Customiza*on and 3D Prin*ng A Challenging Playground for So3ware Product Lines Mathieu Acher , Benoit Baudry, Olivier Barais, JeanMarc Jézéquel
3D Printing, Customization, and Product Lines
Dec 18, 2014
3D printing is gaining more and more momentum to build
customized product in a wide variety of fields. We con-
duct an exploratory study of Thingiverse, the most popular
Website for sharing user-created 3D design les, in order to
establish a possible connection with software product line
(SPL) engineering. We report on the socio-technical aspects
and current practices for modeling variability, implementing
variability, confi guring and deriving products, and reusing
artefacts. We provide hints that SPL-alike techniques are
practically used in 3D printing and thus relevant. Finally,
we discuss why the customization in the 3D printing eld
represents a challenging playground for SPL engineering.
customized product in a wide variety of fields. We con-
duct an exploratory study of Thingiverse, the most popular
Website for sharing user-created 3D design les, in order to
establish a possible connection with software product line
(SPL) engineering. We report on the socio-technical aspects
and current practices for modeling variability, implementing
variability, confi guring and deriving products, and reusing
artefacts. We provide hints that SPL-alike techniques are
practically used in 3D printing and thus relevant. Finally,
we discuss why the customization in the 3D printing eld
represents a challenging playground for SPL engineering.
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Transcript
Customiza*on and 3D Prin*ng
A Challenging Playground for So3ware Product Lines
Mathieu Acher, Benoit Baudry, Olivier Barais, Jean-‐Marc Jézéquel
3D Print your 3D Printer
Puppets
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So7ware product line (SPL) perspec*ve
3D PrinIng is gaining momentum – CustomizaIon also
• SPL? Variability? • « the ability of a so3ware system or arIfact to be efficiently extended, changed, customized or configured for use in a parIcular context »
• Can SPL engineering learn from 3D prin*ng? • Can 3D prin*ng benefit from SPL engineering?
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Field/ethnographic study
We observed how a community of people (i.e, the Thingiverse community) interacts and collaborates for achieving a technical work (i.e., customizing and producing 3D models)
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Playground
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No need to hide, there is an “open” access to data
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Analysis of Thingiverse
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.scad
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Documenta*on (hLp://customizer.makerbot.com/docs)
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22 Variability Modeling Variability Implementation
Configuration Reuse
We observed how a community of people (i.e, the Thingiverse community) interacts and collaborates for achieving a technical work (i.e., customizing and producing 3D models)
Preconcep*on: product line perspec*ve
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Conditional statements hell
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33 imbrications “else” not necessarily here
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Configuration
Clone and Own
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Reuse
Key Results (1)
• Variability Modeling and ConfiguraIon – Variability concepts are here – No constraints – ConfiguraIon
• Configurator • Visibility / SeparaIon of Concerns • Many configuraIon issues
– Huge complexity • 38 parameters, 8 tabs, 10^28 configuraIons
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Key Results (2)
• ImplementaIon – Parameterized Procedures – CondiIonal Statements
• 33 imbricaIons – pre-‐compiled datastructures
• themselves parameterizable
• DerivaIon – You can visualize your result before prinIng
• Limited reuse mechanism
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So What?
• Will So3ware Product Line Engineering save the world?
• Can help, can learn
• Challenges ahead
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Capture Specific Things
• Physical properIes – Are we even able to print the 3D product
• Specific to the product – knowledge out there
• So3ware level
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Complexity and Cogni*ve Effort
• Keeping a low cogniIve effort – Not necessarily so3ware developers
• More sophisIcated techniques induce someImes accidental complexity
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Cost-‐benefit Tradeoff
• Cost of applying more sophisIcated techniques versus benefit of upfront investment
• Pay off when? – For dozens of people in their garage? – For millions of rich people?
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Challenging Playground
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Future
• Automated techniques to support large scale, more comprehensive analysis – Beyond an exploratory and very manual analysis
– We have an infrastructure to mine Things and analyze .scad files
• Adressing the challenges • Helping a community like Thingiverse to master the complexity
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OpenJSCAD
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