Going Mobile Through The Generations b y waqas shehzad
Nov 13, 2014
Going Mobile
Through The Generations
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Wireless Communication
..is the transfer of information over a distance , without the use of electrical conductors/wires.
0-GMobile radio telephone systems preceded modern cellular mobile telephony technology. These systems are sometimes retroactively referred to as pre cellular (or sometimes Zero
Generation) systems.
First Mobile Radio Telephone-1924
FIRST GENERATION 1GUsed analog radio signal.Introduced in 1980’sUses FDMA
The various standards--
NMT in Nordic countries- Sweden, Norway, Denmark and Finland (1981)
AMPS (Advanced Mobile Phone System) in the United
States(1983) and Australia (1987)
TACS (Total Access Communications System) in the United Kingdom (1983)
As Its Analog So It Was Highly Susceptible To
Noise
Traffic Was Not Encrypted So Anyone Could
Eavesdrop By Tuning To The Correct Frequency
MIGRATION FROM
1G TO 2G
SECOND GENERATION 2GIt was launched in the year 1991 in FINLAND.
2G WirelessThe technology of most current
DIGITAL mobile phones-TDMA + CDMA
Features includes:- Phone calls- Voice mail- Receive simple TEXT messages
Speed: 10kbits/secTime to download a 3min MP3 song: 31-41 min
Different variants of
2G
GSM(TDMA)
IS-95CDMA one
PDC(TDMA)
iDEN (TDMA)
IS-136D-AMPS
…Different variants of 2GGSM• DIGITAL CELLULAR SYSTEM• CIRCUIT SWITCH SYSTEM
IS-95 • FIRST CDMA BASED DIGITAL CELLULAR• BRAND NAME FOR IS-95 IS CDMA1
PDC• DEVELOPED EXCLUSIVELY IN JAPAN• COMPARED TO GSM,HAS A WEAKER
BROADCAST
…Different variants of 2GI-DEN• DEVELOPED BY MOTOROLA• CAN HAVE VIRTUALLY UNLIMITED
TALKING GROUPS
D-AMPS• ADDS TDMA TO AMPS• TRIPLES THE NO. OF CALLS THAT CAN
BE HANDLED ON A SINGLE AMPS CHANNEL
2.5 GThe Best Technology now widely available
Features includes:- camera phones- high speed packet data- GPRS- Send/receive large email messages- Web browsing- Navigation/maps- New updates
Speed: 64-144kb/secTime to download a 3min MP3 song: 6-9min
2.75GFeatures include:
I-MODE DATA SERVICE.
CAMERA PHONES.
HIGH SPEED CIRCUIT
SWITCHED
GPRS
EDGE (Enhanced Data
rates for GSM Evolution)
Migration from 2G to 3G2G networks were built mainly for voice data and slow transmission. Due to rapid changes in user expectation, they do not meet today's wireless needs.Cellular mobile telecommunications networks are being upgraded to use 3G technologies from 1999 to 2010. Japan
was the first country to introduce 3G nationally, and in Japan the
transition to 3G was largely completed in 2006. Korea then
adopted 3G Networks soon after and the transition was made as
early as 2004.
3GCombines a mobile phone, laptop PC and TV
Features includes:- Phone calls/fax- Global roaming- Send/receive large email messages- High-speed Web- Navigation/maps- Videoconferencing- TV streaming
Speed: 144kb/sec-2mb/secTime to download a 3min MP3 song: 11sec-1.5min
SYSTEM CAPABILITIES OF 3G
Capability To Support Circuit And Packet Data At High
Bit Rates: • 144 kilobits/second or higher in high mobility (vehicular) traffic • 384 kilobits/second for pedestrian traffic • 2 Megabits/second or higher for indoor traffic
Interoperability and roaming
Common billing/user profiles: • Sharing of usage/rate information between service providers • Standardized call detail recording • Standardized user profiles
..SYSTEM CAPABILITIES OF 3G
Capability to determine geographic position of mobiles and report it to both the network and the mobile terminal
Support of multimedia services/capabilities: • Fixed and variable rate bit traffic Bandwidth on demand • Multimedia mail store and forward • Broadband access up to 2 Megabits/second
3G TECHNOLOGIES
UMTS- This Is Main 3G Technology That Uses WCDMA..
WCDMA (WIDEBAND CODE DIVISION MULTIPLE ACCESS)
- WCDMA is the higher speed transmission protocol in the UMTS
system- Radio channels are 5MHz wide.- Supports two basic modes of duplex: frequency division and time division(15 slots/radio frame). - Multiuser detection can be used to increase capacity and
coverage-operators like VODAFONE, SINGTEL, AT&T, TIM.
APPLICATION OF 3G
Audio/ Video.
VOIP.
Still image.
Moving images.
Downloading softwares.
Migration To 3G
4G
Features include:- An efficient system.- High network capacity.- Huge data rate.- Smooth hand off- Seamless connectivity & global roaming.- High quality of service.- An all IP. Packet switched network.
Speed: Suppose to allow data transfer up to 100Mbps outdoor and 1Gbps indoor.
Advantage of 4G over
3G
4G networks have been particularly designed to accommodate WLANs and PANs based on Bluetooth technologies. 3G suffers bandwidth limitations to accommodate these networks
3G vs 4G
Technology 3G 4GFrequency band 1.8 - 2.5GHz 2 - 8GHz
Bandwidth 5-20MHz 15-200MHz
Data rate Up to 2Mbps100Mbps moving - 1Gbps stationary
Switching Circuit/Packet Packet
A 4G IP WIRELESS NETWORK ENJOYS A FINANCIAL ADVANTAGE OVER 3G AS WELL AS 2G.
4G EQUIPMENT COSTS ARE FOUR TO TEN TIMES CHEAPER THAN EQUIVALENT CIRCUIT-SWITCHED EQUIPMENT FOR 2G AND 3G WIRELESS INFRASTRUCTURE."
BIBLIOGRAPHY
Data Communications And Networking- B. A. Forouzan
www.Wikipedia.comwww.nmscommunications.comwww.mobilealliance.comEncarta Encyclopedia