Physics Module Form 4 Chapter 4 - Heat GCKL 2010 4-1 4 UNDERSTANDING THERMAL EQUILIBRIUM What is thermal equilibrium ? 1. (______, Temperature ) is a form of energy that flows from a hot body to a cold body. 2. The SI unit for (______, temperature) is Joule, J. 3. ( Heat , _____________ ) is the degree of hotness of a body 4. The SI unit for (heat , ___________) is Kelvin, K. 5. When thermal equilibrium is reached, the net rate of heat flow between the two bodies is (______, equal) 6. There is no net flow of heat between two objects that are in thermal equilibrium. Two objects in thermal equilibrium have the …______ … temperature irrespective of shape, mass, size or type of surface. Calibration of thermometer 7. The ______ ______ of an object is important in the construction of a thermometer. It is a physical quantity which is sensitive to and changes linearly with the change in temperature of the object. 4.1
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Physics Module Form 4 Chapter 4 - Heat GCKL 2010
4-1
4 UNDERSTANDING THERMAL EQUILIBRIUM
What is
thermal
equilibrium ?
1. (______, Temperature ) is a form of energy that flows from a hot body to a cold
body.
2. The SI unit for (______, temperature) is Joule, J.
3. ( Heat , _____________ ) is the degree of hotness of a body
4. The SI unit for (heat , ___________) is Kelvin, K.
5. When thermal equilibrium is reached, the net rate of heat flow between the two
bodies is (______, equal)
6. There is no net flow of heat between two objects that are in thermal equilibrium.
Two objects in thermal equilibrium have the …______ … temperature
irrespective of shape, mass, size or type of surface.
Calibration of
thermometer
7. The ______ ______ of an object is important in the construction of a
thermometer. It is a physical quantity which is sensitive to and changes linearly
with the change in temperature of the object.
4.1
Physics Module Form 4 Chapter 4 - Heat GCKL 2010
4-2
8. ________________ (l 0 )/ ice point : the temperature of pure melting ice/00C
9. ________________ ( l 100)/steam point: the temperature of steam from water
that is boiling under standard atmospheric pressure /1000C
10. The lengths of the mercury column in the mercury-in-glass thermometer is 2.6 cm
at 0OC and 22.6 cm at 100
OC. When the thermometer is placed in hot water, the
length of the mercury column is 16.9 cm. Calculate the temperature of the hot
water.
Liquid-in-glass
thermometer
11. The liquid used in glass thermometer should
(a) Be easily ______
(b) Expand and contract rapidly over a ______ range of temperature
(c) Not ______ to the glass wall of the capillary tube
12. List the characteristic of mercury
(a) ______ liquid
(b) Does not ______ to the glass
(c) ______ uniformly when heated
(d) ______ point -390C
(e) ______ point 3570C
13. Which modification increases the sensitivity of the thermometer ?
A. Increasing the size of the bulb
B. Increasing the thickness of the bulb
C. Reducing the diameter of the capillary tube
D. Reducing the length of the capillary tube
Answer :
Physics Module Form 4 Chapter 4 - Heat GCKL 2010
4-3
Check Yourself 1
1. The diagram below shows a thermometer is
used to measure the temperature of hot water.
When the thermometer and the hot water are in
thermal equilibrium, which of the following is
not correct ?
A. The temperature of hot water is equal to the
temperature of the thermometer
B. No heat flow between thermometer and hot
water
C. Heat flows from hot water to thermometer
D. Heat flows from thermometer to hot water
2. Which of the following characteristics does a
liquid-in-glass thermometer work ?
A. Volume of a fixed mass of liquid
B. Length of the liquid
C. Resistance of the liquid
D. Pressure of the liquid
3. Which of the following temperatures
corresponds to zero on the Kelvin scale ?
A. 273 O
C
B. 0 O
C
C. -273 O
C
D. 100 O
C
4. Diagram below shows the liquid levels from
the bulb in three thermometers P, Q and R at
certain temperatures.
What is the temperature reading at
thermometer R ?
A. 70.8 O
C
B. 65.4 O
C
C. 62.5 O
C
D. 57.7 O
C
Physics Module Form 4 Chapter 4 - Heat GCKL 2011
4-4
4 UNDERSTANDING SPECIFIC HEAT CAPACITY
Definition of Heat Capacity
1. Quantity of ______ energy required to raise the temperature of an object by
10C.
2. The unit of heat capacity is ______
3. Beaker A has (greater, same, less) heat capacity than beaker B.
4. This means that the (bigger, smaller) the mass, the (larger, smaller) the
amount of heat stored.
Definition of Specific Heat
Capacity
1. Quantity of ______ energy required to raise the temperature of ______of a
substance by 10C.
2. The unit of specific heat capacity is ______
3. An object with low specific heat capacity can be heated up______, as it
requires less heat to increase its temperature by 10C. It can be cooled
______due to little amount of heat stored in it.
4. An object with high specific heat capacity takes ______ time to heat up, as it
requires more heat to increase its temperature by 10C. It is ______ to cool
down due to larger amount of heat stored in it.
Q = Pt
Pt = mc
Q = Heat supplied
P = Power of heater
T = Time in seconds
M = mass of substance
C = Specific heat capacity
= Increase in
temperature
4.2
A
A
B
A
Physics Module Form 4 Chapter 4 - Heat GCKL 2011
4-5
Determining the heat capacity
of aluminium block
1. The purpose of wrapping the aluminium blok with wool ______ ______to or
______ of heat from the surrounding.
2. Oil in the holes for housing thermometer and the immersion heater is to
improve the ______ of heat from the heater to the thermometer through the
aluminium block.
3. The immersion heater of 50 W rated power is used for 5 minutes to heat up
the aluminium block. If the mass of the alumimium block is 1.0 kg and the
rise in temperature is 160C, what is the specific heat capacity of aluminium ?
15000937.5
1 16
PtC
m
Jkg-10C-1
4. Specific heat capacity calculated is usually ______ than the standard value
because some ______is lost to the surroundings.
Aim To investigate the relationship between temperature rise and mass of water
Experiment
Hypothesis When the mass of water …______ … the temperature rise will …______ ….
Manipulated variable ______ of water
Responding variable ______ in temperature
Fixed variable ______ duration, water, weighing scale, ______ rating of heater used