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Hflp Ibdsrbibkw
Gr+ Djbudwn S+ _bgg~
Gbuw+ Onlwbcaklf+ Bkxnrlk+ Scn+
Wadudr Rknxbrsnw~
Udwndfd !URKMDO. 470 557
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Lombcwnxbs lh hflp ibdsrbibkws
Wl gbwbrinkb
cabincdf glsd`b wl wab wrbdwibkw knws
dnr suuf~ wl dbrdwnlk odsnks
sfg`b rbc~cfnk` dkg sfg`b pdswd`b rdwbs wl wabonlfl`ncdf rbdcwlrs
Wl tdkwnh~ hflps lh
pdwbr nk swrbdis nk swrbdis dkg rnxbrs
pdswbpdwbr nk sbpbrs dkg pdswbpdwbr grdnks
Wl hdcnfnwdwb hflp urlulrwnlkdwbg sdiufnk` lh pdwbr
Wl urlxngb gdnf~ hflp rbclrgs rbtnrbg o~ rb`fdwlr~d`bkcnbs
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Hflp
Wnib
Hflp ululwnlkdwbg sdiufnk`
Odsb Hflp
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Odsnc w~ubs lh hflp Ibdsrbibkw
Gnhhbrbkwndf Urbssrb Hflpibwbrs
Xbflcnw~ Hflpibwbrs
Ulsnwnxb Gnsufdcbibkw Hflpibwbrs
Idss Hflpibwbrs
Lubk Cadkkbf Hflpibwbrs
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Gnhhbbkwndf ubssrb hflpibwbs Lrnhncb ufdwbs& xbkwrn wobs dkg hflp kl}}fbs
Odsbg lk obrklffns btdwnlk
urbssrb grlu lxbr dk loswrcwnlk nksbrwbg nk wab hflp ns
sbg ds odsns hlr hflp ibdsrbibkw
Lnhncb ufdwbs
sadru bg`b ufdwb !wl wab uswrbdi sngb.
sniufb ( cabdu ow ullr dccrdc~ dw flp hflps
Xbkwrn wrobs
Urbhbrrbg hlr an`a wrk)glpk dwbs !45=4. lr flpurbssrb grlus
Hflp crlss sbcwnlk drbd ns rbgcbg nk wab hflp udwa& hlr
`bkbrdwnk` urbssrb gnhhbrbkcb& dkg wabk nkcrbdsbg& hlr
urbssrb rbclxbr~ !15" urbssrb rbclxbrbg.
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Hflp kl}}fbs dkg slknc kl}}fbs
sbg sdff~ hlr dnr dkg `ds hflp sniufb dkg cabdu
wrk glpk rdwb dkg dccrdc~ drb cliudrdofb wl lrnhncbufdwbs
Urbssrb grlu dcrlss clkswrncwbg drbd ns idqniihlr lrnhncb ufdwbs ( inknii hlr xbkwrn wobs
Gnhhbbkwndf ubssrb hflpibwbs
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@bkbdfn}bg hflp loswrcwnlk nk d unub
U4 U?
X4
4 ?
Obrklffn btdwnlk obwpbbk 4 dkg ?=
Clkwnknw~ btdwnlk obwpbbk 4 dkg ?= ??44 XDXDT 99
Y.D,!D)Z4
.UU!?X
?
4?
?4ngbdf&?
9
5?
.XX!.UU! ?4?
?4?
9
*
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Lnhncb Ibwb
Wans w~ub lh ibwbr clksnsws lh d wank hfdw ufdwb pnwa d cnrcfdr alfb grnffbg
nk nws cbkwbr+ Nw ns xbr~ sniufb& nkbqubksnxb dkg bds~ wl nkswdff& ow nw cdk
cdsb sn`knhncdkw urbssrb grlus+
U4 U?
X4
4 ?
Hrlkw xnbp lh
lrnhncb ufdwb
Y.D,!D)Z4
.UU!?CX
?
4?
?4?
9
Pabrb C ns wab gnscadr`b
clbhhncnbkw
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Lrnhncb Ibwbr Ibdsrbs gnhhbrbkwndf urbssrb
Bds~ wl nkswdff dkg hdorncdwb
Dgxdkwd`bs= fbdsw bqubksnxb lh dff gnhhbrbkwndf urbssrb gbxncbsdkg `llg dccrdc~ !4".
Gnsdgxdkwd`bs= fbdsw bhhncnbkw& an`a abdg flss& bds~ cfl` nk`& dkg
kdrrlp rdk`b lh hflps !7=4.
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U4 U?
Y.D,!D)Z4
.UU!?CX
?
4?
?4?
9
Xbkwrn Ibwb
Clksnsws lh d clkncdf clkwrdcwnlk& d salrw c~fnkgrncdf warldw dkg d
clkncdf bqudksnlk Hfng ns dccbfbrdwbg o~ obnk` udssbg warl`a wab clkxbr`nk`
clkb
D rbfndofb hflp ibdsrnk` gbxncb wadw cdsbs fnwwfb urbssrb grlu
Rsbg pngbf~ udrwncfdrf~ hlr fdr`b fntng dkg `ds hflps
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Ibdsrbs gnhhbrbkwndf urbssrb
Dccrdc~= 4": rdk`b= 7=4
Xbkwrn Ibwb
http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.rbpump.com/WebPictures/Flowmeter1.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.rbpump.com/UL-FMAPPROVALS/FLOWMETERS1.htm&h=347&w=535&sz=46&hl=ko&start=18&um=1&tbnid=XaYxLYr71kwxPM:&tbnh=86&tbnw=132&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dventuri%2Bmeter%26svnum%3D10%26um%3D1%26hl%3Dko%26rls%3Dcom.microsoft:ko:IE-SearchBox%26rlz%3D1I7SUNA%26sa%3DNhttp://www.cwru.edu/artsci/phys/courses/demos/giff/ventirui.gif8/14/2019 6a Flow Measurement
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Kl}}fb Ibwb
U4
U
?
Y.D,!D)Z4
.UU!?CX
?4?
?4?
9
Ibdsrb gnhhbrbkwndf urbssrb
D Xbkwrn ibwbr pnwalw wab gnxbr`nk` rbclxbr~ sbcwnlk Fbss bqubksnxb wadk Xbkwrn ibwbr ow an`abr abdg flss
Dccrdc~= 6 4": rdk`b= 7=4
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Xbrwncdff~ lrnbkwbg `fdss,ufdswnc wob pnwa fdr`br bkgupdrg dkg pnwa d ibwbrnk` hfldw hrbbf~ ilxnk` pnwank
Hflp cdsbs hfldw wl rnsb kwnf dkkfdr sudcb obwpbbkwab hfldw dkg wab wob ns shhncnbkw wl dfflp d swdwb lhg~kdinc btnfnorni obwpbbk updrg gnhhbrbkwndfurbssrb dkg ol~dkc~ hdcwlrs& dkg glpkpdrg`rdxnw~ hdcwlrs
Abn`aw lh wab hfldw nkgncdwbs hflp rdwb wob ns
cdfnordwbg dkg `rdgdwbg wl hdcnfnwdwb hflpibdsrbibkw
Wrkglpk rdwnl ns uwl 4?=4 dkg dccrdc~ ns ds `llgds 4" lh wab hff scdfb rdwnk`
Xdndofb dbd hflpibwbs
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_lwdibwb
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Hflp ns cdfcfdwbg o~ ibdsrnk` subbg nk wab hflp dwlkb lr ilrb ulnkws
Unwlw wrobs Rsb ns rbswrncwbg wl ulnkw ibdsrbibkw
Wronkb hflpibwb
Hfng hflpnk` warl`a d unub dcws lk xdkbs lh d wronkb
dkg rlwdwb nw dkg wab rlwdwnlkdf subbg ns sbg ds odsnshlr hflp ibdsrbibkw
Wrkglpk rdwnl ns ;455=4 dkg dccrdc~ ns 5+4"
Xbflcnw~ hflpibwbs
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Bfbcwlid`kbwnc hflpibwb
Hfng hflp warl`a d id`kbwnc hnbfg nkgcbs xlfwd`b
Id`kbwnc hnbfg ns crbdwbg o~ bkbr`n}bg clnfs lwsngb wabhflp wob
xlfwd`b urlgcbg !urlulrwnlkdf wl hflp rdwb. nsibdsrbg hflp ibdsrbibkw
Rsbg hlr gnhhncfw dkg clrrlsnxb fntngs dkg sfrrnbs
ibdsrbs hflp nk olwa gnrbcwnlks pnwa btdf dccrdc~ An`a ulpbr clksink` dkg hflpnk` fntng salfg ob
clkgcwlr
Xbflcnw~ hflpibwbs
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Rfwdslknc Gluufb hflpibwb
Hrbtbkc~ lh rbhfbcwbg sn`kdf ns ilgnhnbg o~ wabxbflcnw~ dkg gnrbcwnlk lh wab hfng hflp
nh wab hfng ns ilxnk` wlpdrgs d wrdksgcbr hrbtbkc~ lhwab rbwrknk` ns nkcrbdsbg dkg lwabrpnsb nw ns gbcrbdsbg
Wab hrbtbkc~ gnhhbrbkcb !rbhfbcwbg hrbtbkc~ inkswab lrn`nkdwnk` hrbtbkc~. ns sbg wl cdfcfdwb hfng hflpsubbg
Xbflcnw~ hflpibwbs
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Wab Unwlw)Swdwnc Wrob
U4&X4 Swd`kdwnlk
Ulnkw X?95
4 ?
U4
ns d Swdwnc urbssrb= Nw
ns ibdsrbg o~ d gbxncb!swdwnc wob. wadw cdsbs klxbflcnw~ cadk`b wl wab hflp+Wans ns sdff~ dccliufnsabgo~ grnffnk` d sidff alfb
klridf wl d pdff dflk` pancawab hfng ns hflpnk`+
U?
ns d Swd`kdwnlk
urbssrb=Nw ns wab urbssrbibdsrbg o~ dk lubk)bkgbg wob hdcnk` wab hflpgnrbcwnlk+ Sca d gbxncb nscdffbg d Unwlw wob+
U?
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Unwlw)Swdwnc wrob
Obrklffn btdwnlk obwpbbk 4 dkg ?=
5?
.XX!.UU! ?4?
?4?
9
*
!_bcdff wadw ulsnwnlk ? ns d swd`kdwnlk ulnkw= X?9 5.
?,4
4?4
.UU!?X
9
Pb cdk ibdsrb urbssrbs U4 dkg U? snk` a~grlswdwncs=
U49Udwi * `a4& U?9Udwi * `a?
lr snk` d Urbssrb @d`b
?
44?X
?
4UU *9
Swd`kdwnlk Urbssrb ns an`abr wadk
Swdwnc Urbssrb
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Wronkb HflpibwbsWronkb Hflpibwbs
Rsbs d ifwnufb)ofdgbg rlwlr!wronkb. ilkwbg pnwank d
unub& ubrubkgncfdr wl hflp
Fninwbg wl unubs rkknk` hff&kgbr urbssrb& dkg fntngsflp nk ssubkgbg slfngs
Bqcbffbkw dccrdc~ !5+?2".dkg d `llg rdk`b lh hflps!45=4.
Wab rlwdwnlkdf subbg ns d
gnrbcw hkcwnlk lh xlfib hflprdwb+
Wab ibwbr hdcwlr J ns hlkgo~ gnrbcw cdfnordwnlk+
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Hflp _dwb Ibdsrbibkw
Swd`b
lrGbuw
a
Gnscad`b& T
_dwnk` Crxb
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Bfbcwrlid`kbwnc Ibwbr Hdrdgd~s fdp= d xlfwd`b
urlgcbg o~ udssnk` dclkgcwlr warl`a d id`kbwnchnbfg ns urlulrwnlkdf wl wabxbflcnw~ lh wab clkgcwlr!pdswbpdwbr.
Dgxdkwd`bs= `llg dccrdc~!4{?".& cdudofb lh ibdsrnk`fdr`b rdk`b lh hflps !45=4.& klabdg flss& dkg kdhhbcwbg o~wbiubrdwrb& clkgcwnxnw~&
xnsclsnw~& wrofbkcb& dkgssubkgbg slfngs
Gnsdgxdkwd`bs= an`a nknwndf clswdkg kbbg hlr wrdnkbg ubrslkkbfwl adkgfb rlwnkb L(I
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Rfwdslknc Hflpibwbs
Rfwrdslknc hflpibwbrs cdk obgnxngbg nkwl Gluufbr ibwbrs dkgwnib)lh)wrdxbf ibwbrs+
Gluufbr ibwbrs ibdsrb hrbtbkc~
sanhw cdsbg o~ fntng hflp+ ?wrdksgcbrs drb ilkwbg nk dcdsb+ Wab hrbtbkc~ sanhw nsurlulrwnlkdf wl wab fntng xbflcnw~+
Wnib)lh)wrdxbf ibwbrs adxb ?
wrdksgcbrs ilkwbg lk bdcasngb lh wab unub+ D wnibgnhhbrbkcb urlulrwnlkdf wl wabhflp cdk ob gbwbcwbg+
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Rsb urbcnsnlk hnwwbg rlwlrs ds hflp ibdsrnk` bfbibkws
Snkcb jklpk dkg hnqbg xlfibs drb gnsufdcbg& rlwdwnlk lhrlwlr nk wabsb ibwbrs ns urlulrwnlkdf wl wab xlfib lh hfnggnsufdcbg
Kiobr lh rlwdwnlks drb clkwbg o~ dk nkwb`rdf bfbcwrlkncufsb wrdksinwwbr dkg clkxbrwbg wl xlfib dkg hflp rdwb
@llg hlr rbfdwnxbf~ klkdordsnxb hfngs fnjb& forncdwnk` lnfs&
ulf~ibr dggnwnxbs& hdws& urnkwnk` nkj& hrblk& bwc+. Dccrdc~ ns u wl 5+4" lh hff rdwb dkg wrk glpk rdwnl ns
05=4
Ulsnwnxb gnsufdcbibkw hflpibwbs
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_bcnurlcdwnk` unswlk ibwbrs
_lwdr~ xdkb ibwbrs
adxb rlwdwnk` niubffbrs pnwawpl lr ilrb btdff~ gnxngbgcliudrwibkws
hnqbg xlfib lh fntng nsspbuw lw warl`a wabibwbr hrli bdcacliudrwibkw ds niubffbr
rlwdwbs
Ulsnwnxb gnsufdcbibkw
hflpibwbs
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Pbnrs!_bcwdk`fdr& Cnulffbwwn&Wrndk`fdr& lr X)Klwca.
Abdg lxbr wab pbnr nsibdsrbg o~ d hfldw& allj`d`b& lr fbxbf sbkslr
Ibdsrb wab hflp nk lubkcadkkbfs
Dccrdc~= 2": rdk`b=255=4
Dgxdkwd`bs= rbfdwnxbf~dccrdwb& sniufb wl nkswdff&
dkg nkbqubksnxb Gnsdgxdkwd`bs= fdr`b
dilkws lh abdg flss dkgsbwwfnk` lh slfngs uswrbdilh wab pbnr dkg ilrb
idnkwbkdkcb
U a ff Hf
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Udsadff Hfrib Clksnsws lh d clkxbr`nk`
sbcwnlk& d warldw& dkg dgnxbr`nk` sbcwnlk
Sbfh)cfbdknk` dkg sidffabdgflss
Clkxbrws gbuwa rbdgnk`s wlgnscadr`b snk` d cdfnordwnlk
crxb Fbss dccrdwb !2{45".
_dk`b= 45=4 { 02=4
Hfldw dcwdwbgfbxbf rbclrgbr
http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://cucuchucho.sdsu.edu/cucuchucho04.jpg&imgrefurl=http://cucuchucho.sdsu.edu/cucuchucho04.html&h=536&w=800&sz=122&hl=ko&start=163&um=1&tbnid=GlQiCXVbmFfUUM:&tbnh=96&tbnw=143&prev=/images%3Fq%3DParshall%2BFlume%26start%3D160%26ndsp%3D20%26svnum%3D10%26um%3D1%26hl%3Dko%26rls%3Dcom.microsoft:ko:IE-SearchBox%26rlz%3D1I7SUNA%26sa%3DN8/14/2019 6a Flow Measurement
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Udfibr)Olpfs Hfib Crbdwbs cadk`b nk hflp udwwbrk o~ gbcrbdsnk` pngwa lh wab
cadkkbf pnwalw cadk`nk` nws sflub+
Nkswdffbg nk d sbpbr dw d idkalfb panca cdsbs wab odcj)u lhwab pdwbr nk wab cadkkbf+
O~ ibdsrnk` wab uswrbdi gbuwa& wab gnscadr`b ns rbdg hrli d
cdfnordwnlk crxb+ Flpbr abdg flss wadk wab Udrsadff hfib
Fbss dccrdwb !2{45".
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Hflp Ibwbnk` Gbxncbs nkPdswbpdwb Wbdwibkw Hdcnfnwnbs
_dp Urnidr~ Sbclkgdr~ Urnidr~ _bwrk Wancjbkbg Inqbg Urlcbss
Ibwbrnk` gbxncb PP bhhfbkw bhhfbkw sfg`b sfg`b sfg`b fntlr pdwbr
Hlr lubk cadkkbfsAbdg,drbdHfib q q q qPbnr q q q
LwabrId`kbwnc !nksbrw w~ub. q
Hlr cflsbg clkgnwsAbdg,urbssrbHflp wob qd qd q qd qd qd&o q qLrnhncb qUnwlw wob q_lwdibwbr qXbkwrn qd qd q qd qd qd q
Ilxnk` hfng bhhbcwsId`kbwnc !wob w~ub.\ q q q q q q qRfwrdslknc !gluufbr. q q q qc
Rfwrdslknc !wrdksinssnlk. q q qXlrwbq sabggnk` q q q
Ulsnwnxb gnsufdcbibkwUrlubffbr qWronkb q q
d Hfsank` lr gnduard`i sbdfbg clkkbcwnlks rbcliibkgbgo Rsb pnwa nk)fnkb rbcnurlcdwnk` uius klw rbcliibkgbgc Slfngs clkwbkw 6 7"
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Sbfbcwnlk Crnwbrnd
Sbfbcwnlk Crnwbrnd
W~ub lh duufncdwnlk= lubk cadkkbf,cflsbg clkgnws
Urlubr sn}nk`= rdk`b lh hflp
Hfng cliulsnwnlk= cliudwnonfnw~& slfngs& udssd`b
Dccrdc~ !". dkg rbubdwdonfnw~
Abdgflss lr a~grdfnc abdg dxdnfdofb
Nkswdffdwnlk rbtnrbibkws= swrdn`aw fbk`wa& dccbssnonfnw~&gnsclkkbcwnlk ibwalg
Lubrdwnk` bkxnrlkibkw= bquflsnlk urllh& rbsnswdkcb wlilnswrb dkg clrrlsnxb `dsbs& wbiu+ rdk`b
Bdsb lh idnkwbkdkcb= urlxnsnlk hlr hfsank`,rlggnk`
Clsw
W~ub dkg dccbssnonfnw~ lh wab clkgnw
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