put a spoon into a hot bowl of soup,

the spoon will get warmer because it the spoon will get warmer because it conducts heat from the hot soup.conducts heat from the hot soup.

Convection- is the transfer of thermal Convection- is the transfer of thermal energy from one place to another in a gas energy from one place to another in a gas or liquid form. An ex: is the wind. Wind or liquid form. An ex: is the wind. Wind can move radiation energy from the sun can move radiation energy from the sun across a body of water and cause the across a body of water and cause the water to be heated.water to be heated.

H.W. pg 342 ques. 1-10H.W. pg 342 ques. 1-10