25. Research Methodology - I

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Using Microsoft Excel with

Business Research Methods

By

William G. Zikmund



TITLE BAR

MENU BAR

FORMULA BAR

STANDAR D TOOLBAR

FORMATTING TOOLBAR

ACTIVE CELL



PASTE FUNCTION

TOOLS MENU



The Paste Function Provides

Numerous Statistical Operations



The Statistical Function Category



Data Analysis

Dialog Box Click on ³Tools´

Select ³Data Analysis´

Select statistical o peration

± such as Histogram









Functions Functions are predefined formulas for

mathematical o perations

They perform calculations by using s pecific

values, called arguments

Arguments indicate data or a range of cells

Arguments are performed, in a particular

order, called the syntax.



Functions Functions are predefined formulas for

mathematical o perations

They perform calculations by using s pecific

values, called arguments

Arguments are performed, in a particular

order, called the syntax.

For exam ple, the SUM function adds values

or ranges of cells



Easy to Use Paste Functions AVER AGE (MEAN)

MEDIAN

MODE

SUM

STANDAR D DEVIATION



Functions The syntax of a function begins with the

function name

followed by an o pening parenthesis

the arguments for the function

se parated by commas

a closing parenthesis.

If the function starts a formula, an equal

sign (=) is ty ped before the function name.



The Equal Sign Then The

Function Name And Arguments =FU NCTION (Argument1)

=FU NCTION (Argument1,Argument2)



Arguments Ty pical arguments are numbers, text,

arrays, and cell references.

Arguments can also be constants, formulas,

or other functions.



The AVER AGE Function

Located in the Statistical Category





Data Array The data a ppear in cells A2 through 14

A2:A14

Sometimes written with dollars signs

$A$2:$A$14





Sum, Average, and Standard

Deviation =FU NCTION (Argument1)

=SUM(A2:A9)

=AVER AGE(A2:A9)

=STDEVA(A2:A9)







SUM Function

Sales Call Exam ple

)9:2( A ASUM X !7



AVER AGE (Mean) Function

Sales Call Exam ple

)9:2( A A AVERAGE n

X X

i

!7

!



Standard Deviation Function

Sales Call Exam ple

)9:2(

1

2 A ASTD A

n

x x x s !

7!



Pro portion =COU NT

=COU NTIF

DIVIDE COU NTIF BY COU NT

=D3/D2







Frequency Distributions There are alternative ways of constructing

frequency distributions

COU NTIF function

HISTOGR AM function





=COUNTIF(A6:A134,1)

=D4/D9*100









Histogram Function Tools -Data Analysis-Histogram

Bins





The bins are the

frequency categories



Insert In put and Bin Ranges



Text Labels Can Be Included or

Excluded From In put Range



The Chart Wizard





The Descri ptive Statistics

Function

















SEVERAL ROWS OF DATA ARE HIDDEN



SEVERAL ROWS OF DATA ARE HIDDEN













Correlation







Correlation Coefficient, r = .75

Correlation: Player Salary and Ticket

Price

-20

-10

0

10

20

30

1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001

Change in Ticket

Price

Change in

Player Salary



Regression Analysis



25. Research Methodology - I

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