5th Year Language Study Language Presentations by Mark
4 TYPES OF SENTENCESDECLARATIVE Declarative Sentences make statements: - Life is good. - I am curious, and you are happy. - You ate an extra scoop of ice cream.
INTERROGATIVE Interrogative Sentences ask questions: - Is life good? - Are you curious, too? - Did your stomach hurt after you ate the fifth scoop of ice cream?
IMPERATIVE Imperative Sentences gives commands or request action: - Go inside. - Open the door, and go inside. - After you open the door, go inside.
EXCLAMATORY Exclamatory Sentences express strong feelings or emotions: - I feel wonderful! - I ate a whole pizza and I’m still hungry! - I worked hard, so I scored high on the assessment!
PUNCTUATION MARKS
APOSTROPHE shows possession - Maddie’s show, the girls’ toys, Mary’s and John’s boat shows contractions - can’t, she’s, would’ve, ’98 creates plurals for letters and numbers - 3’s, B’s, 20’s
‘COLON introduces lists - The clock has three parts: a face, a dial, and numbers. separates hours from minutes from writing time in numerals - 2:00, 4:15, 8:55 punctuates the greeting in a formal letter - Dear Mr. President::
PUNCTUATION MARKSCOMMA separates clauses in sentences - The rain came, which was very good for the crops. separates items in a series - I want a surfboard, a guitar, and a canvas for my birthday. separates a direct quotation in a sentence - Martin said, “Get out of here!” separates a city from a state - Grand Haven, Michigan separates the month and day from the year in a date - June 23, 2003
,ELLIPSIS shows that a thought or list should continue in the same pattern - A is for apple, B is for box, C is for cow... replaces words left out in the middle of a quote or obvious text - I pledge commitment... to the Earth
...
PUNCTUATION MARKS
EXCLAMATION POINT ends exclamatory sentences - I won! separates an interjection from a sentence - Hooray! I won! ends strong imperative sentences - Get away from the fire!!
HYPHEN connects two-part words - roly-poly, twenty-two, air-conditioning separates words into syllables - ap-ple separates some prefixes - ex-champion, re-create-
PUNCTUATION MARKS
PARENTHESES hold additional information in a sentence - The girl was born (two weeks early) in California. hold explanatory information or alternative spellings or names - The Gorgon (a mythical creature) frightened the sailors. - The price was stated as fifteen dollars ($15).()PERIOD ends a declarative sentence - I will go to the beach today. follows most initials - John F. Kennedy was a popular president. follows most abbreviations - The giraffe was 12 ft. tall..
PUNCTUATION MARKS
QUESTION MARK ends an interrogative sentence - What are you doing up there? shows doubt or uncertainty when written in parentheses - King Tut lived 3,000 (?) years ago.? QUOTATION MARKS
show a person’s exact words - The professor said, “Start writing.” set apart titles of articles in magazines and newspapers - Did you read the story “Amazing Facts” in Sunday’s paper? set apart special words and phrases - The answer to the clue “fruity” was the word “apple.” when single (‘/’), show a quotation within another quotation - “The counselor said, ‘You kids are too much,’ when we played the fur trade game,” Zoe explained to the camp director. “”
PUNCTUATION MARKS
SEMICOLON joins related independent clauses into one sentence when they are not joined by a conjunction - The Great Houdini died; he could not make his greatest escape. sets apart items in a list, particularly items following a colon - This is what we need to do for the party: send invitations; bake the cake; buy the candles, paper plates, napkins, and forks; and reserve the party room.
;UNDERLINE sets apart book, movie, play, opera, TV show, and video titles - Have you read Little House on the Prairie? sets apart the names of newspapers and magazines - I read the article in Junior Scholastic. adds emphasis to words and phrases - She told us never to follow that path.
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(25) Proofreading
in hamlin lake, the beatiful wite Swans floatted peacefuly stated Lynn
“In Hamlin Lake, the beautiful white swans floated peacefully,” stated Lynn.
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(25) Sentence Analysis: Adjectival Modifier
In Hamlin Lake, the beautiful white swans floated peacefully.
subject
the swans floated
beautiful white
predicate
peacefully(adverbial extension)
in Hamlin lake(adverbial extension)
(26) Proofreading
during cool er month a warm soft scarff help will
During cooler months, a warm, soft scarf will help.
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(26) Sentence Analysis: Adjectival Modifier
During cooler months, a warm, soft scarf will help.
subject
a scarf will help
warm soft
predicate
during cooler months(adverbial extension)
(27) Proofreading
thats old spooky house is been Demolished
That old, spooky house has been demolished.
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(27) Sentence Analysis: Adjectival Modifier
That old, spooky house has been demolished.
subject
house has been demolished
oldthat spooky
predicate
(28) Proofreading
until mid night Hard working, ellis studeid very hard
Until midnight, hardworking Ellis studied very hard.
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(28) Sentence Analysis: Adverbial Modifier
Until midnight, hardworking Ellis studied very hard.
subject
Ellis studied
predicate
hardworkingvery hard
until midnight
(29) Proofreading
erin shuoted Yikes The red gate just slamed shut
Erin shouted, “Yikes! The red gate just slammed shut!”
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(29) Sentence Analysis: Adverbial Modifier
Yikes!The red gate just slammed shut.
subject
the gate slammed
shut
predicate
red
just
(30) Proofreading
with there own book all the children red queitlly. Responded auden.
“With their own book, all the children read quietly,” responded Auden.
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(30) Sentence Analysis: Adverbial Modifier
With their own book, all the children read quietly.
subject
the children read
quietly
predicate
all(attributive adjective)
with their own book
(31) Proofreading
chris a olympic athlete rans quikly, and jummped hi
Chris, an Olympic athlete, ran quickly and jumped high.
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(31) Sentence Analysis: Adverbial Modifier
Chris, an Olympic athlete, ran quickly and jumped high.
subject
Chris ran
quicklypredicate
highjumped
and
an Olympic athlete(appositive)
(32) Proofreading
the tree tal and stately stood, be side the River recalled granpa
“The tree, tall and stately, stood beside the river,” recalled grandpa.
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(32) Sentence Analysis: Appositives/Complements
The tree, tall and stately, stood beside the river.
subject
subject
the tree stoodbeside the river
predicate
tall and stately
NOTE: a noun is said to be in apposition to another noun when it identifies the same person or object under another name.
(33) Proofreading
john a singer from the beetles typicaly played rhythm Guitar
John, a singer from the Beatles, typically played rhythm guitar.
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(33) Sentence Analysis: Appositives/Complements
John, a singer from the Beatles, typically played rhythm guitar.
subject
subject
John played
predicate
a singer from the Beatles
direct object
guitar
rhythmtypically
NOTE: a noun is said to be in apposition to another noun when it identifies the same person or object under another name.
(34) Proofreading
she proudly anounced. yes dylan is partner for soccer and foot ball
She proudly announced, “Yes! Dylan is my partner for soccer and football.”
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(34) Sentence Analysis: Adverbial Modifiers
Yes! Dylan is my partner for soccer and football.
subject
is my partner
predicate
Dylan
direct object
for soccer and football
(35) Proofreading
mmmm the home made chocolet kake is onederful shoutedLuke
“Mmmm! The homemade chocolate cake is wonderful!” shouted Luke.
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(35) Sentence Analysis: Appositives/Complements
Mmmm! The homemade chocolate cake is wonderful.
subject
subject
the cake is
predicate
wonderful
Subject Complement Adjective: a complement that describes the subject.
homemade(attributive adjective)
chocolate(attributive adjective)
(36) Proofreading
truly waldengreen is a great school exclamed mark
“Truly, Walden Green is a great school!” exclaimed Mark.
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(36) Sentence Analysis: Mixed Practice
Truly, Walden Green is a great school.
subject
subject
Walden Green is
predicate
a school
great
Subject Complement Noun- a complement that renames the subject.
truly
(36) Proofreading
They siad patty will wash the dirty dishs and peggy will dryes them
They said, “Patty will wash the dirty dishes and Peggy will dry them.”
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(37) Sentence Analysis: Mixed Practice
Patty will wash the dirty dishes and Peggy will dry them.
subject
Patty will wash
predicate
the dishes
direct object
and
subject
Peggy will dry
predicate
them
direct object
dirty(attributive adjective)
(38) Proofreading
imagi nation and faer, have createD miths and legend
Imagination and fear have created myths and legends.
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(38) Sentence Analysis: Mixed Practice
Imagination and fear have created myths and legends.direct object
subjectimagination
have created
predicatemyths
direct object
fear
and and
legends
(39) Proofreading
the hapy play full childran fulled the room with joyus noise
The happy, playful children filled the room with joyous noise.
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(39) Sentence Analysis: Mixed Practice
The happy, playful children filled the room with joyous noise.
subject
The children filled
predicate
the room
direct object
playfulhappywith noise
joyous
(40) Proofreading
fishes swim quikly up the rivver evry Spring re ported aidan
“Fish swim quickly up the river every spring,” reported Aidan.
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(40) Sentence Analysis: Mixed Practice
Fish swim quickly up the river every spring.
subject
subject
fish swim
predicate direct object
every spring
up the riverquickly
(41) Proofreading
The kind and compassionate Jane helped the young, lost boy in the tossing waves.
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the cind an kompasionate jane help ed young a lost boy in a tossing waves
(41) Sentence Analysis: Mixed Practice
The kind and compassionate Jane helped the young, lost boy in the tossing waves.
subject
subject
Jane helped
predicate direct object
the boy
direct object
kind compassionate young lost
in the tossing waves
(42) Proofreading
last weak the mind ful studentz unanimously elect ed caleb classpresident
Last week, the mindful students unanimously elected Caleb class president.
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(42) Sentence Analysis: Mixed Practice
Last week, the mindful students unanimously elected Caleb class president.
subject
The students elected
predicate direct object
Caleb
direct object
unanimously
indirect object
class president
mindful
last week
(43) Proofreading
he care fully throw, the ball and she swifty swung the bat
He carefully threw the ball and she swiftly swung the bat.
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(43) Sentence Analysis: Mixed Practice
He carefully threw the ball and she swiftly swung the bat.
subject
he threw
predicate direct object
the ball
direct object
and
subject
she swung
predicate direct object
the bat
direct object
carefully
swiftly
(44) Proofreading
judi sighed ahhh lovelly singing spreds joy and piece?
Judi sighed, “Ahhh, lovely singing spreads joy and peace.”
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(44) Sentence Analysis: Mixed Practice
Ahhh, lovely singing spreads joy and peace.subject
subject
singing spreads
predicate direct objectjoy
direct object
and
peacelovely
(45) Proofreading
to explor will creates wonderful and knew expereinces
To explore will create wonderful and new experiences.
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(45) Sentence Analysis: Mixed Practice
To explore will create wonderful and new experiences.
subject
To explore will create
predicate direct objectdirect object
experiences
wonderful
initially, then trade for the infinitive
new
(46) Proofreading
to swim has Brings sarah joy Whitney pro cliamed!
“To swim has brought Sarah joy!” Whitney proclaimed.
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(46) Sentence Analysis: Mixed Practice
To swim has brought Sarah joy.
subject
To swim has brought
predicate direct objectdirect object
joy
initially, then trade for the infinitive
indirect object
Sarah
(47) Proofreading
the gatherin clouds. warnd us ran to home
The gathering clouds warned us to run home.
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(47) Sentence Analysis: Mixed Practice
The gathering clouds warned us to run home.
subject
The clouds warned
predicate direct objectdirect object
us
indirect object
to run
home
gathering
(48) Proofreading
i saw a old man wen, i look in to the miror and i is surprisd
I saw an old man when I looked into the mirror and I was surprised.
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(48) Sentence Analysis: Mixed Practice
I saw an old man when I looked into the mirror and I was surprised.
subject
I saw
predicate direct objectdirect object
a(n) man
when
old
subject
I looked
predicate
into the mirror
and
subject
I
predicate
was surprised
Subject Complement Adjective: a complement that describes the subject.