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ratom gaxda fakultetis sabWos gadawyvetileba ga-dasamowmebeli da ra `ganaCens gamoitans~ universitetis umaRlesi organo _ uaxloes periodSi gaxdeba cnobili, manamde ki Tvali gadavavloT _ ra bataliebi uZRvoda win arCevnebs.
rezo jorbenaZe andro barnovi lela gafrindaSvili
Tbilisisuniversiteti
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maia toraZe
ganaTlebisa da mecnierebis refor-mis saxelmwifo komisiam gansaxilve-lad gamoaqveyna dokumenti, romliTac ganisazRvra umaRlesi ganaTlebisa da mecnierebis axal sistemaze gadasvlis strategia. am dokumentiT irkveva, rom saqarTveloSi arsebuli realoba eta-pobrivad unda moergos tenuaris siste-mas, romelic gulisxmobs rogorc aka-demiur Tavisuflebas, aseve, miukerZoe-blobas da ganaTlebis xarisxs.
yvela is etapi, romelic am sistemaze gadasvlis xangrZliv procesSi SeiZleba gamoikveTos, TavisTavad moicavs sazR-vargareT moRvawe wamyvan mecnierTa CarT-vas da aqtiur monawileobas ganaTlebisa da mecnierebis xarisxis amaRlebaSi.
cxadia, dRes imis iluzia aravis aqvs, rom xval ucxoeTSi moRvawe yvela war-matebuli mecnieri miatovebs ultra-Tanamedrove teqnologiebiT aRWurvil laboratoriebs da saqarTveloSi Camova, magram maTi CarTva umaRlesi ganaTle-bisa da mecnierebis xarisxis amaRleba-Si aucilebelia. amisTvis unda Seiqmnas garkveuli winapiroba, rasac Teoriulad kargad gaazrebuli da praqtikasTan aprobirebuli sistema unda axldes Tan.
SvedeTis lundis universitetis eqsperimentuli medicinis centris Rerovani neiroujredebis biologiis laboratoriis xelmZRvaneli zaal ko-kaia miiCnevs, rom am etapze aucilebelia Camoyalibdes ganaTlebisa da mecniere-bis srulyofili sistema, romelic ara-viTar SemTxvevaSi ar unda daeqvemdeba-ros kompromiss. `midgoma, rom dRes es sistema CvenTan ar imuSavebs da is qar-
Tul realobas unda mivusadagoT, Tav-Sive mcdaria. aseT SemTxvevaSi sistema ki iqneba realobaze morgebuli, magram realoba iseTive darCeba, rogoric aris. amitom unda aviRoT msoflioSi apro-birebuli modeli da qarTuli realoba mivusadagoT, movargoT mas. meore da au-cileblad gasaTvaliswinebeli sakiTxia is, rom gardaqmna ar moxdeba erT dReSi, es xangrZlivi procesia da mis sabolo-od Camoyalibebas SesaZloa aTwleulebi dasWirdes~, _ ambobs igi.
rac Seexeba ucxoel mecnierTa sa-qarTveloSi dabrunebis sakiTxs, zaal kokaias miaCnia, rom erTi formaa mec-nierTa mowveva da CarTva saswavlo pro-cesSi da meore _ imgvari sistemis Seqm-na, rom ucxoeTSi moRvawe qarTveli mec-nieri sabolood damkvidrdes saqarT-veloSi: `Cven am problemis mogvarebis process sxvadasxvagvarad ganvixilavT. erTerTi formaa is, romelsac ukve wle-bia vakeTeb, anu mecnieri, romelic uc-
xoeTSi muSaobs, garkveul dros atarebs saqarTveloSi, rogorc mowveuli pro-fesori. am formiT es mecnieri CarTulia saswavlo procesSi, rac imis sawindaria, rom garkveuli done da kompetencia Se-mova Cvens ganaTlebaSi. am CarTulobis Semdeg studentebi Cavlen vTqvaT, dasav-leTSi da ki ar darCebian, dabrundebian da gaagrZeleben saqarTveloSi moRva-weobas.
aris meore _ tenuirebuli pozicie-bis Seqmnis principi, romliTac, Sesabami-si dafinansebis pirobebSi Seiqmneba ga-rantia imisa, rom maT eqnebaT samuSao pirobebi da tenuirebuli pozicia. aseT garemoSi, roca Sesabamisi dafinanseba gaCndeba, darwmunebuli var, bevri cno-bili mecnieri daiwyebs dabrunebaze fi-qrs. aq saubari maqvs maRali donis mec-nierebze, Torem axalgazrda mecnierebi siamovnebiT dabrundebian~, _ ganacxada zaal kokaiam CvenTan saubarSi.
man aseve aRiniSna, rom droa daiwyos kadrebis momzadebis grZelvadiani pro-cesi. es gulisxmobs studentis mivline-bas sazRvargareT sadoqtoro naSromis mosamzadeblad im garantiiT, rom amis Semdeg minimum 5 weli imuSavebs saqarT-veloSi. batoni zaalis azriT, am formiT im codnas, rasac mivlinebuli studen-ti miiRebs da rasac Cven davafinansebT, ukanve wamoviRebT.
Tu realurad Seiqmneba tenuirebuli poziciebi, saqarTveloSi SeiZleba
ucxoeli mecnierebic movizidoT
rogorc mogexsenebaT, ganaTlebisa
da mecnierebis reformis saxelmwifo komisias Semoaqvs teniurebuli pozicie-bis cneba, romliTac maRali donis axali samecniero kadrebis mozidvis proble-ma gadawydeba. kerZod, rogorc batonma zaalma aRniSna, Tu realurad Seiqmneba tenuirebuli poziciebi, qarTvelebis garda, ucxoeli mecnierebic SeiZleba movizidoT. `aq, aseve, laparakia imaze, rom qarTuli samecniero da saganmanaT-leblo realobis Sefaseba miukerZoe-beli ucxoeli eqspertebis mier unda moxdes. Tu am sistemaSi es komponenti ar iqna Cadebuli, araferi gamova, miT umetes, iseT patara qveyanaSi, rogoric saqarTveloa. aq SeuZlebelia rom, jer erTi, eqspertebi gyavdes da merec, isini miukerZoebelni iyvnen. amitom Cven unda gamoviyenoT msoflio eqspertuli baza samecniero naSromis SefasebisTvisac da imis gansazRvrisTvisac, vin unda iyos te-nuirebuli, asocirebuli da ase Semdeg.
dabrundebian Tu ara sazRvargareT moRvawe qarTveli mecnierebi saqarTveloSi?
mecnieris pozicia
aris meore _ tenuirebuli poziciebis Seqmnis principi, romliTac, Sesabami-si dafinansebis pirobebSi Seiqmneba garantia imisa, rom maT eqnebaT samu-Sao pirobebi da tenuirebuli pozicia. aseT garemoSi, roca Sesabamisi dafinanseba gaCndeba, darwmunebuli var, bevri cnobili mecnieri dai-wyebs dabrunebaze fiqrs. aq saubari maqvs maRali donis mecnierebze, Torem axalgazrda mecnierebi siamovnebiT dabrundebian~
_ am sistemis SemoRebaze samini-stro dadebiTad fiqrobs da miaCnia, rom swori gzaa. kriteriumebi tenua-ris miRebisTvis gacilebiT metia. amis potenciali SeiZleba yvelas ar hqon-des, magram is faqti, rom mecniers da mecnierul muSaobas stabiluri garemo esaWiroeba, udavoa. mecnieri ar unda fi-qrobdes imaze, erTTviani Tu samTviani xelSekruleba rom gamiTavdeba, Semdeg sad wavideo. am saqmisTvis momarTuli kaci puris Sovnaze dReniadag fiqriTa da saxlis gaTbobis problemebiT ki ar unda iyos dakavebuli, aramed simyaris gancda unda hqondes _ ise ver SevqmniT inteleqtualur produqts qveyanaSi. tenuaris principi, met-naklebad, amis
saSualebas iZleva. garda amisa, tenua-ris institutis xibli isic aris, rom mxolod reqtorati aRar iqneba mTavari birTvi umaRles saswavleblebSi da pro-fesurasac meti uflebebi da saSualebe-bi miecema. tenuaris principis dadebiTi mxarea isic, rom profesoris roli uni-versitetis marTvasa da mis funqcioni-rebaSi izrdeba. es kargi da swori prin-cipia. am sistemis damkvidrebis mosamwi-feblad jer ganaTlebisa da mecnierebis saxelmwifo komisia imuSavebs, romelic gansazRvravs CvenTan erTad ara marto mecnierebis organizebis sakiTxebs _ Tu rogori unda iyos profesuris roli, aramed imasac, Tu rogor unda iyos awyo-bili umaRlesi ganaTlebis mTeli siste-ma, saSualo ganaTlebis sistema da sxv.
saerTod ganaTlebis sistema ver itans swraf, radikalur cvlilebebs. swori gadawyvetilebis miRebas sWir-deba garkveuli dro, raTa es gadawyve-tileba Sevides ZalaSi da amoqmeddes. raRac periodi unda misce adamianebs safiqrelad, rom naazrevi kargad moiTe-
los, radgan roca ganaTlebis sistemaze vsaubrobT, es bevri adamianis momavalze gansjas moicavs. swored amitom vTvliT, rom radikaluri da swrafi cvlilebebis ufleba ar gvaqvs. rodesac cvlileba Semogaqvs, didi msjelobs Semdeg raRac etapze SeiZleba jer danergo, darg-obrivad gaTvalo da mxolod amis Semdeg daamkvidro sayovelTaod. Tumca, meore mxriv, aucilebelia mudmivad zrunva etapobriv cvlilebebze am sferoSi.
_ da rodemde unda elodos Cveni sazogadoeba am cvlilebebs?
_ didxans lodini ar mouwevs... ms-jeloba daiwyeba axlave da ZalaSi Seva cota gvian.
_ reqtoratis gadawyvetilebebSi saministro araviTar SemTxvevaSi ar Caereva. rodesac saxelmwifo komisiis mier reformis sqema gamoikveTeba _ Tu rogor unda ifunqcioniros umaRlesma saswavlebelma axal politikur real-obaSi, am yvelafers Semdeg kanonis saxe miecema.
_ saubroben imaze, rom univer-sitetebSi reqtorisa da dekanebis arCevis wesi Seicvalos. miTiTebis TvalsazrisiT am sakiTxSi, magaliTad, saministro ar Caereva? anu es mxolod sauniversiteto sazogadoebis gada-sawyveti iqneba?
_ piradad Cemi azria, rom msgavs ga-dawyvetilebebSi saxelmwifos Careva minimaluri unda iyos. Cemi azriT, akre-ditaciis meqanizmebic gareT unda iyos ,,gasuli”, anu saxelmwifo ar unda ereo-des akreditaciis procesSi.
Cven ar vapirebT, araformalurad daviwyoT xelis faTuri im saqmeSi, rac kanoniT ar gvexeba, rogorc amas yofili xelisufleba akeTebda kudis, sodis Tu uSiSroebis kadris vinmesTan migzavniT. Cven vapirebT, rom kargad SeviswavloT situacia, Seiqmnas axali sakanonmdeblo
baza, rasac aucileblad moyveba cvli-lebebi da Tu sadme saministros Careva gaxdeba saWiro, Cven CavereviT, Tu ara da ver CavereviT. Tu raRac procesi uni-versitetSi kargad ver mimdinareobs, es Tavad sauniversiteto sazogadoebis ga-dasawyveti da studentebisa Tu leqto-rebis saqmea. Cven konceptualuri, prin-cipuli midgoma gvaqvs, rom minimalurad moxdes saxelmwifos Careva umaRles sas-wavleblebSi _ reqtoris arCevis wesi iqneba es Tu sxva.
_ ministri saubrobs dafinansebis gazrdaze. Seexeba Tu ara es mecnier-ebas?
_ mecnierebis dafinanseba gaTvalis-winebulia saxelmwifo biujetSi da am mimarTulebiT muSaobas kidev gavagrZe-lebT. Cven vfiqrobT, rom is biujeti, rac ganaTlebis sferoSia, Zalian cotaa da unda gaizardos.
erT aseT magaliTs getyviT _ SoTa rusTavelis fondisTvis, romelic am proeqtebs afinansebs, SarSan gamoyofi-li iyo, daaxloebiT, 24 milioni, magram 10-12 milionze mets ver iTvisebda da ver iTvisebda ara imitom, rom proeqtebi ar iyo, aramed imitom, rom imdroinde-li ganaTlebis saministros xelmZRva-neloba am fonds fuls awerda, uxeSad rom vTqvaT. maqvs informacia, rom, rac dasWirdebodaT _ 5-6 milioni _ am fon-didan mihqondaT. amitom mecnierebaze realurad 24 milioni ki ar daixarja, aramed daixarja 11 milioni. Cven axla misTvis 25 milioni gvaqvs gamoyofili da garwmunebT, rom 25-ve daixarjeba da moxmardeba mecnierebas. amitom vambobT, rom am mimarTulebiT 2-jer gaizrdeba dafinanseba. garda amisa, SevecdebiT, kvleviTi institutebis, pirvel rigSi, statusis gansazRvrasa da maT dafinan-sebas. saerTod, mecnierebas ufro meti gulisyuriT unda mivudgeT da seriozu-lad vifiqroT _ rogor mivaRwioT imas, rom namdvilma mecnierma imuSaos da ara lukma-puris Sovnaze iyos gadagebuli - es aranormaluria.
kanoni rasac agvikrZalavs, imaSi ar CavereviT!interviu ganaTlebisa da mecnierebis ministris moadgilesTan daviT zurabiSvilTan
me-5 gverdze
daviT zurabiSvili
zaal kokaia
Tbilisis universiteti
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_ qalbatono Tamar, `qarTuli oc-nebis~ winasaarCevno programaSi bevri sagulisxmo postulatia mocemuli zogadad ganaTlebis da umaRlesi ga-naTlebis ganviTarebis Sesaxeb. ras eyrdnoboda es dokumenti da ramdenad iyo Seswavlili winapirobebi?
amas winaT Sexvedra mqonda ganaTlebis sferos warmomadgenlebTan, sadac erTma qalbatonma brZana, rom misi orive Svili umaRles saswavlebelSi Cairicxa, maTgan erTma 70 procentiani dafinanseba miiRo, meorem _ 50 procentiani. bunebrivia, rom garSemomyofebma miuloces da taSic ki Semohkres. qalbatons ki cremlebi wa-mouvida da yvela saxtad darCa. aRmoCnda, rom ojaxs im darCenili 30 da 50 procen-tis gadaxdis SesaZleblobac ar hqonda, ris gamoc mis meuRles insulti ganuvi-Tarda. ai, es aris realoba, romelic sa-xelmwifom unda gaiTvaliswinos.
Tumca, garkveulwilad, ukve daiwyo am problemis mogvarebaze zrunva. Zalian sasiamovnoa is faqti, rom momavali wlis biujetSi ganaTlebis dafinanseba sagrZ-noblad izrdeba. saqarTvelos parlamen-tis mier ukve damtkicebuli biujetis mixedviT SesaZlebloba gvaqvs SevadaroT gasuli wlis da momavali wlis xarje-bi. magaliTad, Tu Tavdacvis xarjebi 2012 wels 657 927,1 aTas lars Seadgenda, 2013 wels is Semcirebulia da Seadgens 639 064,4 aTas lars. maSin, roca ganaT-lebaze xarjebi gazrdilia. kerZod, 2012 wels ganaTlebis sistemis dafinansebis maCvenebeli 610 753,8 aTasi lari iyo, mo-mavali wlisaTvis ki is 682 346,1 aTas la-ramdea gazrdili.
_ magram Tavdacvis sferoc xom pri-oritetulia?
_ Cven axla vsaubrobT prioriteteb-ze da vxedavT, Tu rogor lagdeba saxelm-wifo biujetis xarjebi sferoebis mixed-viT. ra Tqma unda, Tavdacvac unda dafi-
nansdes da saerTod, arc erTi sfero ar unda dazaraldes, magram sazogadoebrivi interesia, rom ganaTleba da mecniereba, rogorc sazogadoebrivi sikeTe, xeli-suflebisTvis erTerTi prioritetuli sfero iyos.
_ rac Tqven brZaneT, es aris saxelmwifo politika. magram amave politikis nawili unda iyos umaRle-si saswavleblebis avtonomiurobac. amave konteqstSi albaT upriani iqneba saubari, Tu rogor gesaxebaT univer-sitetebis avtonomiuroba regentTa sabWos arsebobis pirobebSi, xolo Tu regentTa sabWo gauqmdeba, razec sx-vadasxva wreebSi ukve saubroben, maSin ra formas itovebs saxelmwifo mis mier universitetisTvis gamoyofili Tanxe-bis kontrolisTvis?
Cemi azriT, radganac Cveni kanonmde-bloba icnobs sajaro samarTlis iuri-diuli piris organizaciul-samarT-lebriv formas, sulac ar iyo universi-tetebis arasamewarmeo iuridiuli pirad gadakeTebis saWiroeba. arc is argumenti mgonia damajerebeli, rom arasamewarmeo iuridiuli piris statusi universite-tebs met damoukideblobas aniWebs, rad-gan, Tu zedmiwevniT ganvixilavT regent-Ta sabWos uflebamosilebebs da misi da-kompleqtebis wess, namdvilad ver vity-viT, rom universitetis avtonomiurobis xarisxi, Tundac formalurad, gaizarda.
_ vTqvaT, gauqmda regentTa sabWo. maSin ras gvTavazobT? rogor unda gakontroldes saxelmwifo univer-sitetebis finansebi?
_ vfiqrob, universitetebs unda dau-brundeT sajaro samarTlis iuridiuli piris statusi. Tavis droze bevri kva-lificiuri eqsperti muSaobda `sajaro samarTlis iuridiuli piris Sesaxeb” sa-qarTvelos kanonis SemuSavebaze da mimaC-nia, rom es organizaciul-samarTlebrivi forma sruliad aZlevs SesaZleblobas sa-xelmwifo universitetebs, rom efeqtia-nad ifunqcioneron.
_ daisva Tu ara sakiTxi mTavrobis winaSe, rom amgvari cvlileba ganxor-cieldes?
_ es aris principulad gadasawyve-ti sakiTxi. strategia, Tu rogori iqneba universitetebis samarTlebrivi forma, unda emsaxurebodes im miznebs, romelic Cven mier SemuSavebul politikur doku-mentSia deklarirebuli. Cveni poziciaa, rom unda gauqmdes regentTa sabWo da Seicvalos universitetis zedamxedvelo-bis meqanizmic. mizania universitetis re-aluri avtonomia da ara iseTi formalu-ri, romelic dRemde gvqonda. sxvagvarad warmoudgenelia akademiuri Tavisufle-bis garantiebis Seqmna.
_ winasaarCevno programaSi sau-baria uwyveti ganaTlebis sakiTxebzec. Tqveni azriT, ra pirobebia amisaTvis dRes da rogor SeiZleba, rom es realu-rad ganxorcieldes?
_ vfiqrob, rom qveyanam calke uwy-veti ganaTlebis strategia unda Seimu-Saos da Sesabamisi RonisZiebebi ganaxor-cielos. problema isev Sromis bazars da im socialur-ekonimikur mdgomareobas ukavSirdeba, romelSic dRes qveyana imyofeba. mimaCnia, rom Tu yvelaferi is, rac saarCevno programaSia miTiTebuli kompleqsurad ganxorcieldeba, uwyveti ganaTlebis procesic amoqmeddeba. gekiT-xebiT, Tuki adamians, romelsac Sinagani motivacia ara aqvs imisa, rom misi codna da unarebi samomavlod dafasdeba, ra-tom Seecdeba kidev gaiRrmavos an miiRos axali codna? samwuxarod, es nihilizmi maraos principiT vrceldeba yvelaze da yvelaferze. amitom, vfiqrob, rom, roca qveyanaSi aRar iqneba avtoritaruli re-Jimi da depolitizebuli iqneba ganaTle-bis da mecnierebis sistema, yvela stra-tegias _ erovnuls, regionuls Tu dar-gobrivs _ momavali eqneba.
_ mivediT bolo SekiTxvamde. es aris kadrebis gadineba da maTi ukan dab-runeba. rogorc eqsperti, ras ityviT, rogor SeiZleba am procesis SeCereba da rogor SeiZleba im adamianebis ukan dabruneba, romlebmac sakuTari unari da niWi sxva qveyanaSi ufro gamoiyenes, vidre samSobloSi?
_ am SemTxvevaSi Cven vsaubrobT al-baT mecnierebze, romlebmac saqarTvelo datoves, radganac am qveyanaSi sakuTari Tavis realizeba ver moaxerxes. saqme isaa, rom Tu adamiani Teoriul mecnierebaSi muSaobs, kidev SeiZleba maT xelis Sewyo-basa da dabrunebaze saubari, magram gaci-lebiT mZime mdgomareobaa eqsperimentul dargebSi, radganac rac unda niWieri da kvalificiuri iyo, Tu Tanamedrove te-qnologiebiT aRWurvil laboratoria-sTan ar gaqvs saqme, ver gadixar evropul standartze. amitom, Zalian mniSvnelova-nia, rom maTi dabrunebis politika mimar-Tulebebisa da prioritetebis mixedviT SemuSavdes. dameTanxmebiT, roca adamiani muSaobs maRali standartis romeliRac laboratoriaSi da Cven imave standartis kvlevis Catarebis SesaZleblobas ver vaZlevT, dabrunebaze saubari zedmetia. amdenad, saxelmwifom unda izrunos, rom ganviTardes Sesabamisi infrastruqtura da ganisazRvros grZelvadiani priori-tetebi gansakuTrebiT teqnologiebis da inovaciebis ganviTarebis TvalsazrisiT.
cnobili faqtia, rom Tu qveyana mT-liani Sida produqtis erT procentze naklebs gamoyofs mecnierebaze, im qvey-anaSi mecniereba ar viTardeba. aq ar vgu-lisxmob mxolod saxelmwifo dafinanse-bas, rac Zalian xSirad mecnierTa mxridan arasworadaa interpretirebuli. amaSi igulisxmeba Tanamonawileoba rogorc saxelmwifo, ise kerZo seqtoris mxridan. da aq mivdivarT isev iqamde, rom ver ganvi-xilavT Tundac mecnierebas qveynis eko-nomikis ganviTarebis strategiis gare-Se. ganviTarebuli ekonomikis qveynebSi, kerZo seqtoris roli umniSvnelovanesia mecnierebis dafinansebaSi. amitom sa-xelmwifom unda Seqmnas Sesabamisi saka-nonmdeblo, instituciuri da finansuri meqanizmebi, rac umaRlesi saganmanaT-leblo dawesebulebebis mier samecniero kvlevebisa da Tanamedrove teqnologie-bis danergvas Seuwyobs xels.
unda gauqmdes regentTa sabWo da Seicvalos universitetis zedamxedvelobis meqanizmic
rodesac Cven vamtkicebT akredita-ciis standartebis damakmayofilebel ama Tu im saganmanaTleblo programas, mas xarisxis niSani eniWeba, magram realuri suraTi imisa, Tu rogor funqcionirebs es programa praqtikaSi, zogjer abso-luturad gansxvavebulia. amitom, unda gavarkvioT, ramdenad efeqturi da moq-nilia akreditebuli saganmanaTleblo programa da ra tipis meTodologiaa ga-mosayenebeli sasurveli Sedegis misaRe-bad. amis gasarkvevad, upirveles yovlisa, mniSvnelovania akademiuri personalis faqtori.
mogexsenebaT, rodesac esa Tu is piro-vneba akademiur konkursSi imarjvebs Ta-visi monografiebiT, SromebiT, saxelmZR-vaneloebiT, silabusebiT, saswavlo kon-cefciiTa da sxva naRvawiT, mas eqvswliani kontraqti uformdeba, magram es ar unda gaxdes am leqtorisTvis tkbobis safuZ-veli _ man wlidan wlamde unda daxvewos rogorc saswavlo programa, aseve, misi swavlebis meTodika. amisTvis, rasakvir-velia, gasaTvaliswinebelia studentebis azri.
misive TqmiT, garkveuli kriteri-umebia Camosayalibebeli eqspertTa SerCevis da prioritetebis gansazRvris drosac. `rodesac eqsperts aarCev, mas warudgen, risi Sefaseba ginda da ra kri-terumebia gasaTvaliswinebeli. amasTan,
kriteriumebi specialobebisa da mimar-Tulebis mixedviT unda dadgindes. ase-ve, ganisazRvros, ra aris mTavari zust da sabunebismetyvelo mecnierebebSi da ra _ vTqvaT, sazogadoebriv mecnie-rebebSi. aq igulisxmeba is, rom saer-TaSoriso JurnalebSi gamoqveynebuli statiebi zust da sabunebismetyvelo mecnierebebSi gacilebiT meti iqneba da es komponenti SerCevisas mniSvnelova-ni iqneba. sazogadoebriv mecnierebebSi sxva komponentma unda gadawyvitos ama Tu im kadris kvalifikacia da naSromis Rirebuleba. gansxvavebuli iqneba Se-fasebebi im mimarTulebebze, romlebic qveynisTvis mniSvnelovania (iqneba es
leqciis Semdeg nawilSi profesorma aRniSna, rom `kosmologiuri horizon-tis~ Sefaseba absoluturi mtkicebule-baa. es aris is uSoresi manZili, romelsac adamianis dakvirveba SeiZleba gawvdes da es ar aris damokidebuli, imaze, Tu ram-denad ganviTarebulia civilizacia. anu,
gia dvalma samyaros gafarToebis Se-saxeb saubari martivi kiTxviT daiwyo: ra aris samyaro? da axsna, rom samyaro cxovrobs sivrce-droSi da is mkvdari da usulo substancia ki ar aris, aramed dinamiuria imis gamo, rom arsebobs gra-vitacia. samyaros gafarToeba dvalma Seadara rezinis xaliCas da sapnis buStis zedapirs, romlebic Sesabamisad iWime-ba da ibereba. ras niSnavs es? es imas niS-navs, rom am sivrce-droiTi substanciis yoveli ubani drois mixedviT iWimeba, anu samyaroSi manZilebi izrdeba. `Tu am process videofilmis droSi ukan gad-moxvevas SevadarebT, mivalT samyaros dasawyisamde, anu istoriamde _ saidan modis samyaro? saidan movdivarT Cven?~ _ ganacxada mecnierma.
Tanamedrove samyaro dasawyisSi 10-25 santimetri zomis iyo. Semdeg samyaro Zalian swrafad farTovdeboda, rasac mohyva gafarToebis Seneleba da gadacxe-leba. Sedegad warmoiSva struqturebi, ma-teriebi da samyaros Tanamedrove suraTi (rac Cven varT). `ra gvaZlevs imis mtkice-bulebis uflebas, rom aseTi iyo samyaros ganviTarebis scenari? amis safuZvelia fizikis kanonebi. magaliTad, nebismier profesors, romelic aswavlis kosmolo-gias, SeuZlia aiRos carci da dafaze ga-moiyvanos samyaros suraTi dasawisidan dRevandlamde. aRmoCnda, rom samyaros warmoSobis Teoriuli winaswarmetyvele-bebi TiTqmis absoluturi sizustiT emTx-veva dakvirvebebs da es aris swored kaco-briobis mecnieruli azris triumfi, anu marto gonebiT, carciT da dafiT SegviZ-lia vTqvaT, Tu rogor daibada samyaro, rogor viTardeba is da ra moelis mas,~ _ aRniSna mecnierma.
mecnierma popularuli eniT axsna, rom higsis veli absoluturad yvelgan arsebobs. man igi Seadara adre arsebul universaluri eTeris Teorias da aRniS-na, rom higsis veli Cvenze gavlenas ax-dens, radganac is urTierTqmedebs im na-wilakebTan, romlisganac Cven SevdgebiT (anu protonebTan, eleqtronebTan) da Sesabamisad, mas masas aZlevs. `es is scenaa, sadac Cven yvela varsebobT,~ _ ganacxada man.
mecnierma aRniSna, rom mis mier gan-martebuli mecnieruli azris ori trium-fi ara marto fizikosebis kuTvnilebaa: `higsis nawilakis damzera, iseve rogorc de-en-em-is aRmoCena, ar aris mxolod fi-zikosebisa da biologebis kuTvnileba, es aris mecnieruli azris da saerTod, ka-cobriobis triumfi, radganac kacobrio-bas gaaCnia mecnieruli azri. sxvagvarad SeuZlebeli iqneboda raime kavSiri dagve-myarebina samyaros warsulTan, dRevande-lobasTan da momavalTan. am azris gareSe gveqneboda carieli zRaprebi, romlebic TavisTavad kargi movlenaa gonebis gavi-Tarebis TvalsazrisiT, magram miTebiT (romelic Zalian lamazi gamogonilia) da zRaprebiT ver gaigeb sinamdviles Seni warmoSobis Sesaxeb, ver gaigeb ra gelis momavalSi da ver daamyareb urTierTkav-Sirs, radgan miTi SeiZleba iyos usasru-lo raodenobis, xolo simarTle yovelT-vis erTia,~ _ brZana gia dvalma.
am magaliTebis moyvanis Semdeg mec-nierma ganmarta – ra mniSvneloba aqvs saRi azris, mecnieruli azris arsebobas. misi azriT, mecnieruli azris bazisi aris saRi azri, romelic Cvens gonebaSi raRac
formiT mudmivad moqmedebs da Tavs av-lens, radgan uamravi informaciidan Cven viRebT CvenTvis saWiro racionalur saR azrs, romelic saSualebas gvaZlevs vi-funqcioniroT. mecnierma aRniSna, rom tvinma icis, rogor gafiltros araswori informacia da gaerkves `mcdari infor-maciis tyeSi~, romelSic Cven vimyofebiT. ratom unda uSvebdes samyaro Tavis TavSi Semecnebadi tvinis arsebobas? amaze jer-jerobiT pasuxi ar arsebobs.
mecnierma dasva kiTxva, ras vakeTebT Cven, roca samyaros Secnobas vcdilobT? da Tavadve upasuxa, rom Cven samyaros SevimecnebT raRac CarCoSi, Semdeg amas garkveuli kanonebiT aRvwerT da mas Teo-rias veZaxiT. Teoria yovelTvis viRacis gonebaSi ibadeba da es Teoria raRac mo-mentSi mecnierulad aRiarebul azrad iqceva. magaliTad, niutonis kanoni mis tvinSi daibada. dRes is niutonis azri ki aRar aris, aramed mecnieruli azria. aqe-dan gamomdinare, adamianis tvinSi Casa-xuli mecnieruli azri ekuTvnis ara mas, aramed bunebas.
yovel Teorias aqvs Tavisi gamoyenebis areali, sadac is kargad muSaobs. roca am areals gascdebi, saWiroa Teoriis Sevse-ba. magaliTad, niutonis kanonebi kargad muSaobs mcire siCqareebze, magram sinaT-lis siCqaresTan miaxloebisas is ukve aRar funqcionirebs da saWiroa am Teo-riis gafarToeba. swored es gaakeTa al-bert anStainma fardobiTobis specialur TeoriaSi. `magram es ar aris Zveli Teori-is dangreva da mospoba. es aris ubralod misi gafarToeba. mecnieruli Teoriis Tviseba zustad is aris, rom is ar kvdeba. rogorc ki Teoria ava mecnieruli azris rangSi, is ukve aprobirebuli simarTlea. amis mere es simarTle SeiZleba modifi-cirdes ubralod imitom, rom is areali, sadamdec es simarTle miwvdeboda, SezRu-dulia,~ _ aRniSna mecnierma.
leqciis daskvniTi nawili Seexo mec-nieruli azris mniSvnelobas sazogadoe-bisaTvis. `mTeli Cveni praqtika aCvenebs imas, rom mecnieruli midgoma CvenTvis mxolod mniSvnelovani ki ara, gadamwyve-tia. anu, rogorc ki kvleva raRacnairad Sordeba mecnierul midgomas da saR azrs – xdeba katastrofa. es marto mecnierul kvlevaSi ar aris. yvela is socialuri ka-
tastrofebi da arademokratiul sazo-gadoebaSi `Cacurebebi~ aris imis Sedegi, rom sazogadoeba raRac momentSi saR azrs Sordeba. ras vakeTebT Cven univer-sitetSi? rodesac studenti modis Cven-Tan, Cven misgan maincdamainc fizikis an biologiis mkvlevars ki ar vamzadebT, Cven vzrdiT saRad moazrovnes. yvelaze mniSvnelovani, rac studentma universi-tetidan unda waiRos, aris is, rom man is-wavlos saRad azrovneba.~ _ ganacxada gia dvalma.
ramdenad mniSvnelovania mecniere-ba? ramdenad mniSvnelovania kvleva? am kiTxvebze mecnierma sxvadasxva mosazre-ba, maT Soris mecnierebis prestiJis sa-kiTxi ganixila. man gaakritika mosazreba, romlis mixedviTac, Tu sruluflebia-ni eri varT, mecniereba unda gvqondes, radganac is sxva qveynebs aqvT. `ra Tqma unda, es sruliad legitimuri azria da viziareb, rom mecniereba es prestiJis da TviTdamkvidrebis saqmea, magram es ar aris mTavari. mecnierebis arseboba qveyanaSi aucilebelia imitom, rom ar-sebobdes inteleqtualuri atmosfero. es aris praqtika, romelsac gviCvenebs uzarmazari msoflio gamocdileba. sau-keTeso variantia, roca studenti cod-nas iRebs mkvlevarisgan. ratom? imitom, rom mkvlevari yovelTvis dakavSirebu-lia mecnierul azrTan. cxadia, arseboben adamianebi, romlebic kvlevas naklebad ewevian, magram maT SeuZliaT studenti saR azrs aziaron. aseT SemTxvevaSi kvle-va Canacvldeba moazrovne adamianiT. me mecnieruli azrovneba ar damyavs iqamde, rom specialists maincdamanic wamyvan sa-mecniero JurnalebSi hqondes gamoqveyne-buli publikaciebi. aq laparakia moazro-vneze adamianze.
is faqtori, rom Cvens qveyanaSi xeli unda SevuwyoT mecnieruli azris gan-viTarebas, kaprizi ar aris. es aris yo-veldRiuri moTxovna, radganac mecniere-bis ganviTarebis gareSe studentebs ver vaswavliT mecnerul da, Sesabamisad, sa-Rad azrovnebas. es ar exeba mxolod sabu-nebismetyuvelo mecnierebas da saerTod mecnierebas, es aris adamianis moRvaweo-bis mTeli sfero, amitom am sakiTxze maq-simaluri aqcenti unda gakeTdes. Cven ar varT Zalian didi bunebrivi resursebis patroni. Sesabamisad, Cveni resursi unda gaxdes inteleqti, romelic qveyanas unda daexmaros!~ _ am sityvebiT gia dvalma sa-jaro leqcia daasrula.
P.S. gia dvalis leqcia sruli anSla-
gis fonze mimdinareobda. misi mosmenis msurvelTa raodenoba imdenad didi iyo, rom Tavdapirvelad SerCeulma audito-riam ver daitia da universitetis admi-nistraciam leqciisTvis saaqto darbazi gamoyo. gansakuTrebiT sasixarulo iyo msmenelTa Soris uamravi studentis nax-va, romelTa didi nawili darbazis kibeeb-ze isxda da Tvals adevnebda gia dvalsa da qarTvel mecnierTa Soris leqciis Semdeg gamarTul kiTxva-pasuxsa da diskusias. kiTxvebis dasmaSi studentebic aqtiu-robdnen. mecnieri kmayofili darCa dar-bazTan interaqciiT da ganacxada, rom Tu sazogadoebis moTxovna iqneba, amgvar le-qcias uaxloes momavalSi kidev Caatarebs.
mniSvnelovani iyo sabakalavro do-neze saswavlo programebis gadaxedva, ris Sedegadac es programebi ufro rea-listuri gaxda. studentebis mxridan danaxul xarvezebze movaxdineT reagi-reba da es procesi dResac grZeldeba. momavali semestridan moxdeba rogorc samagistro, ise sadoqtoro programebis gadaxedva-gadaxaliseba. gvinda, iseTi saswavlo programebi gvqondes, romelic mimzidveli iqneba ara marto Sromis baz-risTvis, aramed studentebisTvisac. saintereso kvlevas vatarebT marketin-gis da sainformacio teqnologiebis ka-TedrasTan erTad. gamovkiTxeT III da IV kursis daaxloebiT 1000-mde studenti, romelTa didi nawili dasaqmebulia da amis gamo maTi umravlesoba seminarebze siaruls ver axerxebs. Cven ki ar gvinda, rom studentma samsaxuris xarjze swav-la ver moaxerxos. Tu kvlevam aCvena, rom studentebis umravlesoba muSaobs da maTTvis misaRebia dRis meore naxevarSi an saRamos swavleba, maSin fakultetze es cvlilebac ganxorcieldeba. gvinda, xeli SevuwyoT studentebs, rom paral-elurad SeZlon muSaobac da leqciebze siarulic.
ekonomikisa da biznesis fakultetze ganxorcielda erToblivi samagistro programa ienis universitetTan. pir-velma nakadma gviCvena, rom programa sakmaod warmatebuli da sainteresoa, ramac gamoiwvia studentebis 3-jer meti raodenobis miReba. momavali wlidan ki-dev erTi samagistro programa amoqmed-deba.
fakultetis biujetis formirebis dros mkafiod gamovyaviT muxli pro-fesor-maswavleblebisTvis samecniero kvleviTi saqmianobis dafinansebis gazr-dis Sesaxeb. praqtikulad, es sakiTxi ukve gadawyvetilia. profesor-maswav-leblebs unda hqondeT finansuri re-sursi, raTa samecniero kvlevebi upro-blemod ganaxorcielon. aseve, vapirebT proeqtis momzadebas, romelic akademi-ur personals mkafio mimarTulebas mis-cems, gansazRvros sakuTari saqmianobis ZiriTadi komponentebi, Tu ra evaleba mas erTi akademiuri saswavlo wlis gan-mavlobaSi.
Cven gavzrdiT Tanxebs saerTaSoriso konferenciebSi ara marto profesor-
Ta, aramed studentTa monawileobisa da aqtivobebisTvisac. am mxriv es weli war-matebuli gvqonda. yvela students hqon-da saSualeba, monawileoba mieRo Ronis-ZiebebSi. SeZlebisdagvarad vizruneT maT dafinansebazec. momavali wlidan am mimarTulebiT dafinanseba gaormagebu-lia. imedi gvaqvs, axali weli kidev ufro warmatebuli da nayofieri iqneba.
universitetis 95 wlis iubile-sTan dakavSirebiT gaimarTeba pirve-li safakulteto konferencia zust da sabunebismetyvelo mecnierebebSi. konferenciaze moxsenebiT gamova fa-kultetis yvela doqtoranti, samec-niero da saswavlo-samecniero stru-qturuli erTeulis warmomadgeneli. konferencia tradiciuli gaxdeba da yovelwliurad Catardeba. iubile-sTan dakavSirebiT gamova `maTematika” - samecniero-popularuli Jurnali moswavleebis da maswavleblebisTvis, romelic sabavSvo universitetis ukve tradiciul RonisZiebebTan erTad, ki-dev ufro met popularobas moutans Cven universitets.
2013 wels moxdeba saswavlo labora-toriebis infrastruqturis ganaxleba, rac mniSvnelovnad gaaumjobesebs stu-dentebisa da maswavleblebis samuSao pirobebs. fakultetze yovelwliurad tardeba saintereso studenturi kon-kursebi, rogoricaa, magaliTad: stu-denturi naSromebis konkursi da stu-denturi inovaciebis konkursi. momaval wels es RonisZiebebi ufro mravalfero-vani gaxdeba da kidev ufro met stu-dents eqneba saSualeba Tavisi potencia-lis gamovlenis.
universitetis yvela students da TanamSromels, maT ojaxebs vulocav damdeg 2013 wels! sixaruli, warmateba, natvris axdena da sxva mravali sikeTe moetanos maTTvis damdeg axal wels!
moamzada Tamar dadianma
iniciativebi fakultetebidan
axal welze orientirebuli imedebimeSvide gverdidan
Tbilisis universiteti 9
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mariam lorTqifaniZe,akademikosi:
_ ganaTlebis sistemaSi dRes rom sakmaod arasaxarbielo mdgomareobaa, es yvelam viciT, amitom, mimaCnia _ saswrafod unda Seiqmnas profesiona-lebisgan Semdgari komisia, romelic, pirvel rigSi, Seiswavlis _ ra mdgoma-reobaa dRes am sferoSi. komisiam unda SeimuSaos Tavisi winadadebebi, romlis ganxilvaSi CaerTveba mTeli sazoga-doeba, maT Soris, skolebisa da umaRle-si saswavleblebis pedagogebi da pro-fesorebi. Cemi azriT, aucilebelia, skolebSi gamoswordes mdgomareoba, gansakuTrebiT dawyebiT klasebSi.
ganaTlebis sistemaSi bevri ram aris mosagvarebeli da amas dro das-Wirdeba. vTvli, rom reformebi unda ganxorcieldes qvemodan zemoT. ar SeiZleba es sfero viRacis interesebs moergos. masSi ganxorcielebuli cv-lilebebi sazogadoebis gansjis sagani unda gaxdes. imeds vitoveb, rom Cvens ganaTlebis sistemasac eSveleba.
iago kaWkaWiSvili,Tsu-is socialur da politikur
mecnierebaTa fakultetissruli profesori:
_ CemTvis mniSvnelovania ganaTle-bisa da mecnierebis ministris giorgi margvelaSvilis mosazreba imis Tao-baze, romelic umaRlesi saswavleble-bis avtonomiurobas Seexeba. ministrma sruliad araorazrovnad miuTiTa, rom mTavari strategia ganaTlebis samini-stros mxridan iqneba avtonomiurobis gazrda, rac imas niSnavs, rom samini-stro minimalurad Caereva saganmanaT-leblo institutebis marTvasa da mo-qmedebis strategiis gansazRvraSi. am SemTxvevaSi ganaTlebisa da mecniere-bis saministro iqneba mxolod marT-vis procesSi xelSemwyobi organo, romelic saganmanaTleblo saswavleb-lebs daexmareba garkveuli proeqte-bis an sxva saxis menejmentis, anda mo-nitoringis garkveuli meqanizmebis ganxorcielebaSi. magram, amave dros, saministros mxridan ar ganxorciel-deba diqtati saswavlo organizacieb-ze. piradad me amis molodini maqvs.
rasakvirvelia, es erTgvarad ga-mowvevac aris, radgan, erTi mxriv, av-
tonomiurobis uzrunvelyofa kargia, magram, meore mxriv, saswavlo dawese-bulebebis pasuxismgeblobis xarisxi izrdeba, vinaidan maT gadawyveti-lebebis miReba damoukideblad mou-wevT. ar gamovricxav, rom zogierTi umaRlesi saswavlebeli ar aRmoCndes mzad avtonomiur reJimSi funqcioni-rebisTvis. aseT SemTxvevaSi, Tu sas-wavlebelma realobas Tvali ver gaus-wora, Sesabamisad, konkurenciaSi da-marcxdeba. Cemi azriT, Tsu, romelic dRes arsebuli akademiuri persona-liT aris warmodgenili, arsebiTad da ZiriTadad, unariania avtonomiur reJimSi iarsebos da amitom mas meti Tavisufleba unda mieniWos.
_ qveynis mTavrobis mier ganaT-leba da mecniereba deklarirebulia prioritetul dargad. rogorc ga-naTlebisa da mecnierebis saministro, aseve, ekonomikuri gundi, ZiriTadad, warmodgenilia mecnierebiT, romle-bic aRiareben am sferos aqtualobas transformirebad sazogadoebaSi, icnoben qveynis saganmanaTleblo si-stemis reformirebis Sedegebis sust
da Zlier mxareebs, gansakuTrebiT mis sawyis etapze daSvebul Secdomebs.
swored es garemoeba da moqmedi premier-ministr biZina ivaniSvilis mier ganxorcielebuli samecenato sa-qmianobis masStabebi am sferoSi gana-pirobebs molodins, rom mTlianad sa-ganmanaTleblo sistemaSi da, konkre-tulad, ivane javaxiSvilis saxelobis Tbilisis saxelmwifo universitetSi SemWidroebul vadebSi moixsneba so-cialuri daZabuloba, moxdeba univer-sitetis dafinansebis normalizacia, sagrZnoblad gaumjobesdeba mate-rialur-teqnikuri baza.
vTvli, rom dafinansebis wyaroebSi saxelmwifos dominanturma poziciam ar unda Seamciros universitetis av-tonomiuroba, piriqiT, sauniversite-to ganaTleba unda aigos avtonomiis gafarToebis safuZvelze.
cxadia, mecnieruli Ziebis Tavi-suflebas Tan unda axldes universi-tetis uklebliv yvela akademiuri da administraciuli personalis pasu-xismgebloba sazogadoebisa da qvey-
nis winaSe _ gamoxatuls TiToeuli maTganis survilsa da SesaZlebloba-Si aimaRlos profesiuli codna, iyos keTilsindisierebisa da zneobriobis matarebeli.
mzeqala SaniZe,akademikosi:
_ CvenTvis, mecnierebisTvis, es molodinebi SeiZleba axali iyos, ma-gram moTxovnebi Zvelia. Cven am sfe-roSi arsebul problemebze wina xe-lisuflebis drosac vsaubrobdiT, magram aravin gvismenda. ganaTleba da mecniereba mWidrod aris erTmaneTTan dakavSirebuli da maTi gancalkeveba ar SeiZleba, magram, amave dros, maTi kavSiri sworad unda ganisazRvros.
pirvel rigSi, skolam bavSvs iseTi ganaTleba unda misces, rom igi umaRles saswavlebelSi akademiurad, fsiqolo-giurad da mentalurad ukve momzade-buli movides. ra Tqma unda, ar SeiZleba davubrundeT swavlebis im models, ro-melic odesRac gvqonda. jer kidev 30 wlis win Cems studentebs veubnebodi, rom CvenTan swavla, daaxloebiT, Sua saukuneebis doneze mimdinareobs.
Cemi gamocdilebis mixedviT SemiZ-lia vTqva, rom, pirvel rigSi, skoleb-sa da umaRles saswavleblebs Soris ufro mWidro kavSiria saWiro. axali reformis Semdegac vmuSaobdi teste-bis gasworebaze da ver davinaxe, rom skolis moswavleebis codnis done gazrdilia. Cemi azri maqvs imazec, Tu rogor unda mimdinareobdes umaRles saswavlebelSi momavali pedagogiuri kadrebis momzadeba. vTvli, rom is sa-baziso codna, romelic maswavlebelma
moswavles unda gadasces, aucileb-lad umaRles saswavlebelSi unda mi-iRos studentma.
ganaTlebis sferoSi, ra Tqma unda, cvlilebebi aucilebelia, magram sa-Wiroa rogorc meTodologiuri, Teo-riuli, ise organizaciuli gaazreba.
magaliTad, samecniero institu-tebi rom daSales da universitetebs dauqvemdebares, sworia es Tu ara, ama-ze pasuxis gacema arc Tu ise martivia. ra Tqma unda, umaRles saswavleblebs SeiZleba hqondeT kvleviTi erTeule-bi, oRond srulfasovani. garda amisa, principulad unda ganisazRvros _ urTierToba samecniero kvleviT in-stitutsa da universitets Soris.
Cven velodebiT, rom damTavrdeba Cveni mecnierebis ugulebelyofa; ve-lodebiT, rom dagviZaxeben da rCevas gvkiTxaven. magaliTad, Tsu-Si filo-logiis mecnierebaTa fakultetze funqcionirebda samecniero erTeu-lebi _ toponimikis laboratoria da akaki SaniZis mier daarsebuli labo-ratoria `orioni~. samwuxarod, dRes
`orioni~ arsebobs mxolod qaRaldze, xolo formalur xelmZRvanelad me viTvlebi. laboratoriam, romelic xelnawerTa gamoqveynebaze muSaobda, Tavisi samecniero saqmianoba 2006 wli-dan SeaCera. rac Seexeba toponimikis laboratorias, misi daxurva danaSau-lia. am yvelaferze dafiqrebaa saWiro da Secdomebis gamosasworeblad Semx-vedri nabijebis gadadgmas moveli.
irma ratiani,literaturis institutis
direqtori:
_ ganaTlebis sferoSi cvlile-bebi saWiroa da axali xelisuflebis pirobebSi am mimarTulebiT molodini namdvilad arsebobs, maT Soris gamo-vyofdi samecniero kvlevebis xelSe-wyobas da universitetis profesuris Rirsebis dabrunebis sakiTxs.
Cemi azriT, universitetis saxes warmoadgens misi profesura da ami-tom igi universitetSi yvelaze dafa-sebuli da Rirseuli persona unda iyos. ara mgonia, dRes vinmes axsovdes romelime didi mecnieris moRvaweobis dros _ Tu vin muSaobda administra-ciaSi. ase rom, am wodebam unda daibru-nos Tavisi Rirseba da akademiuri Ta-visufleba, raTa dagegmos swavlebis kursi ise, rogorc mas miaCnia saWirod. amasTan, profesoris anazRaureba unda Seesabamebodes mis statuss _ es sakiTxi Zalian mniSvnelovania yvela qveyanaSi da CvenTanac aseve unda iyos.
reformis axali talRis dros gansakuTrebuli yuradReba unda mie-niWos samecniero kvlevebs. me vxelmZ-Rvanelob samecniero kvleviT insti-tuts da SemiZlia vTqva, rom anazRau-reba, romelsac mecnierebi iReben, Seuracxmyofelia iseTi adamianebisT-vis, romlebic inteleqtualur sar-bielze moRvaweoben. inteleqti xom mniSvnelovania iseTi patara qveynis winsvlisa da ganviTarebisTvis, rogo-ric saqarTveloa. amis resursi Cven-Tan, sabednierod, arsebobs da misi sworad gamoyenebis SemTxvevaSi Cvens qveyanas SeeZleba sakuTari Rirse-bis dacva da saerTaSoriso dialogSi CarTva. amitom am adamianebs Zalian unda movufrTxildeT, Torem davdge-biT inteleqtualuri krizisis winaSe, es ki savalalo iqneba qveynisTvis. vi-survebdi, rom axalma xelisuflebam xeli Seuwyos mecnierebis ganviTare-bas yvela TvalsazrisiT.
da, mTavari msajis movaleobas TviTon asrulebda. SeiZleba gagikvirdeT, magram studentTa samecniero sauniversiteto konferenciebs, plenarul sxdomebsac ki batoni niko uZRveboda, Semajamebeli sx-domis Tavmjdomarec TviTon iyo. yvelas gulisyuriT usmenda, Semdeg am konfe-renciebsa da olimpiadebze gamarjvebul studentebs sxvadasxvagvarad asaCuqreb-da. maT Tavis kabinetSi Sekrebda, jer madlobas gadauxdida, Seaqebda da Semdeg daajildovebda xolme zogs samecniero mivlinebiT, zogs _ dasasvenebeli sagzu-riT da sxva. erTxel me da Cemi megobrebi: Tengiz buaCiZe, giga paiWaZe, roman mimino-Svilic movxvdiT dajildoebulTa ricxv-Si. Cven samecniero mivlineba ruseTSi gvindoda da man es survili agvisrula.
sxvaTaSoris, warmatebebi sportSic mqonda. erTi aseTi jildo `xulignobi-Tac~ movipove. me da sargis caiSvilma krivSi miviReT monawileoba. qvemZime wona ar hyavdaT da me wamiyvanes. sxvaTa Soris, es rom Cemma dekanma gaigo, SemomiTvala, eg xuligani TvaliT ar damenaxoso.
bolos ki minda vTqva: sasiamovnoa, rom Tbilisis saxelmwifo universiteti erTerTi keraa, romelic am ori xalxis urTierTobis ganmtkicebas uwyobs xels. Cven mier dawyebuli propaganda xSirad siyvarulSi gadadis. saukunovani mego-brobis manZilze am urTierTobaSi bzari ar gaCenila.
_ Cemi meuRle neli gogitiZe, univer-sitetSi gavicani. igi rusuli enis spe-cialistia. ori vaJi da oTxi SviliSvili myavs. am mxrivac gamimarTla - bednieri mama da babua var.
sabWoTa warsulSi `politikurad arasaimedo elementebis“ naTeli awmyo da momavali
akademikosi oTar baqaniZe RimiliT ambobs, rom misi biografia Zalian hgavs mis-ive Taobis adamianebis istoriebs, romelTac cxovreba umZimes periodSi mouwiaT _ maTma umetesobam erTad gadaitana omi, mSoblebis gadasaxleba, sicive, SimSili... Tumca, rac ar unda gasakviri iyos, bevrma ara marto gauZlo im autanel mZime poli-tikur da socialur garemos, aramed TavianTi sityva Tqva xelovnebaSi, mecniere-basa Tu sportSi da didi memkvidreobac datova. arc batoni oTari CamorCeba maT rigebs da amaSi Tavad misi mdidari biografia dagarwmunebT.
oTar baqaniZe _ filologiis mecnierebaTa doqtori; profesori; Tsu-is erovnul literaturaTa, literaturul urTierTobaTa da Targ-manis kaTedris gamge (1976-2006); rusistikis, slavmcodneobisa da kul-turaTaSorisi komunikaciis institutis direqtori (2005); ukrainistikis institutis direqtori (2007 wlidan dRemde); akademikosi; saqarTvelos literaTuraTmcodneobis akademiis prezidenti; saqarTvelos mec-nierebis damsaxurebuli moRvawe; klubis `ukraina~ da asociaciis `saqa-rTvelo-ukraina~ prezidenti; ukrainis kulturis damsaxurebuli moR-vawe, pavlo tiCinas saxelobis ukrainis saxelmwifo premiis laureati; taras SevCenkos saxelobis kievis nacionaluri universitetis sapatio doqtori; `Rirsebis~ ordenisa da ukrainis saxelmwifo sami ordenis ka-valeri da sxva.
oTar baqaniZe
profili
Tbilisis universiteti
tsunewspaper @ tsu.ge www.tsu.gewww.tsu.ge
12nato obolaZe
saubris Tema _ sakiTxebi, romle-bic sainteresoa sazogadoebisTvis, aqtualuri qveynisTvis da mniSvnelovani saqarTveloSi demokratiis ganviTare-bisTvis. saubris monawileebi _ eqsper-tebi, gadawyvetilebebis mimRebi pirebi da studentebi _ ukve ori welia `soci-um.ge~-s sadiskusio klubSi, aRniSnul formatSi, yovelkvireuli Sexvedrebi ewyoba. klubi socialur da politikur mecnierebaTa fakultetis profesoris amiran berZeniSvilis iniciativiT Seiqm-na. mizani studentebisTvis Tavisufali sadiskusio sivrcis Seqmna, maTi mosaz-rebebis dafiqsireba, sawinaaRmdego az-ris mosmenis unaris gamomuSaveba, axal-gazrdebis sauniversiteto Tu, zogadad, sazogadoebisTvis aqtualuri sakiTxe-biT daintereseba gaxldaT. dReisTvis aRniSnuli formatis sadiskusio klubis istoria ukve ramdenime aTeul mowveul stumarsa da amdenive problematuri sakiTxis ganxilvas moicavs. maT Soris: saqarTvelos konfliqtur regionebs, Tsu-is TviTmmarTvelobis arCevnebs, ombucmenobis saxalxo kandidatebTan Sexvedrebs da a.S. sadiskusio klubi so-cialur da politikur mecnierebaTa fa-kultetze arsebobis 7 wels iTvlis.
`sadiskusio klubs win uswrebda sa-mecniero wreebi, romlebic axlac arse-bobs, magram es wreebi imdenad aqtiurad aRar muSaoben miuxedavad imisa, rom es niWieri da SedarebiT Tamami axalgazr-debisTvis kargi areali iyo. adre isini msjelobdnen samecniero Temebze, ake-Tebdnen moxsenebebs da kamaTobdnen. da-sawyisSi Cven ar vTvlidiT saWirod, rom am SekrebebisTvis ,,sadiskusio klubi” dagverqva. vardebis revoluciis Sem-deg velodiT, rom qveyanaSi seriozuli demokratiuli cvlilebebi daiwyeboda. rodesac mivxvdiT, rom ase ar moxda _ SeizRuda Tavisufali media, romelic faqtobrivad ideologizirebuli gaxda, gaCnda saWiroeba Tavisuflad moazro-vne adamianebisTvis, gansakuTrebiT ki studentebisTvis, Seqmniliyo Tavisufa-li sadiskusio areali. Sedegad dafuZn-da sadiskusio klubi, sadac modiodnen ara mxolod bakalavrebi, aramed magi-strantebi, doqtorantebi, axalgazrda maswavleblebi. maSinac viwvevdiT iseT
stumrebs, romlebic kritikuli azrov-nebiT gamoirCeodnen an sazogadoebrivi azris Camoyalibebaze garkveuli gav-lena hqondaT. amiT vcdilobdiT gamo-vxmaurebodiT mniSvnelovan movlenebs. ,,sadiskusio klubi” dReisTvis arsebu-li formatiT ukve TiTqmis ori welia funqcionirebs. am drois ganmavlobaSi vcdilobdiT sazogadoebis wiaRidan is adamiani mogvewvia, romelic inteleqtu-al pirovnebad iTvleba da obieqturad moazrovne gaxlavT~, _ ganacxada sa-diskusio klubis damfuZnebelma, Tsu-is profesorma amiran berZeniSvilma.
`stumrebisa da Temis SerCevis krite-riumi Zalian martivia. studentebi irCe-ven maTTvis saintereso Temas da Semdeg viwvevT im stumars, romelic aRniSnul sakiTxSi kompetenturia, garkveuli gamocdilebac aqvs da SesaZloa samec-niero kuTxiTac umuSavia. sxvaTaSoris, universitetSi bevri organizaciaa, ro-melic sazogadoebaSi ufro aqtiurad Cans, magaliTad, `laboratoria 1918~, `narinjisferebi~... da Cven zogjer gvis-vamen kiTxvas, ori wlis ganmavlobaSi Tu ras vakeTebdiT. vfiqrob, swored `sa-diskusio klubma~ Seqmna precedenti da agrZnobina studentebs, rom SeuZliaT sakuTari azris Tavisuflad dafiqsire-ba. socialur da politikur mecniere-baTa fakultetze TviTmmarTvelobaSi
4 damoukidebeli kandidati gavida, rac klubis muSaobis erTerTi damsaxure-bacaa~, _ gviTxra sadiskusio klubis erTerTma damfuZnebelma, socialur da politikur mecnierebaTa fakultetis studentma giorgi grigolaSvilma.
`iyvnen adamianebi, romlebsac ar mos-wondaT Cven mier mowveuli stumrebi. `universitetis mtrebi mogyavT batono amiran?~ _ iyo amgvari kiTxvebic. Cven vfiqrobdiT, rom karg saqmes vakeTebT! umaRles saswavlebelSi, miT umetes so-cialur da politikur mecnierebaTa fakultetze, sadac socialuri da po-litikuri Teoriebi da ideologiebi is-wavleba, ar SeiZleba adamians Tavisufal azrovnebas uSlide! Cven, ra Tqma unda, ar vgulisxmobT imas, rom studentma Ta-vis politikur Tu kulturul Sexedu-lebebsa da Rirebulebebze auditoriaSi leqciaze ikamaTos.
aRsaniSnavia, rom universitetis administraciam gamogviyo 115-e audi-toria, sadac sadiskusio klubis Sex-vedrebi imarTeba. reqtoris mrCeveli, qalbatoni marina lomouri ki, SeZlebis-dagvarad, yovelTvis xels gviwyobs~, _ aRniSna amiran berZeniSvilma.
Tbilisis saxelmwifo universitetSi bolo periodis ganmavlobaSi ramdenime studenturi organizacia Camoyalibda. magaliTad, sadiskusio klubs studen-tebis nawili gamoeyo da `sociologTa klubi~ daafuZna da a.S. studentebis gaaqtiurebas sadiskusio klubis dam-
fuZneblebi dadebiTad afaseben da fi-qroben, rom konkurencia maTi saqmiano-bis gaumjobesebas xels Seuwyobs. isini am droisTvis ukve klubis ganaxlebul formatze muSaoben.
`cnobili adamianebis, gadawyvetile-bebis mimRebi pirebis sadiskusio klub-Si mowveva ganpirobebuli iyo imiT, rom gvindoda studentebis mniSvnelovan mov-lenebSi CarTulobisTvis maqsimalurad Segvewyo xeli. axla vaviwroebT Cveni sa-qmianobis areals da ufro metad akademi-urs vxdiT. oTxSabaTobiT imarTeba samec-niero wris Sexvedrebi, romelsac batoni amirani xelmZRvanelobs. Cven gadavwyvi-teT, rom yoveli oTxSabaTisTvis romeli-me studentma moamzados garkveuli Tema. mas eyoleba oponenti da Temis prezenta-ciisa da oponirebis Semdeg gavmarTavT diskusias. aRniSnul sakiTxTan dakavSire-biT ki SabaTs sadiskusio klubSi mowveul stumarTan erTad vimsjelebT. ar gvinda erT formatze SeCereba, gvinda ufro me-tad ganvviTardeT~, _ ganacxada sadis-kusio klubis damfuZnebelma, socialur da politikur mecnierebaTa fakultetis studentma mixeil gabeliam.
axali wlidan sadiskusio klubis damfuZneblebi aplikaciebis sistemis SemoRebasac gegmaven. Sesabamisad Sexve-drebSi monawile studentebs klubis aso-cirebuli wevris statusis miRebac SeeZ-lebaT. ase rom, `socium.ge~-s sadiskusio klubi ganaxlebuli formatiT muSaobas momdevno semestridan ganagrZobs.
pirveli qaRaldis fulis pro-totipi ki CineTSi Seiqmna jer ki-dev IX saukunis dasawyisSi. didi mniSvnelovani saqmeebi did Tan-xebs moiTxovda, amitom impera-torma maRali xarisxis qaRaldi daabeWdina, romelzec datanili niSnebi 10 000 spilenZis monetis magivrobas swevda. banknotebis masiurad beWdva 1024 wels dai-wyo, rac omis mizeziT gazrdili saxelmwifo xarjebis gazrdam ga-moiwvia. amas monetebi ver uzrun-velyofdnen maTi simcirisa da Zne-lad transportirebadobis gamo. xalxi am fulis gamoyenebas rom SeCveoda, yubilai yaenma erTi pe-riodis manZilze mTlianad akrZa-la liTonis fulis moxmareba. qa-Raldis fuli nawilobriv uzrun-velyofili iyo liTonis maragiT, magram, rodesac maragi amoiwura, fuls saerTod yovelgvari garan-tiebis gareSe uSvebdnen, ramac qaRaldis fulis saSineli gaufa-sureba gamoiwvia. qaRaldis bank-notebis Sesaxeb araerTi mogzauri gvinaxavs cnobebs, magaliTad – marko polo, ibn-batuta da sxvebi. CineTSi xalxi savaWrod oqros da vercxlis fuls aRar iyenebda. qa-Raldis banknotebze dasmuli iyo imperatoris beWdis niSani. Cingiz-xanis mmarTveloba am kupiurebs Tavisuflad cvlida oqroze.
evropaSi banknotebi Sedare-biT gvian gamoCnda. 1661 wels stokholmis, kerZo, saemisio bank-ma pirveli oficialuri bankno-tebi dabeWda evropaSi. am dromde evropelebi iyenebdnen veqsils _ es aris mokle an grZelvadiani xelSekruleba or mxares Soris,
romelic mis (veqsilis) gamcems avaldebulebs daTqmul dros winaswar SeTanxmebuli Tanxis ga-daxdas.
1945 wels meore msoflio omiT gamowveuli krizisidan ga-mosasvlelad da saerTaSoriso ekonomikuri sistemisTvis sti-mulis misacemad, breton-vudsSi Seiqmna e.w. breton-vudsis siste-ma, romelmac saerTaSoriso sa-vaWro da sagadasaxado sistemaSi amerikuli dolaris `gabatoneba” gamoiwvia. am sistemaSi 1914 wlam-de inglisur sterlings lideris pozicia ekava.
1971 wlamde banknotebis mflobelebs ufleba hqondaT, sabazro fasis Sesabamisad, qa-Raldis fuli nebismier dros ga-daecvalaT oqroze. am dros banks sacavSi imdeni oqro unda hqonoda, ra Rirebulebis kupiurebic hqon-da mas emisirebuli. 1971 wels ki, saerTaSoriso xelSekrulebis sa-fuZvelze, banknotebma es ufleba dakarges. Tumca, zogierTma qvey-anam es procesi pirveli msoflio omis Semdeg ganaxorciela. iqe-dan moyolebuli dRemde qaRal-dis fuli arc erT liTonze araa mibmuli da Tavisuflad curavs msoflio savaluto sistemaSi~, _ aRniSna giorgi baqraZem.
man Tavis leqciaSi aseve sain-teresod, qronologiurad mi-moixila pirveli sakredito in-strumentebis, sabanko saqmis ganviTarebis istoria da Taname-droveoba. Tu ra mniSvnelovani saxecvlilebebi ganicada fulma aTaswleulebis ganmavlobaSi da, ra Tqma unda, misi dRevandeli saxec, romelic absoluturad gansxvavdeba pirveli fulis pro-totipisgan.
codna unda ara mxolod fulis Sovnas,aramed mis istoriasac
vebebian _ amiT mwerali paral-els avlebs adamianebis bedTan da dasZens, rom warsulis gareSe momavali ver iarsebebs, adamiani codoa warsulis gareSe. Tumca, ana korZaia-samadaSvili imasac aRniSnavs, rom mxolod warsu-liT cxovrebac ar SeiZleba, sa-Wiroa balansis dacva, rasac didi gamocdileba sWirdeba.
Sexvedraze qalbatonma anam mouTxro studentebs saintere-so istoriebi Zveli Tbilisis re-alobidan.
`dRevandelma DdRem kidev er-Txel cxadyo, rom Tsu-is stu-dentebi did interess iCenen Tana-medrove qarTveli mwerlebisa da maTi Semoqmedebisadmi, gansa-kuTrebiT iseTi avtorebis mi-marT, rogorebic ana korZaia-sa-madaSvili da rezo TabukaSvilia. madloba maT Tsu-is `sakvirao li-teraturul klubSi” stumrobisa da saintereso diskusiisTvis~, _ aRniSna klubis xelmZRvanelma da-viT maziaSvilma.
Sexvedris dasasrul mwerali ana korZaia–samadaSvili klubis wevrebs dahpirda, rom uaxloes momavalSi igi kidev estumre-ba maT da moawyobs Tavisi axali wignis prezentacias. studentebi mouTmenlad elian Semdeg Sexve-dras.
tacebaa, magram fiqrobs _ momavalSi am saqmes ufro seriozulad, Semo-qmedebiTad miudges da mis mier fotoobieqtiT dana-xuli samyaro sxvebisTvi-sac saintereso gaxados.
„UNIkadri“ pirveli fotokonkursi iyo, ro-melSic man monawileoba miiRo. gamarjvebis Sem-deg ki cdilobs fotoxe-lovnebiT ufro serio-zulad dainteresdes da aqtiuri monawileoba mi-iRos konkursebSi. giorgi cdilobs Tavisi saTqme-li kalmiTac gamoxatos. bavSvobidan wers leqsebs, moTxrobebs, Canaxatebs. am mimarTulebiTac fi-qrobs, rom warmatebas miaRwevs da Tsu-is so-cialur da politikur mecnierebaTa fakulte-tis literaturul kon-kursSi _ `Tavisufali vardna~ gaimarjvebs.
saTqmeli. yvelaferi mainteresebs, yvelafers vuRrmavdebi... sabolo-od, albaT, SemoqmedebiT adamianad Camovyalibdebi da vecdebi, rasac gavake-Teb nayofieri da Rirebu-li iyos.
fotokonkursis Sesa-xeb roca gavige, maSinve gadavwyvite masSi monawi-leoba. mindoda `dameWi-ra~ kadri, romelic marT-la, realurad asaxavda studentur cxovrebas. rogorc Cans, mcdelo-ba kargad gamomivida da gavimarjve. bavSvobidan vpaparacobdi, yvelas guls vuwyalebdi Cemi zedmeti `yuradRebiT~. Tu sadme TefSi gatydebo-da, imasac ki viRebdi... da ai, gamimarTla: Cemi fo-toTi dainteresdnen da gavimarjve kidec. minda, madloba gadavuxado kon-kursis organizatorebs~, _ Tqva giorgim CvenTan saubarSi.
rogorc zemoT aRv-niSneT, es konkursi war-matebuli gamodga Tsu-is
socialur da politikur mecnierebaTa fakulte-tis studentisTvis ma-riam griSaSvilisTvisac. igi Tavs moyvarul foto-grafad Tvlis, fotogra-fia misi hobia. ramdenad ucnauradac unda mo-geCvenoT, sakuTari foto aparatic ki ar aqvs da am sferoTi dainteresebac ar yofila misi iniciati-va. amisken mas Turme mego-barma nuca nadiraSvilma ubiZga da `profesiuli~ saidumloebebic swored man aswavla. swored nu-cam `aiZula~ mariami „UNI-kadrSi“ Tavisi foto gaeg-zavna.