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UNIT
UNIT
1
2
C O N T E N T S
English in Today’s World[比較・対照]…………8Dr. Masukawa Toshihide[時間的順序]…………10Political Correctness[具体例,例証]…………12BUILDUP 1──PHRASAL VERB 1 継続・進展を表す句動詞…………14Antismoking Measures[原因・結果]…………16Gap Period[意見と理由]…………18BUILDUP 2──PHRASAL VERB 2 開始を表す句動詞…………20
[Comparison and contrast]
[Time order]
[Examples]
Phrasal verbs that represent ‘continuity’ or ‘progress’
[Cause and effect]
[Opinion and reasoning]
Phrasal verbs that represent ‘start’
LESSON 1LESSON 2LESSON 3
LESSON 4LESSON 5
Aged Society[推量・確信/予測・期待]時制の一致…………24Advertising and Psychology[結果/言い換え]関係代名詞…………28BUILDUP 3──PHRASAL VERB 3 中止・終了を表す句動詞…………32Global Warming[類似/義務・必要]代名詞…………34Information Technology[部分否定/強調]動名詞,to不定詞①…………38Food[時を表す構文/情報の追加]接続詞…………42UNICORN INFO 1──Speech and Presentation…………46Sports[付帯状況/頻度]名詞…………48Genetic Engineering[条件/驚き]There is構文…………52BUILDUP 4──PHRASAL VERB 4 出現・発生, 消滅を表す句動詞…………56Sustainable Society[例示/要求]受動態…………58Globalization and Language[原因・結果/譲歩①]andの用法…………6224-hour Society[譲歩②/可能性]副詞…………66UNICORN INFO 2──Debate…………70Universe[比較/賛成・反対]冠詞①…………72University[後方照応/理由]冠詞②…………76
[Assurance, Guess / Expectation] Tense sequence
[Results / Rephrasing] Relative pronoun
Phrasal verbs that represent ‘stop’ or ‘end’
[Similarity / Obligation, Necessity] Pronoun
[Partial negation / Emphasis] Gerund, to-infinitive ①
[Time / Adding information] Conjunction
[Attendant circumstances / Frequency] Noun
[Condition / Surprise] There is …
Phrasal verbs that represent ‘appearance’, ‘emergence’, or ‘disappearance’
[Illustration / Request] Passive voice
[Cause and effect / Concession ① ] Conjunction ‘and’
[Concession ② / Possibility] Adverb
[Comparison / Agreement and disagreement] Article ①
[Cataphora / Reason] Article ②
LESSON 6LESSON 7
LESSON 8LESSON 9LESSON 10
LESSON 11LESSON 12
LESSON 13LESSON 14LESSON 15
LESSON 16LESSON 17
Paragraph Reading
Functional Expressions and Grammar for Use
UNICORN English Expression 2
32-33
34-37
42
42
30
UNIT
UNIT
3
APPENDIX
BUILDUP 5──PHRASAL VERB 5 増加・増大・程度の上昇/減少・縮小・程度の低下を表す句動詞…80Biodiversity[数量/失望]関係副詞…………82Art[譲歩③/使役]時制…………86Medical Ethics[許可/禁止]動名詞,to不定詞②…………90UNICORN INFO 3──Discussion…………94
Phrasal verbs that represent ‘increase’, ‘rise’, ‘decrease’, or ‘decline’
[Quantity / Disappointment] Relative adverb
[Concession ③ / Causative] Tense
[Permission / Prohibition] Gerund, to-infinitive ②
LESSON 18LESSON 19LESSON 20
Working Women[比較・対照]…………98Music Sales[時間的順序]…………102BUILDUP 6──PHRASAL VERB 6 完了・完全・徹底を表す句動詞…………106Cutting-edge Medical Care[具体例,例証]…………108Paradox of the Digital Age[原因・結果]…………112The Culture of Guessing[分類]…………116BUILDUP 7──PHRASAL VERB 7 発見・遭遇を表す句動詞…………120Body Language: Key to Success in Business[指示・手順]…………122Electronic Voting[意見と理由]…………126BUILDUP 8──PHRASAL VERB 8 出発, 到着を表す句動詞…………130
[Comparison and contrast]
[Time order]
Phrasal verbs that represent ‘completion’, ‘perfection’, or ‘entirety’
[Examples]
[Cause and effect]
[Classification]
Phrasal verbs that represent ‘discovery’ or ‘encounter’
[Instruction]
[Opinion and reasoning]
Phrasal verbs that represent ‘departure’ or ‘arrival’
LESSON 21LESSON 22
LESSON 23LESSON 24LESSON 25
LESSON 26LESSON 27
Essay Writing 1 Explanatory Essay Improving Intelligence…………136Essay Writing 2 Argumentative Essay “Global Standards” for University Education…140Summary Writing Experiences Make People Happier than Possessions…………144Academic Writing Practice Biochemistry: Photosynthesis…………148Punctuation…………152
LANGUAGE FOCUS…………154EXPRESSIONS BASED ON FUNCTIONS…………162EXPRESSIONS BASED ON TOPICS…………176EXPRESSIONS BASED ON PATTERNS…………188
The tables below compare the number of native and non-native speakers of major languages. Table 1 shows the number of native speakers of major languages. In terms of the number of native speakers, English is not the most widely spoken language. English is in fourth place, while Chinese is ranked number one. Table 2 shows the number of non-native speakers of major languages. In terms of non-native speakers, English has many more speakers than other major languages. About 1.4 billion people speak English as a second or foreign language. On the other hand, the number of non-native speakers of Chinese is 200 million. If we combine both native and non-native speakers, more people speak English than any other language. This fact makes English the most popular foreign language to learn in Japan and other countries. (135 words)
10
5
Table 1 Language Native Speakers 1 Chinese 1,2122 Arabic 4223 Hindi 366 4 English 341
Table 2 Language Non-native Speakers 1 English 1,4002 Hindi 3343 Arabic 250 4 Chinese 200 (millions)
8
比較・対照のパラグラフは,あるふたつ以上のものを対比させ,両者の類似点と相違点を示して,論
じます.
類似点:similarly / likewise / also / in the same way / in a similar way相違点:while / however / on the other hand / to[on] the contrary / in comparison with
──LESSON 1
Fill in the blanks.TASK
LINKING WORDS
Comparing the number of ( ) and ( ) speakers of ( ) ( )The number of native speakers・English ( ) million・Chinese ( ) billion ( ) millionThe number of non-native speakers・English ( ) billion ( ) million・Chinese ( ) million( ) is the most ( ) ( ) ( ) to learn in many countries.
PARAGRAPH PO INTS
English in Today’s World1LESSON
T
S
C
Comparison and Contrast
[Source: The World's 10 Most Influential Languages by George Weber (2008)]
CD1-2
native
341
1
1
200
English popular foreign language
212
400
non-native major languages
In a paragraph of comparison and contrast, at least two things are presented and their similarities or differences are stated.
There is some ( ) ( ) to indicate that English is the most popular foreign language to learn.The Number of Countries・Chinese Used in ( ) countries・English Used in ( ) countries English is the most ( ) language if you want to communicate with people who do not speak your ( ).
Language Number of CountriesEnglishArabic 24Spanish 20Russian 16German 9Chinese
It is interesting to think about the role of English in India and that of Japanese in Japan. In India, people in the middle and upper classes speak English fluently. High school and university education have been conducted in English since the 19th century. In bookstores, most books are imported books written in English. On the other hand, in Japan, just a limited number of people speak English fluently. Higher education is conducted in Japanese — the mother tongue. In bookstores, most books — including books of advanced science — are written in Japanese. Japanese people are fortunate to gain a high level of knowledge through their native language, but it also results in low motivation to learn a second language. (118 words)
1. Underline the linking words that show contrast in the paragraph.2. Fill in the blanks.
India Japan
Fluent Speakers of English
Higher EducationBooks
9LESSON 1──
EXERC ISES
B Read the paragraph and answer the questions.
T
S
C
10
5
A Fill in the blanks.additional
5
115
useful
language
115
5
information
There is some additional information to indicate that English is the most popular foreign language to learn. This table shows the number of countries where major languages are used in daily life, business, education, or tourism. Look at Chinese. Although Chinese has the largest number of native speakers, as we have learned, it is used in only five countries. To the contrary, English can be used in 115 countries. This suggests that English is the most useful language if you want to communicate with people who do not speak your language.
people in the middle and upper classes a limited number of people
conducted in English conducted in Japanese
most books are (written) in English most books are (written) in Japanese
Japan has become an aged society. There are many people who need to be cared for at home. It is often a heavy burden for the family members to care for them. A recent newspaper article reported that this problem would probably become more serious in the near future. One of the solutions is to increase the number of home helpers, who offer nursing services to elderly people. Home helpers reduce the family’s burden. Actually, the government has taken several measures to increase the number of trained home helpers. It is expected that the number will be more than 350,000 in the near future. (104 words)
24──LESSON 6
Aged Society6LESSONGuess, Assurance / Expectation
●❶ My grandmother will probably enter a home for the elderly soon. (たぶん)❷ The number of facilities for elderly people is likely to increase. (~しそうだ)❸ It seemed that there was no solution to this problem, but they found one. (…と思われた)❹ I guess he takes the problem too seriously. (…と思う)❺ I’m sure that we can solve this medical care problem. (…と確信している)
●❻ The government is expecting that medical expenses will gradually increase. (…と予想している)❼ My grandfather is looking forward to the weekly visit of his home helper. (~を楽しみにしている)❽ My father hopes to be looked after by a professional caregiver when he needs care and help. (~することを望む)
BUILD ING BLOCKS
●A Guess, Assurance
●B Expectation
Listen carefully and answer the questions.TASK
Using a dictionary, learn about the differences in the meanings of the following words.TASKcertainly / probably / perhaps / maybe / possibly
❷ facility 施設
5
10
●G
Complete the sentence.TASKMy father is looking forward to his life after retirement.
1. Which country has become an aged society? ― Japan has.
4. What do home helpers do? ― They offer nursing services to elderly people.5. What has the government done to help? ― The government has taken several measures to increase
the number of trained home helpers.
CD2-18
CD2-19
CD2-20
CD2-21
2. What is a heavy burden for some family members? ― Caring for elderly people at home is (a heavy burden for
some people).3. What is a solution to the problem? ― One of the solutions is to increase the number of home
helpers.
100-120 語程度のパラグラフモデル文.TASKで内容理解を問うリスニング.
BUILDING BLOCKS モデル文中の太字で示された2つの機能表現を,同じ機能を持つ別の表現と共に例文付きで掲載.TASKで表現の定着.
34
25LESSON 6──
Issue: (① ) (② ) Main job of home helpers: to help (③ ) (④ ) in (⑤ ) (⑥ ). Comparison of the numbers of home helpers per 10,000 people. ・Denmark (⑦ )・Japan (⑧ )What can we guess from this fact? We can guess that elderly people in Denmark can use home-help services (⑨ ) (⑩ ) and (⑪ ) (⑫ ).
life expectancy 平均寿命[余命] medical expense 医療費 welfare budget 福祉予算 pension plan 年金制度 consumption tax 消費税
a. The article reported that the medical costs would rise dramatically in ten years. b. The old woman spoke good English. It seemed that she had lived in a foreign country.c. She said her grandparents go walking every morning. [時制の一致の例外]
Example sentencesa. Some critics are worried about the declining birth rate in Japan.b. If this trend continues, our pension plan will have to be reformed.c. Experts predict that medical expenses will increase as the number of elderly people increases.
Tense Sequence
➡ ➡
Aged Society
Compare the two sentences.TASKI hear that Mr. Carter had passed away. / I heard that Mr. Carter had passed away.
●Grammar Tip
Vocabulary Building
Causeincreased life expectancythe population of elderly people grows declining birth rate
Careoffer nursing services / caregiver / home helper facility for elderly people / day-care center walking assist machine / welfare assistance
Problema burden on a familya burden on society increasing medical expenses pension plan in crisis
Expense / Budgetmedical expensesocial expenditure / consumption taxincome tax / reduce waste in the budget
Suggested Solutionincrease the number of home helpersincrease birth ratesupport child-raisingincrease the welfare budgetreform the pension plan
B Make as many sentences as you can, using the words below.
1. that the new pension plan will work. 2. that you will enjoy a comfortable life after your retirement.3. that our life expectancy is increasing.4. Life-long learning become more important.5. My father living in a foreign country after retirement. [ guess, hope, likely, look forward, sure ]
1. ( T / F ) 2. ( T / F ) 3. ( T / F )
D Put the words in the correct order.
E Complete the sentences.
1. Many elderly people ( are / their medical expenses / worried about ). 2. If this trend continues, ( have to be / increased / our welfare budget / will ). 3. The professor predicted ( Japan / solve / that / the challenges / would ). 4. We should ( employment opportunities / for elderly people / increase ).
C Correct the underlined parts.1. He said he has worked at a home for the elderly.2. My grandfather would often say that time was money.3. They were asked if they want the consumption tax to be raised or not.4. I heard that many politicians are concerned about the declining birth rate.
①日本人の平均寿命は世界一高いです. However, at the same time, ②出生率が下がってきています. As a result, ③日本は高齢社会になり,それによってさまざまな問題が起きています. One of the solutions is ④出生率を上げるために子育て(child-raising)を支えること
です. ⑤いくつかの対策があると確信しています. For example, we need to have more day-care centers. Also, more men should take child care leave.
A Listen carefully and answer the questions.
──LESSON 6
EXERC ISES
A: Mom, today I learned that “walking assist machines” will soon be used by many people.B: Walking assist machines? What are they like?A: They assist people who have difficulty in walking. For example, they help elderly people walk
around by themselves.
① The (average) life expectancy of the Japanese [Japanese life expectancy] is the highest in the world. / Japanese people have the highest average life expectancy in the world.
② the birth rate has been declining[decreasing / dropping / falling]. / the birth rate is becoming lower.③ Japan has become an aged society, which causes[creates] various problems.④ to support child-raising in order to increase the birth rate.⑤ I’m sure there are several measures to take. / I’m sure there are several measures that we can take. / I’m sure
there are several possible solutions.
B: That’s great. I’m sure that will reduce the burden on family members.A: That’s right. But, even after those machines are developed, probably we will still need a lot of
manpower in an aged society.B: I agree. We will need more and more professional caregivers and home helpers, anyway.
Questions: True or false?1. They are talking about the technology
used in walking assist machines.2. Walking assist machines could help
elderly people enjoy an independent life.
3. They believe walking assist machines are the complete solution to the problems of an aged society.
I’m sure [I guess / I hope]
I guess [I’m sure]
is likely tolooks [is looking]
forward to
I hope [I guess / I’m sure]
had
is
were
wanted
are worried about their medical expenses
our welfare budget will have to be increased
that Japan would solve the challenges
increase employment opportunities for elderly people
CD2-26~28
CD2-29
問題 Aトピック関連のリスニング問題.
問題 BBUILDING BLOCKSで学習した機能表現問題.
問題 CGrammar Tipで学習した文法問題.
問題 E総合問題.音声 CD には同内容のスクリプトを収録.
問題 DVocabulary Building で学習した語彙問題.
36
27
In the article, three solutions are suggested. Which one(s) do you agree with? Write your opinion with reasons.
B Fill in the blanks so that each opinion makes sense.
A Make an outline of the article.
Opinion 1
Raising the (① ) tax is a good solution because the tax is placed on everybody equally. The social burden should be shared equally by everyone. Opinion 2
We should consider raising the rate of (② ) tax for wealthy people because richer people should take more responsibility. Opinion 3
There may be some (③ ) in our government budget. We could increase our welfare budget by (④ ) the waste.
Problems: aged society
(1)Our pension plan is (2) are greatly increasing. Suggested Solutions:
(1) should be raised. (2) should be raised. (3)We should of the central and local governments.
SUPPLEMENTARY READING Japan has become a society with an aged population and fewer children. If no action is taken, our pension plan is likely to face a crisis. Although about three workers supported one senior citizen in 1998, the ratio for 2009 became 1.8 to 1. Also, medical expenditures for elderly people are greatly increasing. We have to increase the welfare budget in order to cover more social expenditures such as pensions and medical care. But how? Some experts say that the consumption tax should be raised. On the other hand, some argue that the rate of income tax for the rich should be raised. Others insist that we should reduce waste in the budgets of the central and local governments, and then use that money for increasing social expenditures. Of course, this issue is not so simple. The debate is continuing. (140 words)
These graphs show the percentages of workers by sex, age group, and country. First, look at the graph for women. In Japan and Korea, the percentages become lower in the age groups between 25 and 44. Actually, this trend is called an “M-curve.” In contrast, the other countries do not show an “M-curve.” Then, compare the graph for women with that for men. In the graph for women, as mentioned above, you can see two “M-curves.” To the contrary, in the graph for men, there is no “M-curve.” These facts suggest that it is necessary to learn about the causes of the “M-curve.” (103 words)
Fill in the blanks.TASK
These graphs show the ( ) of ( ) by sex, age group, and country.Graph for women・Japan and Korea: the percentages become ( ) in the age group between ( ) and ( )・The other countries: there is no ( )Graph for women and graph for men・Graph for women: you can see two ( )・Graph for men: there is no ( )It is necessary to learn about the ( ) of the ( )
T
S
C
PARAGRAPH PO INTS 比較・対照のパラグラフを構成する方法としては,ポイント・バイ・ポイント方式 (point-by-point organization)とブロック方式 (block organization)の2つの方法があります.上のパラグラフはポイント・バイ・ポイント方式,右ページのパラグラフはブロック方式です.
Labor force participation rate
5
[Source: ILO LABORSTA 2011]
CD8-24
percentages workers
lower
44
“M-curve”
“M-curves”
“M-curve”
causes “M-curve”
25
A paragraph of comparison and contrast is organized in two ways: point-by-point organization or block organization. The above paragraph is composed according to point-by-point organization. The paragraph on the next page is composed according to block organization.
100-150 語程度のパラグラフモデル文.
TASKモデル文のパラグラフ構成を簡単な形式でまとめる問題.
PARAGRAPH POINTSモデル文のパラグラフ展開パターンを解説.
38
99LESSON 21──
. The following are some of the findings from recent studies. Men sometimes take extreme risks. Also, men’s leadership style is described as “negotiation-based” or “carrot and stick.” This approach is considered old-fashioned by some researchers. On the other hand, women are less assertive than men. In fact, women’s management style is characterized as more relationship-based. It aims to encourage workers. If we have more women managers, some companies may experience changes in their work environment.
1. Choose the best topic sentence for the above paragraph. a. There are differences in the management styles of men and women. b. Are there any differences in the management styles of men and women? c. There are differences between men and women.
2. Confirm which sentences refer to men, and which sentences refer to women. Use the two types of underlines: for men and for women.
A topic sentence has at least one of the following three characteristics:The topic of a paragraph is stated.The main idea of a paragraph is stated.Topic sentence is the most abstract in a paragraph.
Points to remember when writing a topic sentence:
1. Avoid an interrogative sentence.2. Avoid stating a simple fact.3. Avoid an ambiguous statement.
CD8-25
FOCUS!パラグラフ・ライティングを書く際の注意点などを学習.
TASK100-140 語程度のパラグラフを読み,そのパラグラフ構成を整理する問題.
2
39
UNICORN
English Expression
100──LESSON 21
EXERC ISES
B Put the following sentences into the logical order.
C Complete the paragraph based on the graph below.
A Listen carefully and complete the data table.
a. In Norway, 0.13 percent of women die in child birth, while the risk is 9 percent in Afghanistan.b. In Norway, skilled staff are present at almost every birth. c. Midwives and other health providers must be trained and supported in the developing world in order to help mothers, newborns, and children.d. Mothers in Norway and Afghanistan live in very different conditions. e. Norway is the best nation in the world to bring up children, while Afghanistan is the worst, according to the 2011 Mothers’ Index Rankings. f. On the other hand, in Afghanistan, skilled health personnel attend fewer than 15 percent of births.
d ➡( )➡( )➡( )➡ a ➡( )
This graph shows the time spent on housework in Japanese homes. We can see a big difference between men and women. First of all, (① ) spend 49 minutes a day on housework while (② ) spend 3 hours 56 minutes. Then, look closely at the differences by kinds of activities. Men spend 16 minutes on (③ ), 11 minutes on ④ such as cleaning, and 8 minutes on ⑤ such as cooking. On the other hand, ⑥ . These facts suggest that ⑦ .
15-1921.716.3
20-2466.268.9
25-29
74
30-34
61.4
35-39
62.4
40-4459.970.4
45-4961.573
50-5457.868.4
55-5948.859.6
60-643839.7
65+15.312.9
19752007
⬇Year Age➡Percentages of Japanese working women:
Average time for all persons spent on activities related to housework by sex
[Source: Statistics Bureau, Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications, Japan]
8”
1’39” 41” 35”
11” 16”
CD8-26~27
42.6 43.9 54.0
This table shows the percentages of Japanese working women by age group. It is interesting to compare the numbers for 2007 with the numbers for 1975. There are some big differences. First of all, look at the age group between 25 and 29. The percentage for 2007 is 74. On the other hand, the percentage for 1975 is 42.6. Then, look at the age group between 30 and 34. The number for 2007 is 61.4. On the other hand, the number for 1975 is 43.9. Finally, look at the age group between 35 and 39. The number for 2007 is 62.4, while the number
for 1975 is 54. From these facts, we can say that Japanese women have truly advanced in society, although there still might be some problems to solve.
e b f c
men
women
shopping
④ household upkeep⑤ management of meals⑥ women spend 1 hour 39 minutes on management of meals, 41 minutes on
household upkeep, and 35 minutes on shopping⑦ Japanese men should share more household responsibilities
問題 Aトピック関連の内容を聞き取り,表を完成させるリスニング問題.
問題 B筋の通った流れになるように文を並べ替える問題.
問題 C図表を読み取り,読み取った内容を文章に書き起こす問題.
40
101LESSON 21──
STEP 1 Look at the graph below and discuss what we can learn from it.
STEP 2 Write a paragraph based on what you learned from the graph.
STEP 3 Give a presentation based on the paragraph you wrote.
According to the graph, we can say that . For example, . On the other hand, . In conclusion, .
●① This graph shows ....●② The subject of this graph is ....●③ One of the trends[facts] shown in this graph is that ....●④ By studying this graph, we can say that ....●⑤ In conclusion, ....
COMMUNICATION ACTIVITY
Percentage of married men who help with housework in Japan, Germany, and the United Kingdom
[Source: White Paper on the National Lifestyle (1998)]
Japan
Cleaning the house
Washing clothes
Shopping Preparing meals
Clearing the table
Helping children with homework
Taking care of babies
Taking care of parents
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70(%)
Germany
The United Kingdom
A “house husband” is a husband who stays at home and does the cooking, cleaning, etc. Carry out a survey on people’ s attitudes to a house husband in your class and report the results.
Useful Expressions
COMMUNICATION ACTIVITYトピックに関連した図表を読み取り,読み取れた内容について書いたり話したりする活動.
CHALLENGEトピックに関連した話題について,自分のことについて話す活動が中心の場.
2
41
UNICORN
English Expression
14──BUILDUP 1
●① The discussion went on for four hours. 話し合いは4時間も続きました.
●② My grandmother carried on her work as a piano instructor for as long as fifty years. 祖母は50年もピアノ講師としての仕事を続けました.
●③ The club meeting dragged on till 6 p.m. クラブのミーティングは午後6時まで延 と々続きました.
Improving IntelligenceIn order to describe intelligence, psychologists use
two terms. One is “crystallized intelligence,” which is — roughly speaking — knowledge. The other is “fluid intelligence,” which is the kind of mental ability that allows you to solve new problems without having any related experience. You can improve crystallized intelligence by learning. On the other hand, fluid intelligence has been said to be something you were born with and cannot be taught, which is discouraging to many students. However, a new study has found that it may be possible to train people to be more intelligent, increasing the brainpower they had at birth.
In the new study, researchers describe a method for improving fluid intelligence, along with experiments to prove it works. According to the researchers, the key was carefully structured training in “working memory.” Working memory, for instance, is the ability that allows you to memorize a telephone number just long enough to dial it. This type of memory is closely related to fluid intelligence, and appears to rely on the same brain system. So the researchers reasoned that improving working memory might lead to improvements in fluid intelligence.
The following is the procedure of their experiment. First, they measured the fluid intelligence of four groups of volunteers using standard tests. Then, they trained each group in a complicated memory task. In the task, the participants were required to simultaneously memorize stimuli presented by sounds and visuals, which they were asked to recall later. The tasks became harder when the participants succeeded, and the tasks became easier when they failed. This assured a high level of difficulty adjusted individually for each
main idea firstという英語の基本的な論述法は,通例,スピーチ,プレゼンテーションでも守ら
れます.
■BODY main ideaのサポートを,main pointsからsupporting details の順に述べていきます.
■CONCLUSION 総括(まとめ)と今後の展望を述べます.
INTRODUCTION
OUTLINEの提示
MAIN IDEAの提示
BODYMain points→Supporting details
スピーチ
心からのメッセージを伝える
(体験,思い,感動,信念,夢・希望など)
スライドや配布資料を用いることは少ない
プレゼンテーション
知識や情報を伝える
(報告,説明,研究発表,製品説明,提案など)
通例,スライド,ビデオ,配布資料,実物などを使う
Speech and PresentationUNICORN INFO 1
46
152──APPENDIX 2
When Noah Webster was a teacher, the textbooks that were used in American schools came from England. Webster didn’t like those textbooks. He often said, “Why do we have to use the textbooks from England? Americans should learn from American books.” In 1783, Webster wrote a book to teach students how to read and write: A Grammatical Institute of the English Language. It became very popular and was used for the next 100 years in schools in all over America! Next, Webster decided to make a dictionary; at that time all the dictionaries used in America came from England, too. When he finally finished his epoch-making dictionary — An American Dictionary of the English Language — in 1828, he was 70 years old. His dictionary (It had 70,000 words.) introduced American English spellings: “color” for “colour,” “wagon” for “waggon,” and “center” for “centre.”
英文ライティングでは句読点の打ち方など,表記法にルールがあります.
Noah Webster: Editor of the First American Dictionary
a. Birds sing.b. Emily smiled sweetly.c. My brother was in the bathroom.d. I usually get up at six in the morning.
a. My sister is a nurse.[補語=名詞]b. The baby kept quiet in the train.[補語=形容詞]c. She became very happy at that time.d. I got tired after a long walk.e. Some oranges went bad in this box.
a. We like this song. b. I forgot to drop by a supermarket. c. Tom knows (that) we drive on the left in Japan.
a. Emily sends me an e-mail every day. b. Please bring us some drinks. c. He asked me a favor.
a. They named the giant panda Meimei. b. I found the movie interesting. c. We believe the man innocent. d. The news made us sad. e. He keeps his bike clean. f. She painted the wall white.
a. There are some plants which can survive very hot conditions. b. There are many people questioning the safety of GM foods.
a. I want some coff ee.[現在の状態]b. She eats avocado salad every morning.[習慣的な動作]c. Animals cannot live without sleep.[事実] cf. Here comes John.[現在起こっている動作]
●いろいろな学校 school 共学校 co-educational school / 男子校 boys’ school / 女子校 girls’ school ◆ 公立校 public school / 私 立 校 private school ◆ 幼 稚 園, 保 育 園 preschool / 保 育 園 nursery school / 小 学 校 elementary [primary] school / 中 学 校 junior high school / 高 等 学 校 high school / 大 学 university[college] / 大学院 graduate school ◆ 予備校 preparatory school / 塾 cram school / 寮 dormitory
●先生 teacher 校長先生 principal / 教頭先生・副校長先生 assistant [vice] principal / 担任の先生 homeroom teacher / 数学の先生 math teacher / ALTの先生 assistant language teacher
●学年 , 学期 school year, term [semester] 学年 school year / 学期 term(主に3学期制)[semester(主に2学期制)] ◆ 高校1年生 first-year student of senior high school [freshman, 10th grader] / 2年生 sophomore / 3年生(3年制の場合) senior
●学校行事 school event 文化祭 school [cultural] festival / 体育祭 athletic meet [sports day, sports festival] /遠足・修学旅行
1 学校編 (◆はカテゴリーの区切りを示す) [学校](→UE1-LESSON 2, 3)
■トピック別表現集 ( かっこの中は特に関係する課 )
EXPRESSIONS BASED ON TOPICSAPPENDIX54 友人編…………………183
EXPRESSIONS BASED ON FUNCTIONS APPENDIX41……「時間」を表す表現(UE2-LESSON 10)
●時
…するときに when / in / as(~するとき)(~につれて) …している間に while / during / for …のあとで after / just after(~の直後に) …の前に before / just before(ちょうど~の前に) ~までに by / until [till] / after(~過ぎまで) ~以来 since / It is ~ since .... (…以来~経つ) / It was ~ before.... (…までに~か かった) いったん~すると once ・It is four years since I saw my old classmates last. ・It was more than a month before my mother got well. ・Once you cross the line, you can’t change your mind. ・Every time a natural disaster hits the developing countries, some people die of hunger. (…するたびに) (UE-2 p.42) ●間に合う・間に合わない・ちょうど
時間どおりに;間に合って on time / just in time(ちょうど間に合って) / right at noon(正午きっかりに) 早く ahead of time [schedule](定刻より早く) / a little early(少し早く) / 10 minutes earlier(10分早く) 遅れて behind time [schedule](定刻より遅れて) / a little late(少し遅れて ) / shortly after(少しあとで) ・Did the airplane leave Narita airport on time? (UE-1 p.30) ・I arrived at the meeting place thirty minutes ahead of time[schedule]. (~分早く) ・The 7:00 express arrived ten minutes behind time[schedule]. (~分遅れて) ●即時
すぐ soon / at once / in a moment / in no time / shortly / instantly / immediately 今すぐに //近く right now // before long / very soon …するとすぐ as soon as / soon after / It was not long before ....(…したのは間もなく だった) ・The Japanese player began to play in the major leagues and at once he became popular in the United States. (p.80) ・My father took up golf as a pastime as soon as he retired from work. (UE-1 p.80) ・Soon after he entered high school, he joined the rugby team. (UE-1 p.80) ・My favorite player entered the game and in no time scored a goal. (UE-1 p.80) ・It wasn’t long before I realized I was mistaken.
188──APPENDIX 6
EXPRESSIONS BASED ON PATTERNSAPPENDIX61……「比較・対照」(→ LESSON 1・21)
●類似と相違
…に似ている similar to / like同じように in the same way / as well as違う、異なる different from / different between A and B
・The quality of life in those countries is similar to that in the U.S.(…に似ている) ・University curricula usually have general-education subjects as well as specialized subjects. (…と同様に) ・Is it different from gene therapy?(…と異なる)
●対照
反対に in contrast / on the other hand / on[to] the contrary / while (一方で)しかし but / yet / however~にもかかわらず though / although / in spite of
・On the other hand, the number of non-native speakers of Chinese is 200 million. (反対に)・Though a 24-hour society is convenient, it is not eco-friendly. (~だが)
●比較
比べると compare ~ with ... / in comparison with
・Then, compare the graph for women with that for men. (比べてみて)
2……「時間的順序」(→ LESSON 2・22)
●時間的順序
~年に in / in the 1980s (1980年代に)/ in the 20th century (20世紀に)/ around 2000 (2000年頃に)~の間に during / while / from ~ to ... (~から…の間に)/ by 2000 (2000年ま でに)~のときに when / as / in / every time (~するときはいつも)最初に at first / in[from] the beginning / earlier (初期に)のちに after / afterwards / later / and[since] then (それから)最後に at last / in the end
・In the 1970s, LP and EP records were the most popular recording media for music. (1970 年代に) ・Later their article became one of the most-cited publications on this topic. (のちに)
APPENDIX
3 文構造・文法のまとめ
4 機能別表現集
5 トピック別表現集
6 パターン別表現集
p.154
p.162
p.176
p.188
2
43
UNICORN
English Expression
19
1. We had a good time in London last summer.〈楽しい時を過ごす〉▶教 p.302. Did the airplane leave Narita airport on time?〈時間どおりに〉▶教 p.1503. I arrived at the meeting place thirty minutes ahead of time[schedule].〈定刻より早く〉▶教 p.1504. The 7:00 express arrived ten minutes behind time[schedule].〈定刻より遅れて〉▶教 p.1505. She came in time for the departure time.〈間に合って〉6. It took more than two hours to finish packing.〈[時間]がかかる〉
A 現在進行形「is[am, are]+ -ing」現在進行している動作:「~している」という現在進行中の動作を表します.1. I’m reading a guidebook on Nara now.(私は今,奈良のガイドブックを読んでいます)▶教 p.28 ❶
B 過去進行形「was[were]+ -ing」過去のある時点において進行中の動作:「~していた」「~していたところだ」という過去のある時点において進行中の動作を表します.2. When we arrived at the station, the train was ust coming in.▶教 p.28 ❹(私たちが駅に着くと,電車がちょうど入って来るところでした)
C 注意すべき用法a 反復的動作:「いつも~している」という反復的な動作を表します.3. Tom is always complaining about airline food. ut an airplane is not a restaurant.▶教 p.28 ❸(トムはいつも機内食について文句を言っています.しかし飛行機はレストランではありません)
b 進行しかけている動作:「~しかけている」という進行しかけている動作を表します.4. The ship is sinking.(船は沈みかけています)
D 現在時制と現在進行形の違い現在形は現在の習慣などを表すのに対し,現在進行形はおもに現在進行中の動作を表します.5. I often write postcards during my trip.(私はしばしば旅行中に絵はがきを書きます)▶教 p.30 ❶
6. I’m now writing a postcard in Nara.(私は今奈良で絵はがきを書いています)▶教 p.30 ❷E 進行形にしない動詞継続の意味を含む状態を表す動詞や,知覚・心理を表す動詞は進行形にはしません.7. I have some friends to visit in Sapporo.(私には札幌で訪れるべき友だちが何人かいます)〈状態〉
8. Let’s go there. Something smells nice.(あそこへ行ってみよう.何かいいにおいがするよ)〈知覚〉
9. ika loves sian music.(美香はアジアの音楽が大好きです)〈心理〉
DRILL かっこの中に適当な語を入れなさい.1. きのうの午前中は,京都を訪れていました.
I ( ) ( ) yoto yesterday morning.2. 久子はいつもバスの中で何かを食べています.
isako ( ) always ( ) something on the bus.
現在進行形・過去進行形
LESSON 6 TRAVEL
▶教科書 p.28 BUILDING BLOCKS A / p.30 A STEP FORWARD C / p.112 STRUCTURE
A 教科書 p.28 の例文❶~❹を参考にして,日本語を英語に直しなさい. BUILDING BLOCKS
ctually, the government has taken several measures to increase the number of
trained home helpers. It is expected that the number will be more than 350,000 in the
near future.
1. この文の主題文を書きなさい.
2. 高齢化社会の問題点と解決策を日本語で書きなさい.問題点
解決策
かっこの中の語を使って,日本語を英語に直しなさい.
1. 来週,私の祖父はおそらく入院するでしょう.( probably )
y grandfather ( ) ( ) ( ) the hospital next week.
2. 私の祖母は 100歳まで生きると思います.( guess )
I ( ) my grandmother ( ) ( ) ( ) be 100.
3. 研究チームは,胃がんの治療法を見つけることを望んでいます.( hope )
The research team ( ) ( ) ( ) a cure for stomach cancer.
4. 所得税が上がりそうです.( likely )
Income taxes ( ) ( ) ( ) go up.
5. 多くの科学者は海面が上昇すると予想しています.( expect )
any scientists ( ) ( ) ( ) sea levels will rise.
A PARAGRAPH
B EXPRESSIONS
Japan has become an aged society. There are many people who need to be cared for at home. It is often a heavy burden for the family members to care for them. A recent newspaper article reported that this problem
become more serious in the near future. One of the solutions is to increase the number of home helpers, who offer nursing services to elderly people. Home helpers reduce the family‛s burden.
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to care for them. A recent newspaper article reported that this problem
become more serious in the near future. One of the solutions is to increase the number of home helpers, who offer nursing services to elderly people. Home helpers reduce the family‛s burden.
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10
LESSON 616
LESSON 6 Aged Society
語彙・文法や表現の定着 語彙や表現を使ってパラグラフ・ライティング
21
21
UNICORN
English Expression
動詞を使いこなそう
文章を組み立てよう
いろいろな表現を身につけよう表 現 機能表現,トピック関連
文 法 作文に必要な文法
書 く トピックに沿ってさまざまな形式で書く
UNIT 1で学習した文の骨格や構造を土台にしながら,文を豊かにするためのさまざまな文法や表現を身につけ,それらを使って,絵はがきやウェブサイト,書評など,さまざまな形式で文を書く練習をします.
■1 a. She does what everybody cannot do. b. She turns off the radio. c. She turns off unnecessary lights at home.■2 a. His wife doesn’t care about recycling. b. He doesn’t separate the trash. c. He has a very strict attitude.
Compare the two sentences below.TASK
●❶ We walked along the road, picking up empty cans.●❷ We went through the forest, watching wild birds.
❸ The villagers cultivated the land, planting many seedlings.❹ The bus driver turned off the engine, waiting for the signal to turn green.
He watched the insect, lying on the ground. / The tree lying on the ground is a baobab.
ENVIRONMENT19LESSON
FASHION15LESSON
BASIC EXPRESSIONSChoose the right answer.
■1 a. A jacket and a tie. b. Jeans and a sweater. c. Jeans and a T-shirt.■2 a. A green shirt. b. A miniskirt. c. A suit.
●❶ I saw Ken wearing a jacket and a tie today. ●❷ I heard a newscaster talking about the new fashion trends, so I listened to the program.
❸ I found him wearing his T-shirt inside out. [putting on his glasses to read a book / changing into his casual clothes]❹ I feel this sweater prickling me.
❶ Misaki usually gets up at six.❷ It is very cold today.❸ I wash my face first and then change into my school uniform.❹ I don’t feel well this morning.
The tables below compare the number of native and non-native speakers of major languages. Table 1 shows the number of native speakers of major languages. In terms of the number of native speakers, English is not the most widely-spoken language. English is in fourth place, while Chinese is ranked number one. Table 2 shows the number of non-native speakers of major languages. In terms of non-native speakers, English has many more speakers than other major languages. About 1.4 billion people speak English as a second or foreign language. On the other hand, the number of non-native speakers of Chinese is 200 million. If we combine both native and non-native speakers, more people speak English than any other language. This fact makes English the most popular foreign language to learn in Japan and other countries. (134 words)
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5
Table 1 Language Native Speakers 1 Chinese 1,2122 Arabic 4223 Hindi 366 4 English 341
Table 2 Language Non-native Speakers 1 English 1,4002 Hindi 3343 Arabic 250 4 Chinese 200 (millions)
English in Today’s World1LESSONComparison and Contrast
[Source: The World's 10 Most Infl uential Languages by George Weber (2008)]
Japan has become an aged society. There are many people who need to be cared for at home. It is often a heavy burden for the family members to care for them. A recent newspaper article reported that this problem would probably become more serious in the near future. One of the solutions is to increase the number of home helpers, who offer nursing services to elderly people. Home helpers reduce the family’s burden. Actually, the government has taken several measures to increase the number of trained home helpers. It is expected that the number will be more than 350,000 in the near future. (104 words)
Aged Society6LESSONGuess, Assurance / Expectation
●❶ My grandmother will probably enter a home for the elderly soon. (たぶん)❷ The number of facilities for elderly people is likely to increase. (~しそうだ)
BUILD ING BLOCKS
●A Guess, Assurance
Listen carefully and answer the questions.TASK
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10
●G
Working Women21LESSONComparison and Contrast
These graphs show the percentages of workers by sex, age group, and country. First, look at the graph for women. In Japan and Korea, the percentages become lower in the age groups between 25 and 44. Actually, this trend is called an “M-curve.” In contrast, the other countries do not show an “M-curve.” Then, compare the graph for women with that for men. In the graph for women, as mentioned above, you can see two “M-curves.” To the contrary, in the graph for men, there is no “M-curve.” These facts suggest that it is necessary to learn about the causes of the “M-curve.” (103 words)
Labor force participation rate
5
[Source: ILO LABORSTA 2011]
p.24
p.98
p. 8
全7課(4ページ構成)
UNIT3パラグラフライティング
ユ
ニ
コ
ン
英
語
表
現
2
文の骨格を学ぶことからまとまりのある文章を組み立てることまで,無理なくステップアップできます.
21
23
UNICORN
English Expression
教 師 用
充実した付属教材でしっかりサポート
238
A CD-5 69【解答例1】Review on Johnny Depp’s Fashion
On TV you may ①see Johnny Depp wearing a black suit, a white shirt, and eyeglasses. Some people say that the glasses he wears are out of fashion and not cool. But in my personal opinion, ②the eyeglasses suit him very well. In fact, lots of people follow his style.
No one denies that Johnny Depp is one of the most fashionable stars in Hollywood. We can easily see it from his clothing, hair style, and accessories. Among them, his glasses show his distinctive personality. ③In short, his eyeglasses have become his trademark. Thanks to his fashion sense, ④I find him very elegant.
【解答例2】① see Johnny Depp with a black suit, a white
shirt, and eyeglasses② the eyeglasses go very well with him③ In other words, his eyeglasses are now seen
as his trademark.④ I think he is very elegant【解説】① wearing は,withで言い換え可能.② suit は,go well withで言い換え可能.③ in short は in other wordsで,have becomeは
are now seen asで,それぞれ言い換え可能.④ I think he is ... で言い換え可能.B【指導上のポイント】個性的なスタイルをしている有名人が思い浮かばな
B Write your own fashion review on someone. The questions below will give you some ideas.
A Ann wrote a fashion review for the school paper. Complete the sentences below.
Review on Johnny Depp’s Fashion On TV you may ①ジョニー・デップが黒いスーツに白いシャツ,そしてめがねを身につけているのを見る. Some people say that the glasses he wears are out of fashion and not cool. But in my personal opinion, ②あのめがねは彼によく似合っています. In fact, lots of people follow his style. No one denies that Johnny Depp is one of the most fashionable stars in Hollywood. We can easily see it from his clothing, hair-style, and accessories. Among them, his glasses show his distinctive personality. ③つまり,めがねは彼のトレードマーク( trademark)になっています. Thanks to his fashion sense, ④私は彼は非常に優雅だ(elegant)と思います.
W Nov. 27, 2013
Whose fashion do you like? / Is he or she a fashion leader? /Why do you like his or her fashion?
HINTS
Review on (名前) ’s Fashion I like (名前) ’s fashion because (理由) . You may see (名前) wearing (服装) . In my personal opinion, (服装) really suit(s) him / her. .
Talk to your classmates about your fashion review.
this designer, the color blue will be in fashion next year. Japanese young people are very keen on fashion
trends.
Table 3 on page three., the number of people who want to be hairdressers is
increasing every year.
ON E P O I N T C O R N E R
情報源を示すときの表現
グラフや写真などを示すときの表現
LESSON 15 FASHION 教科書p.73
EXPRESS YOURSELF
239
ければ,調べさせるとよいだろう.
【解答例1】Review on Lady Gaga’s Fashion
I like Lady Gaga’s fashion because it is very feminine and original. You may see Lady Gaga wearing tight leotard suits and skirts with high heels. Also, she is often seen wearing long straight hair, f lashy accessories, and funky sunglasses. In my personal opinion, her trademark leotard suits really look good on her. They highlight her beautifully shaped legs. You may say that she looks violent wearing such radical outfits, but as a young girl I enjoy seeing her fashion.【解説】
Lady Gagaは,1986年生まれの,米国人女性歌手.・feminine「女性らしさを強調した」
I like Robert Downey’s fashion because it is original and varied. You may see him wearing jeans and T-shirts, unique men’s suits, or a wide variety of colorful, casual clothes. In my personal opinion, the casual styles he chooses really suit him. He seems to like sneakers very much, so he wears sneakers with almost everything. His sneakers are usually unlike any I’ve seen before. 【解説】
Robert Downey(ロバート・ダウニー)は,1965 年生まれの米国人の俳優・ミュージシャン.
CHALLENGE 【指導上のポイント】テーマの性質上,写真やスライドを使わせて,Show
& Tell活動にするべきである.
【解答例1】Look. This is Lady Gaga. Don’t you think
it is fun to see Lady Gaga’s fashion? I do, as a
young girl. As this photo shows, Lady Gaga is often seen wearing tight leotard suits and skirts with high heels. Also, you may see her wearing long straight hair, f lashy accessories, and funky sunglasses. Her fashion highlights her femininity and her beautifully shaped legs. She may look violent wearing such radical outfits, but I enjoy seeing her fashion. Lady Gaga’s fashion is very unique, and she is surely not copying anybody.【解説】上の問題Bの解答例1を基にして,クラスメートに語りかける文体にしている.
【解答例2】I wrote a review on Robert Downey’s fashion.
He really seems to enjoy wearing a wide variety of fashions depending on the situation. Sometimes he wears a simple T-shirt with jeans. At other times, he wears a men’s suit, but the suits are always unique. But he also wears a wide variety of colorful, casual clothes. Whatever he wears, he always includes interesting sneakers. Most of the styles I have never seen before. I think he must have hundreds of pairs of sneakers!【解説】上の問題Bの解答例2と比べることにより,多様な表現を学ぶ機会としてもよいだろう.
補充例文マス・メディアにおけるファッション・レビューの
例:Paris Fashion Week 2013: Dior’s New Look
Christian Dior, when he established the house in 1947, embraced the spirit of freedom, rebelling against wartime restrictions with the ultra-feminine collection dubbed the New Look. Belgian designer Raf Simons found his own definition of freedom ...― Los Angeles Times, September 28, 2012訳:パリ・ファッション・ウィーク 2013:ディオールのニュー・ルッククリスチャン・ディオールは,1947 年に自分のブ
ランドを立ち上げたとき,戦時中にあったさまざまな規制に反発して,「ニュー・ルック」と呼ばれた女性
15p.73
30
組 番 氏名 /20点
A 日本語の意味になるように,( )の中に適当な語を書きなさい.与えられた文字で始めること. (1点×4)
1. ケイトは最新のトレンドのスカートを買いました. Kate bought a ( s ) in the latest ( t ).2. マイクは Tシャツとジーンズのようなふだん着がいちばん好きです. Mike likes ( c ) clothes the best such as a T-shirt and jeans.3. 彼のチェックのジャケットはとてもおしゃれです. His ( c ) jacket is very ( s ).4. 田中先生はいつもきちんとした髪型で上品な服装をしています. Ms. Tanaka always ( d ) elegantly with a neat ( h ).
B 各組の文がほぼ同じ意味になるように,( )の中に適当な語を書きなさい. (2点×4)
1. ⒜ That blue dress suits Kana well. ⒝ Kana looks ( ) ( ) that blue dress.2. ⒜ This skirt is not my size. ⒝ This size of skirt doesn’t ( ) me.3. ⒜ I don’t have enough money to buy the bag. In brief, it is too expensive for me. ⒝ I don’t have enough money to buy the bag. ( ) is, it is too
expensive for me.4. ⒜ Bob always cares about his clothing and looks cool. To put it another way, he
is fashionable. ⒝ Bob always cares about his clothing and looks cool. In other ( ),
he is fashionable.
C [ ]の中から適当な語句を選び,( )の中に書きなさい.同じ語句は 2 度使えません. (2点×4)
1. Pink will be ( ) fashion this spring.2. These accessories go well ( ) your party dress.3. All his clothing went ( ) fashion, but he doesn’t care.4. Tell me if my clothing is ( ) the dress code.
[ against in out of with ]
LESSON 15FASHION
確認テスト[トピック編]
31
組 番 氏名 /20点
A 日本語の意味になるように,( )の中に適当な語を書きなさい. (1点×4)
1. マリが英語で歌っているのが聞こえました. I ( ) Mari ( ) in English.2. ケイトは自分の手が冷たくなってきているのを感じました. Kate ( ) her hands ( ) cold.3. 健はジェーンが新しいめがねを買うのを見ました. Ken ( ) Jane ( ) new glasses.4. 久美がファッション雑誌を読んでいるのを見ました. I ( ) Kumi ( ) a fashion magazine.
B 次の英文を日本語に直しなさい. (2点×4)
1. Taro found me wearing a new hat. 太郎は私が( ).2. Yumi heard the baby crying. 由美はその赤ちゃんが( ).3. Akira saw you borrow a book at the library. 明は( ).4. Nancy saw him enter the classroom. ナンシーは( ).
C 日本語の意味になるように,( )の中の語句を並べ替え,全文を書きなさい. (2点×4)
1. 健がジムと話しているのが聞こえますか.( can / hear / Jim / Ken / talking / to / you )? 2. 私はトムが靴下を裏返しに履いていることに気づきました. I ( found / his socks / inside / out / wearing / Tom ). 3. そのセーターはちくちくしますか.( do / feel / prickling / the sweater / you / you )? 4. 私はリサがピアスをつけているのを見たことがありません. I ( have / Lisa / never / seen / pierced earrings / wearing ).
LESSON 15FASHION
確認テスト[文法編]
76
組 番 氏名 /20点
A 聞き取れた語を書きなさい. (2点×3)
1. I saw Miho ( ) a pretty red ( ) this morning.
2. This green scarf ( ) ( ) ( ) Ryoko’s
school uniform.
3. Bill thought the striped necktie ( ) ( ) on him.
B 会話を聞いて,そのあとに流れる質問にあてはまる答えをそれぞれ選びなさい. (2点×3)
1. a. They are cool and fashionable.
b. They don’t look good on him.
c. They make him look like a star.
2. a. He is wearing a new sweater.
b. His face looks different.
c. He is wearing stylish glasses.
3. a. They are good for hot weather.
b. They are in fashion.
c. Bright colors are better.
C 英文を聞いて,下線部に聞き取れた語句を入れなさい. (2点×4)
Review on Lady Gaga’s Fashion
I like Lady Gaga’s fashion .
You may see Lady Gaga .
Also, she is often seen wearing long straight hair, f lashy accessories, and funky
sunglasses.
. They highlight her beautifully shaped legs. You may say that
Topic Phrases1. I saw her entering the boutique.2. This green tie suits you well.
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