The New Imperialism, 1869-1914 The New Imperialism: Motives and Methods The Scramble for Africa Imperialism in Asia and the Pacific Imperialism in Latin America The World Economy and the Global Environment Learning Objectives: After reading and studying this chapter you should be able to discuss: 1. Understand the concepts of "New Imperialism" and "colonialism" and be able to analyze them in terms of motives, their methods, and their place in the development of the world economy and the global environment. 2. Understand the "Scramble for Africa" and be able to use concrete examples to illustrate the process of colonization and reactions to colonization in Africa. 3. Understand the process by which Central and Southeast Asia and the Pacific islands were brought under the domination of the great powers. 4. Understand and be able to analyze the causes and significance of free-trade imperialism in Latin America.
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The New Imperialism, 1869-1914
The New Imperialism: Motives and Methods
The Scramble for Africa
Imperialism in Asia and the Pacific
Imperialism in Latin America
The World Economy and the Global Environment
Learning Objectives:
After reading and studying this chapter you should be able to discuss:
1. Understand the concepts of "New Imperialism" and "colonialism" and be able to analyze them in terms of motives, their methods, and their place in the development of the world economy and the global environment.
2. Understand the "Scramble for Africa" and be able to use concrete examples to illustrate the process of colonization and reactions to colonization in Africa.
3. Understand the process by which Central and Southeast Asia and the Pacific islands were brought under the domination of the great powers.
4. Understand and be able to analyze the causes and significance of free-trade imperialism in Latin America.
Focus and Essential Questions:
What motivated the industrial nations to conquer new territories, and what means did they use?
Why were imperialists drawn to the natural resources of Africa, and how did their presence on that continent change the environment?
What were the social and cultural effects of imperialism in Asia?
What were the economic motives behind imperialism in Latin America?
How did imperialism contribute to the growth and globalization of the world economy?
The New Imperialism: Motives and Methods
Europe had a long tradition of imperialism
reaching back to the twelfth century
New Imperialism was characterized by an
explosion of territorial conquests even more
rapid than the Spanish conquests of the 16th
century
Economic, cultural, and political motives
French leaders, humiliated by their
defeat in 1871, sought to reestablish
their nation’s prestige through territorial gain
The desire for impressive empire
overseas as a reflection of national
grander
Political Motives
Cultural Motives
Both Catholics and Protestants founded new
missionary societies, converting nonbelievers and
to export their own norms of “civilized” behavior
Western morals, medicine, hygiene, and monogamous marriages; Women sought
to reform cultures under the auspices of women’s rights
—sati
Many Europeans and Americans equated
technological innovations with “progress” and
“change”
Humanity was divided into several races based on physical appearance
and ranked in a hierarchy of “civilized”, “semi-
barbarous”, “barbarian”, and “savage”
Economic Motives
The industrialization of Europe and North America stimulated the demand for
raw materials
An economic depression from 1870-1890 caused European merchants,
manufactures, and shippers to seek protection against for foreign competition—
leading to the acquisition of colonies
The Tools of Imperialists
Nineteenth century technological
innovations began to tip the balance of power in
favor of Europe
The steamship, Suez Canal, Submarine
Telegraph cables, Breech loading/Muzzle-loading,
smokeless powder, machine guns
Colonial Agents and Administration
The system of administering and exploiting colonies for the
benefit of the home country is known as *colonialism
Colonial protectorates had traditional governments with
monarchs but European “advisors”
Most colonies operated with local military forces under the control of the European nation
The Scramble for Africa
Contact with Europeans
Initial phase: 1470s-mid1500sPortuguese trade in fish,
pepper, ivory, gold
Not colonizers or rulers; Africans treated as equal