6.3 Malnutrition

Malnutrition

Nigerian Children Suffering from Malnutrition

Malnourished Child

Can you explain the picture??

What is Malnutrition???

Malnutrition is a result of a dietary

condition when a person eat less or more than what the body require.

Lack of Protein

kwashiorkorStomach bloated, growth of body and brain retarded, no appetite for food, weak body.

Marasmus Very thin, wrinkled skin

Lack of Vitamin D, calcium, phosphorusRickets (children)

Stunted growth of bones and teeth, weak bones

Lack of Vitamin B12, Ferum

AnemiaPeople with anemia do not have enough red blood cells to adequately supply body tissues with oxygen

Lack of Vitamin CScurvySwollen, Bleeding gums, tooth loss.

Lack of Calcium

0steoporosis (aged adults:

Brittle bones which are easily broken

Lack of Vitamin B1Beri-beri : Swollen legs and ankles,numness in hands, muscular pain and cramps, fatigue, loss of appetiate.

Lack of Vitamin A

Night blindness Poor night vision

Xerophthalmia: Cornea dry and opaque

Lack of Vitamin B3

PellagraDermatitis (skin becomes red and inflamed), diarrhoea and mental disorder

Lack of Iodine

Goiter ( adult) :

Enlarged thyroid glands

Cretinism ( children):

Physical and mental are easily broken

Lack of Sodium

Muscular crampsSudden and painful contraction of muscles

Nutrient Effect of deficiency

Protein kwashiorkor

Vitamin A•Night blindness•Xerophthalmia

Vitamin B1

Beri-beri

Vitamin B3

Pellagra

Vitamin B12 ,Iron Anaemia

Vitamin C Scurvy

Vitamin DCalcium

• Ricket (children)• Osteoporosis (aged adults)

Iodine•Goitre (adults)•Cretinism(children)

Sodium Muscular cramps

ObesityExcessive of Carbohydrates and lipid

Obesity which may lead to high blood pressure, diabetes mellitus, heart diseases, cancer

Dental caries

Taking too much sugar can lead to what disease? Diabetes mellitus The presence of excess glucose raise

the blood glucose level The body does not have sufficient

insulin to convert excess glucose to glycogen.

Liver damageExcessive Vitamin AHair loss, joint pain, loss of appetite.

High dose of vitamin D Overload of calcium in blood and

widespread of calcification of soft tissues.

What happened if we put a lot of salt in our food?

Excessive of sodiumCan also cause high blood pressure, factor contribute to heart attack and stroke.

Kidney damaged

The kidney are forced to work harder to remove the excess sodium chloride from the body and thid can lead to kidney damage.

Atherosclerosis

CORONARY ARTHEROSCLEROSIS

Atherosclerosis The narrowing of arteries due to

saturated fats and cholesterol deposited on the inner walls of arteries, thereby reducing the flow of blood and may eventually cause blockage in artery.

Gout : Excessive uric acid deposits on the joint pain

Uric acid crystalises

and forms stones in the kidney.

Excessive of Protein

Effect of Excessive Intake

Nutrient Effect of excessive

Carbohydrates(sugar)

Obesity

Lipids Atherosclerosis

Protein • gout•Stored in the kidney- damage the kidney

protein

vitamin mineral

carbohydrate

fiberlipids

water

Vitamin A

Vitamin E

Vitamin K

Vitamin D

Vitamin B3Vitamin CVitamin B1

Vitamin D

Vitamin B3

Vitamin B5

Vitamin B1

Vitamin D

Vitamin K

Vitamin B3Vitamin CVitamin A

Vitamin B3Vitamin B3

Vitamin B5

Vitamin B12

Vitamin B6

Vitamin D

Vitamin CVitamin B1

Vitamin B6

Magnesium

Sulphur

Iron

Potassium

CalciumSodiumIodine

Vitamin A

Vitamin E

Vitamin K

Vitamin D

Vitamin B3Vitamin CVitamin B1

Protein

Carbohydrate

Lipids

Mineral

Fiber

WaterVitamin

NutrientEffect of excessive

Vitamin A Liver damage

Mineralsa) Sodium

•High blood pressure•Kidney damage

b) Calcium Atherosclerosis

VITAMIN B5

VITAMIN B2

VITAMIN B12 & FERUM

VITAMIN B1

VITAMIN D

VITAMIN E

VITAMIN C

Discussion Time

How to reduce the risk of getting

1. High blood pressure

2. Diabetes mellitus

3. Osteoporosis

Diet-related diseases1. High blood pressure

Excessive intake saturated fats, cholesterol and calcium

Deposited on the inner walls of arteries

Prevent high blood pressure

Reduce the intake of food which are rich in saturated fats and cholesterol

Exercise frequently Reduce the intake of salts in

food, as well as tea and coffee Do smoke Have enough rest

2. Diabetes mellitus Brain----- Stroke Eye ------ High blood pressure damage tiny blood vessel at the back of the eye. ------ blindness

Diabetes mellitusHeart------ Heart disease including chest pain (angina) and heart attackKidneyNerves----- damage the network of nerves, feet and hand tingle, burn or numb ------ lost all sense of feeling

Prevent Diabetes mellitus

Prevent Obesity

Low in saturated fat and

cholesterol

Avoid excessive intake of

carbohydrates (sugar nad

starch)

3. Osteoporosis

• Lack of calcium, phosphorus

and vitamin D in diet

• Low density of bone mass

• Bone become thin and brittle,

and easily broken

A portion of a bone showing the loss of bone mass known as osteoporosis (right) is contrasted with a portion of a healthy bone (left).

Prevent Osteoporosis

Eat food rich in calcium, such as

milk, vegetables and cereal

Avoid excessive intake of protein

(excess protein causes bone lose

calcium)

Summary time