4G Mobile Communications. MOBILE SYSTEM GENERATION First Generation (1G) Mobile System: The introduction of cellular systems in the late 1970s and early.

4G Mobile 4G Mobile CommunicaCommunica

tionstions

MOBILE SYSTEM GENERATION

First Generation (1G) Mobile System:

The introduction of cellular systems in the late 1970s and early 1980s represented a quantum leap in mobile communication.

These 1G cellular systems still transmit only analog voice information.

1G systems are Advanced Mobile Phone System (AMPS), Nordic Mobile Telephone (NMT), and Total Access Communication System (TACS).

It is Based on Frequency Division Multiple Access (FDMA) technology.

First Generation (1G) Mobile System were designed to offer a single service, i.e., speech

Analog cellular System

Second Generation(2G) mobile system

2G digital cellular systems were first developed at the end of the 1980s.

The second generation of mobile networks with the first generation of cellular telephones by switching from analogue to digital.

it is possible to transmit voice and low volume digital data.

It is Based on Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA) and Frequency Division Multiple Access (FDMA) technology.2G cellular systems include Global system for mobile communication (GSM) , Digital AMPS ,(D-AMPS), Personal Digital Communication (PDC), Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) technology.

Third Generation(3G) Mobile System

3G mobile systems were first developed at the end of the 1990s.

3G mobile system are expected to offer high-quality multi-media services and operate in different environments.

3G systems promise faster communications services, including voice, fax and Internet, anytime and anywhere with seamless global roaming.

3G systems are referred to as Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS) in Europe and International Mobile Telecommunications 2000 (IMT2000) worldwide.

UMTS Main Requirements:

Multi-media Multi-environment Multi-operator Virtual operators

Limitation Of 3G Difficulty of CDMA to provide higher data rates. Need for continuously increasing data rate and bandwidth to meet the multimedia requirements.

Limitation of spectrum and it’s allocation.

Inability to roam between different services.

To provide a seamless transport end-to-end mechanism.

To introduce a better system with reduces.

Introduction of 4GIntroduction of 4G

Up to 2010 growth of mobile subscribers will be Up to 2010 growth of mobile subscribers will be more than 50%more than 50%

Need of higher capacity of networks.Need of higher capacity of networks. 4G- Fourth generation of mobile and wireless 4G- Fourth generation of mobile and wireless

communicationscommunications Generation to move beyond the problems of 3GGeneration to move beyond the problems of 3G Driven by services that offer better quality Driven by services that offer better quality

(Voice n Data)(Voice n Data) Convergence of networksConvergence of networks The The high speed of broadband service of broadband service All IP based networksAll IP based networks

Comparison of 4G Comparison of 4G with 3Gwith 3G

Characteristics 3G (including 2.5G, sub3G) 4G

Major Requirement Driving Architecture 

Predominantly voice driven - data was always add on

Converged data and voice over IP

Network Architecture Wide area cell-based Hybrid - Integration of Wireless LAN (Wi-Fi, Bluetooth) and wide area

Speeds 384 Kbps to 2 Mbps 20 to 100 Mbps in mobile mode

Frequency Band Dependent on country or continent (1800-2400 MHz)

Higher frequency bands (2-8 GHz)

Bandwidth 5-20 MHz 100 MHz (or more)

Switching Design Basis Circuit and Packet All digital with packetized voice

Access Technologies W-CDMA, 1xRTT, Edge OFDM and MC-CDMA (Multi Carrier CDMA)

Forward Error Correction Convolutional rate 1/2, 1/3 Concatenated coding scheme

Component Design Optimized antenna design, multi-band adapters 

Smarter Antennas, software multiband and wideband radios

IP  A number of air link protocols, including IP 5.0 

All IP (IP6.0)

4G Network 4G Network HierarchiesHierarchies

The Goal of The Goal of 4G4G Interactive Multimedia, Voice, Video Interactive Multimedia, Voice, Video

StreamingStreaming High Speed Global Internet Access – High Speed Global Internet Access –

100Mbps (moving), 1Gbps (stationary).100Mbps (moving), 1Gbps (stationary). Service Portability with Scalable Mobile Service Portability with Scalable Mobile

ServicesServices High Capacity, Low Cost ServicesHigh Capacity, Low Cost Services Improved Information Security Improved Information Security QoS EnhancementsQoS Enhancements Flexibility and Personalized ServicesFlexibility and Personalized Services Seamless Network of Multiple Protocols - 4G Seamless Network of Multiple Protocols - 4G

must be all-IP.must be all-IP.

Key 4G Key 4G TechnologiesTechnologies

Orthogonal Frequency Division Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM)Multiplexing (OFDM)

Multiple Input Multiple Output Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO)(MIMO)

Software Defined Radio (SDR)Software Defined Radio (SDR)

Potential Potential Applications of 4GApplications of 4G

Virtual Presence Telemedicine Virtual Navigation Education Tele - Geoprocessing

Applications Crisis-Management Applications

Recent Trends in Recent Trends in IndustryIndustry

NTT DoCoMo- Japan researches.NTT DoCoMo- Japan researches. Sintel-Intel’s M-WiMax as 4gSintel-Intel’s M-WiMax as 4g China’s leap forwards 4gChina’s leap forwards 4g Samsungs experiments for 4gSamsungs experiments for 4g

ConclusionConclusion 4G Technologies are expected to provide 4G Technologies are expected to provide

higher data rates.higher data rates. They are expected to give higher security, They are expected to give higher security,

better services with low cost.better services with low cost. Since no standard is fixed there is plenty of Since no standard is fixed there is plenty of

room left for research on issues like room left for research on issues like interoperability, automatic network interoperability, automatic network selection etcselection etc

We hope that 4G visions may come true by We hope that 4G visions may come true by 2010-20112010-2011

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