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4.2 UNDERSTANDING SPECIF IC HEAT CAPACITY
29

4.2 physics form 4

Oct 28, 2014

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Page 1: 4.2 physics form 4

  4.2 UNDERSTANDING SPECIFIC HEA

T CAPACITY

Page 2: 4.2 physics form 4

LEARNING OUTCOMES

• A student is able to:• Define specific heat capacity • State that c=  Q/ mθ• Determine the specific heat capacity of a liquid• Determine the specific heat capacity of a solid• Describe applications of specific heat capacity• Solve problems involving specific heat capacity

Page 3: 4.2 physics form 4

INDUCTION SET 

Page 4: 4.2 physics form 4

• Water in the swimming pool and in the pail have different HEAT CAPACITIES

Page 5: 4.2 physics form 4

• Equal masses and flame• Temperature of one will increase faster than other

• Water and oil have different SPECIFIC HEAT CAPACITIES

Page 6: 4.2 physics form 4

Heat capacity (muatan haba)

The amount of heat required to increase its temperature

by 1ºC

Page 7: 4.2 physics form 4

INDUCTION SET 

Page 8: 4.2 physics form 4

Specific Heat Capacity, c (Muatan haba tentu) 

The amount of heat that must be supplied to increase the temperature by 1 °C for a mass of 1 kg of the substance

Page 9: 4.2 physics form 4

Specific heat capacity, c = Q__

SI unit: = J kg-1°C-1 or J kg-1K-1

Q = heat absorbed / released (J)

m = mass of the substance (kg)

θ = temperature difference (°C)

Page 10: 4.2 physics form 4

What does specific heat of

aluminum 900 J kg-1°C-1 mean?

900 J of heat needs to be

supplied to 1 kg of aluminum to

produce a 1°C temperature

increase

Page 11: 4.2 physics form 4

What does specific heat of

water 4 200 J kg-1°C-1 mean?

4 200 J of heat needs to be

supplied to 1 kg of water to

produce a 1 °C temperature

increase

Page 12: 4.2 physics form 4

    How much heat energy is required to raise the temperature of 1.5 kg of water from 30 C to its boiling point? The specific heat capacity of water is 4200 J kg-1 °C-1

  441 000 J

Page 13: 4.2 physics form 4

The physical meaning of specific heat capacity, c

• 2 objects of equal mass are heated at equal rates:

Temperature of object (smaller c) will have a faster temperature

• 2 objects of equal mass are left to cool down

Temperature of object (smaller c) will drop faster. 

Page 14: 4.2 physics form 4

A substance with a small value of c

1. Heats up and cools at a faster rate Metal (iron, steel and copper ) used as pots 

and pans Quickly heated

2. Sensitive to temperature changes A thermometer has low c Heat is absorbed  and released easily

Page 15: 4.2 physics form 4

A substance with a high value of c

1. Heats up and cools at slower rate.  Require more heat to raise its temperature Poor conductor of heat – handle of pot 2. Absorb a great amount of heat without a 

high increase in temperature.  Eg: Water is used as a cooling agent in a car 

radiator. 

Page 16: 4.2 physics form 4

Material has a high c

Material has a low c

It takes a longer time to be heated.

It becomes hot very quickly.

It does not lose heat easily.

It lose heat easily.

A heat insulator. A good heat conductor.

Page 17: 4.2 physics form 4

Conversion of energy(a) Electrical energy from heater transformed into heat energy.

Pt = m c θ , P = IV

(b) Potential energy of a falling object transformed into heat energy.

mgh = m c θ

(c) Kinetic energy of a moving object is transformed into heat energy when it is stop due to friction.

½ mv  = m c θ

Page 18: 4.2 physics form 4

Applications of c

1. Cooking pota) Copper base• Low c - becomes hot quickly • High density- pot is stable and not 

topple over easily      

Page 19: 4.2 physics form 4

b) Wooden handle

• Large c - the handle not too hot

• Poor conductor of heat

c) Alumni body

• Low c

• Low density – lighter

• Do not react with the food

Page 20: 4.2 physics form 4

2. The cooling system of a car engine (m/s 114)

• Water has a high c and lower cost. • Useful as a cooling agent. • A water pump circulates the water. • Heat produced by the engine is absorbed by the water that flows along the space in engine walls.

•  The hot water flows to the radiator where heat is lost to the cooler air that flows through the cooling fans. 

Page 21: 4.2 physics form 4

3. 

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EXERCISES 

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2. A 700 W electric heater is used to heat 2 kg of water for 10 minutes.  Calculate the temperature rise of the water.  The specific heat capacity of water is 4200 J kg-1 ° C -1.

      50 ° C

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6. A bullet traveling at 60 m s  hit a sand bag.  The temperature of the bullet rises by 4.5 C.  Calculate the specific heat capacity of the bullet.

    400 J kg-1 ° C -1

 

Page 28: 4.2 physics form 4

7. A copper block weighing 2 kg is dropped from a height of 20 m.  What is the rise in temperature of the copper block after it hits the floor.  The specific heat capacity of copper is 400 J kg-1 ° C -1.

    0.5 ° C 

Page 29: 4.2 physics form 4

8. 100 g of hot water at 90 ° C is mixed with    200 g of cold water at 30 ° C.  Assuming that no heat is lost, calculate the final temperature of the mixture.

    50 ° C