Everyday English in Conversation Does it happen to you that sometimes you feel frustrated because you find yourself unable to express yourself clearly and yet when you hear native speakers, you feel that it is so simple and easy? In this section, we will focus on learning idiomatic and everyday expressions to help us deal with daily conversational situations. As each dialogue is accompanied with carefully designed exercises, follow the recommended steps and practice at your own pace. Now, surf into Everyday English in Conversation!!! You're so difficult to get through to! You're so difficult to get through to! Top of Form The following is a dialogue between John and Sydney. While listening, think of the following questions. Play the dialogue as many times as you want. • What happened when John called Ben last night? • What was Ben probably doing when John called him? • Was John frustrated? • What did the speakers in the dialogue think Ben should do? Operator: Pacific Bell. May I help you? Dave: Yes. I'd like to set up a telephone service, please. The following is a dialogue between John and Sydney. While listening, think of the following questions. Play the dialogue as many times as you want. • What happened when John called Ben last night? • What was Ben probably doing when John called him? • Was John frustrated? • What did the speakers in the dialogue think Ben should do?
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Transcript
Everyday English in Conversation
Does it happen to you that sometimes you feel frustrated because you find yourself unable to express yourself clearly and yet when you hear native speakers, you feel that it is so simple and easy? In this section, we will focus on learning idiomatic and everyday expressions to help us deal with daily conversational situations. As each dialogue is accompanied with carefully designed exercises, follow the recommended steps and practice at your own pace.
Now, surf into Everyday English in Conversation!!!
You're so difficult to get through to!
You're so difficult to get through to!
Top of Form
The following is a dialogue between John and Sydney. While listening, think of the following questions. Play the dialogue as many times as you want.
• What happened when John called Ben last night?
• What was Ben probably doing when John called him?
• Was John frustrated?
• What did the speakers in the dialogue think Ben should do?
Operator: Pacific Bell. May I help you?
Dave: Yes. I'd like to set up a telephone service, please.
The following is a dialogue between John and Sydney. While listening, think of the following questions. Play the dialogue as many times as you want.
• What happened when John called Ben last night?
• What was Ben probably doing when John called him?
• Was John frustrated?
• What did the speakers in the dialogue think Ben should do?
Opeator: All right. I'll connect you with our customer service department. Please hold.
Dave: Thanks.
Bottom of Form
Operator:
Pacific Bell. May I help you?
Dave: Yes. I'd like to set up a telephone service, please.
Operator:
Do you presently have service?
Dave: No. This is new.
Opeator: All right. I'll connect you with our customer service department. Please hold.
Dave: Thanks. EVERYDAY ENGLISH
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Use of Non-Finites - Part - 3 Gerundial Infinitive : The infinitives that are used as an adjective or an adverb are called 'gerundial infinitives'. A gerundial infinitive has many
uses:-
To modify a Verb:-a. He decided to work there. (Purpose)
b. He went to the place to save him. (Purpose)c. We eat to live. (Cause)
In these sentences infinitive is representing a 'purpose or cause'. Therefore, it modifies a verb here.
To qualify an Adjective:-a. It is good to go for a walk daily.
b. She is quick to learn things.c. He is hard to cope with.
In these sentences infinitive is representing the feature of an adjective. Therefore, it qualifies adjectives like good, quick and hard.
To qualify a Sentence:- a. To go there, I need some money.
b. To go for a walk, we should get up early in the morning.c. To get a job, he had to go through many interviews.
In these sentences infinitive is featuring the sentences like 'I need some money, we should get up early in the morning and he had to go through
many interviews'. And it is used as isolated from the main sentence that is, it is not related to the main sentence
Articles- A, An, The There are three articles: A, An, The. (They are also called determiners)
A or An is called the Indefinite Article, because it is used when we do not speak of any particular/definite person or thing:
He met a boy in the park.It is an orange.
The is called the Definite Article, because it is used when we speak of some particular/definite person or thing:
This is the shirt that I bought yesterday. He is the doctor who treated my brother.
Use of 'A' Before:-
1. Words beginning with the sound of a consonant: a book, a player, a table.2. Vowels having the sound of 'yu': a European, a useful thing, a utensil.
3. 'O' when it is sounded as 'wa': a one-rupee note, a one-way traffic.
Use of 'An'Before:-
1. Words beginning with a vowel sound: an apple, an umbrella, an hour, an honest girl, an honourable person.
2. Abbreviations starting with a vowel sound: an M.A., an MLA
Use of 'The'1. When we refer to some particular person or thing; as ,
This is the shirt I bought yesterday. Call the boy sitting in the corner.
The shawls of Kashmir are famous.
2. When a singular Noun is used to indicate a whole class:The elephant is a big animal The dog is a faithful animal.
3. With superlative degree:This is the best book on this subject.He is the richest person of our colony.
4. With an adverb in such sentences:The higher we climb the cooler it is.
5. Before rivers, range of mountains, group of islands, oceans, gulfs and bays:
The Ganga, the Jamuna, the Himalayas, the Andaman islands, the Indian Ocean, the Bay of Bengal, the Persian Gulf.
6. With the name of directions, planets etc:The east, the west, the sky, the sun, the moon
7. Before the names of well-known books, newspapers, public buildings, institutions, associations, etc.:
The Gita, the Ramayana, the Times of India, the Taj Mahal, the University of Delhi, the Golden Temple, the United Nations.
8. Before the names of peoples (nations), races and Adjectives formed from Proper Nouns, Common Nouns, etc:
The English, the Hindus, the Sikhs, the Indians, the Japanese, the rich, the poor, the needy
9. With part of a body:He was struck on the head.
10. With a proper noun being used as a common noun:Kashmir is the Switzerland of India.
He is the Mahatma Gandhi/Edison of our college.
11. Countries/states named due to geographical divisions:the U.S.A., the U.K., the U.P., the Madhya Pradesh
12. Miscellaneous uses:This is the same book.
All the boys went on picnic.He ate the whole meal.
Have you read about the French Revolution?He met the prime minister of India yesterday.
They want to join the military service.Who is the principal of your school?He was the first man to reach there.
Has she joined the Congress?
Repetition of ArticleA. Compare the two sentences:
(i) She had a red and white saree.(ii) She had a red and a white saree.
The first sentence means that he had only one saree which was partly red and white.
The second sentence means that he had two sarees, one red and other
black.(i) The Principal and Manager was present there.
(ii) The Principal and the Manager were present there.The first sentence shows that only one person who was both Principal and
Manager was present there.The second sentence shows that two persons, one Principal and the
Manager, were present there
Articles Fill-ups - 5 Fill in the blanks with 'a', 'an' or 'the' :-
1. ................. ganga flows into ................ bay of Bengal.2. Please return me ............ novel I gave you last week.
3. Shopkeeper showed them ................. good toy.4. He reads ................ Indian Express everyday.5. Ask guests to sit in ............... drawing room.
6. Mars is not .............. biggest planet.7. Himalayas lie to .............. north of India.
8. He studies in ................. university.9. He bought .................. half dozen oranges.
10. I met ................... European in market yesterday.
Answers:-
1. the, the, 2. the, 3. a, 4. the, 5. the, 6. the, 7. the, 8. the, 9. a 10. a
Posted by WABS English 0 comments Labels: Articles - practice exercise
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Articles - Fills-ups - 4 Fill in the blanks with 'a', 'an' or 'the' :-1. Please give me .............. book to read.
2. ............ lady he met at ................ party is ................ assistant manager in ................ multinational company.3. They will play .............. match tomorrow.
4. What ................ beautiful scene!5. ................. man who is standing there always speaks .............. truth.
6. My sister is ................. M.A.7. Rakesh is ............... cleverest boy in his class.
8. We met ............... MLA in ................ party yesterday.9. .............. needy should be helped by ................. rich.
10. She is ............... Aishwarya Rai of our college.
1. an, 2. an, 3. a, 4. the, 5. a, 6. an, 7. an, 8. the, 9. the, the, 10. a, 11. the, 12. the, the, 13. a, a, 14. the, 15. the, the, 16. the, an, 17. a, 18. the,
the, 19. a, a, 20. the, the
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Articles Fill-ups - 2 Fill in the blanks with 'a', 'an' or 'the' :-
1. I watched ....... boy helping ........ old man.2. ........ Andamans are ......... group of islands in ............ Bay of Bengal.
3. ....... teacher took ........ book out of ....... drawer.4. ....... lion is ....... king of forest.
5. ....... Gita is ....... holy book of ....... Hindus.6. ....... rich should help ....... poor.
7. ....... apple ....... day keeps us healthy.8. He is ...... most corrupt politician.
9. ...... doctor didn't admitted ...... patients in ...... hospital.10. ...... book you want is not in ...... library.11. Meena lost ...... bag that I had lent her.
12. ...... gift you want is not available in ....... market.13. Mount Everest is ............... highest peak.
14. Man landed on ........ Moon in ....... year 1969.15. ...... earth is bigger than ........ moon.
16. He wants to buy ....... new car.17. There was no milk in ........ milkpot, to prepare tea.
18. Many houses were damaged by ........ cyclone.19. How many apples are there in ....... basket.
20. Is there anybody in ....... house ?
Answers:-
1. a, an, 2. the, a, the, 3. the, a, the, 4. the, the, 5. the, a, the, 6. the, the, 7. an, a, 8. the, 9. the, the, the, 10. the, the, 11. the, 12. the, the, 13. the,
14. the, the, 15. the, the, 16. a, 17. the, 18. the, 19. the, 20. the
Main verb always in first form: CV + Object + V 1st form (main verb)
Examples
1. He made me laugh.
2. She made the children clean the room.
3. Who is making her cry?
4. Please don't make him tell a lie.
HELP1. Use help according to tense, 2. Object is the person who is helped, 3.
Main verb always in first form: CV + Object + V 1st form (main verb). (In these sentences a person is helped to do a certain things).
Examples
1. Help the guests wash their hands.
2. She helped the children do the work.
HAVE(Same as GET in use and meaning)
Examples
1. I have had the sums solved.
2. He will have the letter written by Meena.
3. They had the tiger killed by the hunter.
KEEPCV + Object (person) + V 1st form + ing. There is generally a period of time
in these sentences.
Examples
1. They kept her washing the clothes for 2 hours.
2. Did you keep him waiting for one hour?
CAUSECV + Object (person) + V 1st form. Instead of a person there are
circumstances, things etc. which compel a person to do a certain thing.
Examples
1. Fatigue caused him to sleep.
2. Does poverty cause people to commit crime ?
Birthday Party 20
Mohit: Hello John, how are you?John: I am fine. How are you Mohit? Do you remember, it is Sunny’s
birthday today?Mohit: How can I forget the birthday of such a nice friend. Are you going?
John: Definitely. At what time will you go?Mohit: At 7 p.m. Why don’t you come to my house. We’ll go together in my
car.John: OK. I’ll come. Have you bought any present for Sunny?
Mohit: Not yet. I am unable to decide. And what have you bought?John: I’ll give him Rs.101/- cash.
Mohit: We should give him a nice gift. We can also buy a combined gift for him.
John: Good idea. Let’s buy a good watch for him. Or suggest other gifts.Mohit: There may be other gifts like cricket bat, a set of pens etc.
John: Sunny is fond of playing cricket. Why don’t we buy a good bat and a ball.
Mohit: Let’s go to market then.(At Sunny’s House)
John: Hello dear Sunny! How are you feeling today?Mohit: You are looking very smart.
Sunny: (angrily) I don’t want to talk to you. Have you got time to attend my birthday? Where have you been? Why are you so late?
Mohit: In fact we got late in the market.John: We are extremely (very much) sorry. Haven’t you cut the cake as yet?Sunny: How can I? I was to cut the cake at 7.30pm. Now it is 8.00. I have
been anxiously waiting for you.John: Now cheer up and cut the cake. We have brought a wonderful gift for
you. Where are the candles and the matchbox? Let me light the candles. Call
Salesgirl: Please come to this side. Here are a few latest models of Nokia, LG and Samsung.
Visitor: What is the price of this Nokia model.Salesgirl: It is latest model from Nokia. Its price is Rs.23,000/-
Visitor: It is really very costly.Salesgirl: But it has great features.
Visiter: How much is the resolution of its camera?Salesgirl: It's 1.3 mega pixel. Printing result will be excellent. And it has a video recording of one hour. Now you can shoot any function at your home
and enjoy that movie on your computer.Visitor: It is really a fine mobile. If I pay you in cash how much will you
charge?Salesgirl: I shall give you this phone in 22,000.
Visitor: I won't give you more than 20,000.Salesgirl: Sorry sir! Not even a 100 rupees less. I have told you a very
reasonable price.Visitor: Will you give receipt and warranty card?
Salesgirl: Definitely sir!Visitor: How much is this Samsung camera mobile?
Salesgirl: Rs.12000/- only. It has a rotating camera. It has no video recording.
Visitor: I shall go for Nokia 6630. I shall definitely buy it tomorrow.Salesgirl: Most welcome.
•••
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Talking to Sachin Tendulkar 17
Rishi: Hello! Am I talking to Sachin?Sachin: Of course. Who is there?
Rishi: I am Rishi from Delhi. I have been trying to talk to you for many days. I am happy you are attending my call.
Sachin: Whenever I have time I do talk to my fans. Rishi, in which class do you study?
Rishi: In 12th class. You are a great cricketer. I love your batting.Sachin: Thanks for your appreciation Rishi.Rishi: You always seem full of confidence.
Sachin: I always pray to God and He keeps me free from pressure.Rishi: Although you are a great cricketer yet you too have seen many bad
Mother: Chintu! Where are you? You are getting late for school. Take your breakfast.
Chintu: What is there in the breakfast, Mom? I won't eat apple. I'll just take bread with butter.
Father: My child, apple is good for health.Chintu: But I don't like.
Mother: Take bread and butter. I am giving you just a small piece of apple. It will improve your brain-power.
Chintu: O.K. I'll take a small piece.Ritika: Papa, sandwitch is very tasty. Would you have one more?
Father: Thanks my daughter. Now hurry up, you may get late for school. It is 7.20 now. ..... Ranjana! Have you packed their lunch?Mother: Yes, I have. What would you take, tea or coffee?Father: Half cup tea. Ritika! How is your study going on?
Ritika: I have some problem in understanding one poem. Would you help?Father: Why not, remind me at night.
•••
Posted by WABS English 0 comments Labels: Conversation Practice : Part 2
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Ordering Pizza 14
Pizza Hut: Pizza Hut. How can I help you?Customer: I would like to order two pizzas please.
Pizza Hut: OK. I am transferring your call to home delivery department. Wait for a moment pelase.
Home DD: Welcome sir! What would you like to order? Customer: Two standard size veg. pizzas.
Home DD: Anything else sir!Customer: Nothing else.
Home DD: Can I have your name and address please?Customer: Oh sure. My name is………… and the address is………………..
Home DD: And phone no.?Customer: It is 98…………
Home DD: Can you tell me about any landmark that can help our boy to locate your house easily?
Customer: My house is near the community centre….. How long will you take to deliver?
Henry: Hello! May I know your name please?Mukesh: I am Mukesh. And what’s your good name please?
Henry: My name is Henry. I am glad to talk to you. I recently took admission in B.A. English Hons.
Mukesh: I am also a new student. I have taken B.A. Pass. Have you liked this college?
Henry: Definitely. It is a reputed college. I appreciate (admire, praise) it for its strict discipline and good teachers.
Mukesh: I agree. Library of this college is also impressive. It has a lot of useful books.
Henry: Yes, it is true. Where do you live?Mukesh: I live at Tilak Nagar, and you?
Henry: I live at Timarpur. What are your parents?Mukesh: My father is an I.A.S. officer in finance ministry, and my mother is
a teacher.Henry: You have well-educated parents.
Mukesh: What about your parents?Henry: My father is a businessman. He exports ready-made garments. And my mother is a housewife. Though we have two cars yet my parents insist
(demand or say firmly) thatI should go to college by bus.
Mukesh: I think travelling by bus is more comfortable. I myself come by bus.
Henry: But I dislike buses. There is rush and they never come on time. State government is not managing the bus service properly.
Mukesh: What are your hobbies?Henry: I have only one hobby - playing cricket.
Mukesh: I also like cricket. But I play only on Sunday. Are you a batsman or bowler?
Henry: I am a batsman. I was captain of my school cricket team. Though my parents keep criticising me for my cricket craze.
Mukesh: Now it is time to attend the class. We shall meet again after the class.
Henry: Oh sure!
At The Bus Stop 1st Passenger: Excuse me. Could you tell me which bus goes to India Gate?
2nd Passenger: Bus route no.823 and 308 will go there.1st Passenger: At what time is the bus due?
2nd Passenger: I don’t know the exact time, but the service is good.1st Passenger: If you don’t mind, could you tell me where are you going?
2nd Passenger: I am going to India Gate.1st Passenger: Good, I am pleased to hear it.
2nd Passenger: Welcome.1st Passenger: I think a common man is not satisfied with the public
transport system in Delhi. The passengers are made to wait for a long time. Then the journey is not comfortable.
2nd Passenger: A lot of buses are running on the roads now-a-days but the service is not efficient. There is mismanagement everywhere.
1st Passenger: Specially Blueline buses are creating havoc (disorder and confusion) on the roads.
2nd Passenger: That’s why people call it a deadline bus service. They are afraid of this service due to the rash-driving of its drivers.
1st Passenger: Our government must do something to improve the situation.2nd Passenger: Govt. warned the operators several times, they are being
punished, but still there is not much improvement.1st Passenger: Ultimately it is the public who suffer. Both the transporters
and the leaders are expert in fooling the public.2nd Passenger: The public also don’t keep discipline. People like to break
queues here. 1st Passenger: It’s true. Here comes the bus, let’s board it.
2nd Passenger: Hurry up please, we can get a seat also.•••
Posted by WABS English 0 comments Labels: Conversation Practice : Part 4
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With A Traffic Policeman Policeman: Hey! Stop your car.
Rajani: (Stopping her car, surprisingly). What is the matter?Policeman: You have violated the traffic rule.
Rajani: What are you saying? I haven’t committed any offence.Policeman: Don’t tell a lie. You should have stopped your car at red light but
you skipped it. Such negligence may cause an accident.Rajani: (Realizing her mistake) Oh! I am extremely sorry. In fact the
crossing was free and I was in a hurry, thus I failed to notice the red light.Policeman: But you are expected to drive carefully and cautiously on the
road. You can’t endanger your or others life.Rajani: Would you please pardon me this time?
Policeman: How can we allow persons like you to create chaos on the roads. Traffic police is for your safety. I am making out your challan. Take out your
driving licence.Rajani: (Showing her driving licence) It is my driving license. Please try to
understand me. I didn’t commit mistake intentionally. I assure I will be more careful in future.
Policeman: Please don’t try to argue, and give me Rs.100/-. It is the minimum penalty.
Rajani: (Seriously) Try to realize my helplessness. I have only 100 rupees in my purse, I may need it. My friend is seriously ill. I am going to her house to
enquire after her health.Policeman: Okay, okay..... you are being pardoned this time. Henceforward
follow traffic rules carefully.Rajani: (Having a sigh of relief) Thanking you.
Posted by WABS English 0 comments Labels: Conversation Practice : Part 4
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With A Shopkeeper Savita: How much is flour today?
Shopkeeper: It is ten rupees a kilo.Savita: Rupees ten! Price of everything is looking up rapidly.
Shopkeeper: Yes madam, and we are helpless. We can’t control the prices.Savita: Give me 5 kgs. And also give me 1 kilo rice.
Shopkeeper: Anything else madam?Savita: Well, how are you selling eggs?
Shopkeeper: Rs. 22/- a dozen.Savita: These eggs are very small. Are these fresh?
Shopkeeper: Yes madam. These were supplied to us just two hours ago. How many do you want?
Savita: Give me half a dozen. What is the price of clarified butter?Shopkeeper: Rs. 120/- per kilo is the market rate, but I’ll charge Rs. 115/-
only from you as you are our old customer.Savita: Oh God! How can a common person livenowadays?
Shopkeeper: Yes, we are passing through very hard times. And prices are still expected to rise more during the next month.
Savita: These leaders just play power-games. They don’t care about us. Only God knows what would happen to the poor.
Shopkeeper: We elect leaders. How can they be blamed?Savita: Okay........... Give me only half kilo. Money has got wings now.
Shopkeeper: Do you need anything else?Savita: Nothing...............
Posted by WABS English 0 comments Labels: Conversation Practice : Part 4
Visitor: Excuse me.Receptionist: Yeah, what can I do for you sir?
Visitor: Could you help me to meet Mr. R.K. Bhatia, the manager of this company?
Receptionist: I am sorry you can’t meet him today. He is extremely busy. Did you take an appointment ?
Visitor: Yes, I did. He himself called me today. Receptionist: Actually he is busy in an urgent meeting with a delegation from Japan. And he ordered me not to allow anybody to meet him till 3pm today.
Visitor: It is very important for me to meet him today as I am flying to America tomorrow.
Receptionist: Would you wait for a minute? Let me check with the manager please. What’s your good name sir, and from which company are you
Receptionist: Thank you sir. (After talking to the manager on intercom).... I hope you won’t mind sir. You will have to wait for half-an-hour. Mr. Bhatia
will definitely meet with you.Visitor: It’s all right. I’ll wait.
Receptionist: (Pointing out to sofa) Please have a seat there. Meanwhile I am arranging coffee for you.Visitor: (Smilingly) Thanks.
Receptionist: Welcome.
VIisiting A Hotel Receptionist: Welcome. How can I help you sir?
Visitor: I want a room to stay in your hotel.Receptionist: For how many days do you want to stay?
Visitor: I want to stay for five days only. What are your charges for a single room?
Receptionist: We charge rupees two thousand for a day.Visitor: Please book a single room for me.
Receptionist: Kindly fill up your particulars in this register and sign at this place.
Visitor: .......Am I required to deposit any advance rent please?Receptionist: Deposit Rs.500/- only. You can pay the remaining amount at the time of leaving. Bed tea is included in our room charges but for other
things you will have to pay extra.Visitor: I would like to have my bed tea at 7am and breakfast at 9 am.
Receptionist: You will be served everything according to your requirement (need). What about lunch or dinner, sir?
Visitor: I can’t tell you the fix time because I’ll be generally out on business. And whenever I need I’ll ring you up.
Visitor: Do you have any sight seeing facility for your visitors? I would like to see this city after a couple of days.
Receptionist: Yes sir. We have our own vans for this purpose. We also provide a guide. And we charge only Rs.100/- per person for our services.Visitor: Thanking you very much for kind information. This is my advance
payment Rs.500/-. May I have the key of my room?Receptionist: Yes sir, here is the key. You must lock the room while going
out. Visitor: I’ll also need a phone connection in my room. And do you have
internet or fax facility in your hotel?Receptionist: We cater to all the needs of our visitors. Every room has a phone connection. And whenever you need you can avail the facility of
internet or fax in our office, adjacent to the reception.Visitor: Thanking you very much. Is there any body who can carry my
luggage to the room?Receptionist: This porter will carry your luggage to your room no.36. If you need any room service please ring the bell and the bearer will attend to your
needs.Visitor: Thanks.
Receptionist: Have a nice visit sir!
Two College Students
In this conversation two new college students have an introductory talk and become friends. They are sitting in the library.
Henry: Hello! May I know your name please?
Mukesh: I am Mukesh. And what’s your good name please?
Henry: My name is Henry. I am glad to talk to you. I recently took admission in B.A. English Hons.
Mukesh: I am also a new student. I have taken B.A. Pass. Have you liked this college?
Henry: Definitely. It is a reputed college. I appreciate (admire, praise) it for its strict discipline and good teachers.
Mukesh: I agree. Library of this college is also impressive. It has a lot of useful books.
Mukesh: My father is an I.A.S. officer in finance ministry, and my mother is a teacher.
Henry: You have well-educated parents.
Mukesh: What about your parents?
Henry: My father is a businessman. He exports ready-made garments. And my mother is a housewife. Though we have two cars yet my parents insist (demand or
say firmly) that
I should go to college by bus.
Mukesh: I think travelling by bus is more comfortable. I myself come by bus.
Henry: But I dislike buses. There is rush and they never come on time. State government is not managing the bus service properly.
Mukesh: What are your hobbies?
Henry: I have only one hobby - playing cricket.
Mukesh: I also like cricket. But I play only on Sunday. Are you a batsman or bowler?
Henry: I am a batsman. I was captain of my school cricket team. Though my parents keep criticising me for my cricket craze.
Mukesh: Now it is time to attend the class. We shall meet again after the class.
Henry: Oh sure!
Two College Students
In this conversation two new college students have an introductory talk and become friends. They are sitting in the library.
Henry: Hello! May I know your name please?
Mukesh: I am Mukesh. And what’s your good name please?
Henry: My name is Henry. I am glad to talk to you. I recently took admission in B.A. English Hons.
Mukesh: I am also a new student. I have taken B.A. Pass. Have you liked this college?
Henry: Definitely. It is a reputed college. I appreciate (admire, praise) it for its strict discipline and good teachers.
Mukesh: I agree. Library of this college is also impressive. It has a lot of useful books.
Henry: Yes, it is true. Where do you live?
Mukesh: I live at Tilak Nagar, and you?
Henry: I live at Timarpur. What are your parents?
Mukesh: My father is an I.A.S. officer in finance ministry, and my mother is a teacher.
Henry: You have well-educated parents.
Mukesh: What about your parents?
Henry: My father is a businessman. He exports ready-made garments. And my mother is a housewife. Though we have two cars yet my parents insist (demand or
say firmly) that
I should go to college by bus.
Mukesh: I think travelling by bus is more comfortable. I myself come by bus.
Henry: But I dislike buses. There is rush and they never come on time. State government is not managing the bus service properly.
Mukesh: What are your hobbies?
Henry: I have only one hobby - playing cricket.
Mukesh: I also like cricket. But I play only on Sunday. Are you a batsman or bowler?
Henry: I am a batsman. I was captain of my school cricket team. Though my parents keep criticising me for my cricket craze.
Mukesh: Now it is time to attend the class. We shall meet again after the class.
Henry: Oh sure!
Some Words of Quantity/Numbers (Determiners) LITTLE (for uncountable things)
NONE, NO ONE (for more than two)1. None of them attended the meeting.
2. I shall visit none of those places.
NO
1. No one wants to go.
2. He had no money at that time.
MOST (Largely, majority)
1. Most of the students were present.
2. I saw most audience going out of the hall.
LESS (not much, smaller number or quantity)
1. He has got less marks in this test.
2. They were given less money.
Determiners: Words of quantity or numbers are a part of determiners. This, that, these, those, my, our, your, their, his, her, its and articles (a, an, the)
are also called determiners
Use of Non-Finites - Part - 3 Gerundial Infinitive : The infinitives that are used as an adjective or an adverb are called 'gerundial infinitives'. A gerundial infinitive has many
10. Had she been writing a poem since ten minutes?
Answers:
1. blow - blew, 2. met - meet, 3. appointed - appoint, 4. learning - learnt, 5. were - had, 6. you have - have you, 7. you doing - you been doing, 8. for -
since, 9. did - do, 10. since - for
Check your Grammar - Test One
Fill one of the three words:-
1. She has been cooking food .................... morning.a. fromb. sincec. for
2. He did not .................... anything for himself.a. buyingb. buysc. buy
3. He .................... a lot of work to complete yesterday.a. had
b. havingc. has
4. .................... arrange money for the flood victims.a. let we
b. letc. let us
5. .................... your brother not taking admission in this school?a. amb. is
MAY HAVERaju may have taken my book. (possibility in present)
MUST HAVEThey must have completed their home work. (definite possibility in present)
WOULD HAVEIf he had money he would have bought books. (imagination in past -
conditional)
NEED HAVE1. You need not have waited for him. (You didn't need to wait for him.)2. Need Rita have borrowed money. (Did Rita need to borrow money.)
MIGHT HAVEIndia might have won the match. (possibility in past)
SHOULD HAVEYou should have gone to office.
Paragraph Fill ups - 7 Complete the following with suitable modals:-
Parents ........ not punish their children hard. They ........ make their children understand with love. Now a days most of the parents are educated and
they ........ understand the psychology of their children. Problems of
generation gap ........ easily be solved with a little wisdom. Previously the parents .......... beat and punish their children hard. They thought that
they ........ be able to teach them discipline only with the help of a stick. But such punishment ........ make the children stubborn and they ........ not
develop their talent properly.
Answers:-
should, should, can, might, used to, would, can, may
Narrations Part-2 The art of reporting the words of a speaker is called Narration.
Part-IV
(Imperative Sentences)
Rules:-
1. In Imperative sentences said to is replaced with ordered, commanded, advised, suggested, proposed, persuaded, warned, etc.
2. Inverted commas(" ") are replaced with 'to'. The first form of verb is applied after 'to'.
3. in Negative sentences 'said' to is replaced with 'forbade' or 'do' is replaced with 'not'.
Examples:-
• She said to me, "Work hard".She advised me to work hard.
• I said to my friend, "Please give me your car for two hours."I requested my friend to give me his car for two hours.
• She said to Meena, "Do not make a noise".She forbade Meena to make a noise.
(or She ordered Meena not to make a noise.)
• The general said to the soldiers, "March forward."The general commanded the soldiers to march forward.
• Ramesh said to him, "Let me do my home work."Ramesh requested him to let him do his home work.
• The manager said to the peon,"Let the visitors come in.The manager ordered the peon to let the visitors come in.
• He said to me, "Let us go on picnic this Sunday".He proposed/suggested me that we should go on picnic that Sunday.
(or He proposed me to go on picnic that Sunday.
• He said, "Thank you, doctor."He thanked the doctor.
making out your challan. Please give me Rs.100/-. Be careful in future.
27Reporting a Kidnapping Case
Is it police station? Please write a kidnapping report. I was standing at Kirti Nagar bus stop. Suddenly a white van came and kidnapped a
child. The number of the van is...... The kidnappers have fled towards Raja Garden. Please chase them to help the child.
28Why should we learn english?
In modern world English language plays a very important role in our career. It is an international language. If our English is effective we can get a good job in a good company. We also get social respect. If we go to other states or any foreign country we can communicate to
others easily. Therefore we must learn good English. 29
Should we beat the children?
We should never beat the children. Even if they are very naughty we should handle them with affection. They are tender. Beating disturbs them mentally. So they can not develop their talent properly. If they
get some bad habits we should make them understand with love.
30Should parents be friendly with their
children?Yes. Parents must be friendly with their children. If parents are friendly
the children can express their feelings freely. They ask for help to solve their problems without hesitation. Children are very intelligent
these days. They get good education, watch television and read newspapers. With some friendly guidance from their parents they can make good decisions. They always respect good and friendly parents.
Friendly atmosphere at home keeps the children tension-free. It is also good for their all-round personality development.
23.Make Correction - 7 24.Re-write the following sentences correcting the use of Tenses:-