Updated 5/29/2020 2019-nCoV Literature Situation Report (Lit Rep) May 29, 2020 The scientific literature on COVID-19 is rapidly evolving and these articles were selected for review based on their relevance to Washington State decision making around COVID-19 response efforts. Included in these Lit Reps are some manuscripts that have been made available online as pre-prints but have not yet undergone peer review. Please be aware of this when reviewing articles included in the Lit Reps. Key Takeaways Four separate lines of evidence point to sustained community transmission of SARS-CoV-2 within the US beginning in late January and early February, weeks before the first non-travel-related cases were detected. A separate phylogenetic study concluded that the first SARS-CoV-2 case identified in Washington State in January 2020 is not linked to outbreaks that occurred weeks later, and that the rapid public health response may have prevented an earlier potential outbreak. Paper towels pretreated with a salt-based solution may provide similar protection against viral particles compared to medical grade surgical masks. A weighted risk-score was used to characterize the risk distribution for COVID-19 mortality across the population. While those in the highest-risk group are at 10-fold higher risk, the small size of this group relative to the overall population means that most deaths from COVID-19 will likely occur outside of the highest-risk groups. This suggests that targeted interventions may not be a substituted for community-wide measures. HIV-infected individuals appear to have similar clinical and radiological presentation of COVID-19 compared to that described in the general population. Non-Pharmaceutical Interventions A critical review of alcohol-based sanitizing products reported that hand sanitation is a main preventive measure during the COVID-19 pandemic and consumer demand is likely to remain high until widespread pharmacological measures are available. The presence of substandard products on the market (i.e., not meeting 60-95% ethanol content) points to the need for customer counseling, awareness campaigns, and review by regulatory bodies. Berardi et al. (May 16, 2020). Hand Sanitisers amid CoViD-19: A Critical Review of Alcohol-Based Products on the Market and Formulation Approaches to Respond to Increasing Demand. International Journal of Pharmaceutics. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpharm.2020.119431 Carnino et al. demonstrated that household paper towels pretreated with a salt-based solution for as little as 10 minutes may provide similar protection against viral-sized particles compared with a medical grade mask. This suggests pretreated inexpensive materials might be used to complement homemade, surgical, or N95 masks to increase their lifespan and effectiveness. Carnino et al. (May 25, 2020). Pretreated Household Materials Carry Similar Filtration Protection against Pathogens When Compared with Surgical Masks. American Journal of Infection Control. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajic.2020.05.024
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Updated 5/29/2020
2019-nCoV Literature Situation Report (Lit Rep)
May 29, 2020 The scientific literature on COVID-19 is rapidly evolving and these articles were selected for review based
on their relevance to Washington State decision making around COVID-19 response efforts. Included in
these Lit Reps are some manuscripts that have been made available online as pre-prints but have not yet
undergone peer review. Please be aware of this when reviewing articles included in the Lit Reps.
Key Takeaways Four separate lines of evidence point to sustained community transmission of SARS-CoV-2 within
the US beginning in late January and early February, weeks before the first non-travel-related
cases were detected. A separate phylogenetic study concluded that the first SARS-CoV-2 case
identified in Washington State in January 2020 is not linked to outbreaks that occurred weeks
later, and that the rapid public health response may have prevented an earlier potential outbreak.
Paper towels pretreated with a salt-based solution may provide similar protection against viral
particles compared to medical grade surgical masks.
A weighted risk-score was used to characterize the risk distribution for COVID-19 mortality across
the population. While those in the highest-risk group are at 10-fold higher risk, the small size of
this group relative to the overall population means that most deaths from COVID-19 will likely
occur outside of the highest-risk groups. This suggests that targeted interventions may not be a
substituted for community-wide measures.
HIV-infected individuals appear to have similar clinical and radiological presentation of COVID-19
compared to that described in the general population.
Non-Pharmaceutical Interventions A critical review of alcohol-based sanitizing products reported that hand sanitation is a main
preventive measure during the COVID-19 pandemic and consumer demand is likely to remain high
until widespread pharmacological measures are available. The presence of substandard products on
the market (i.e., not meeting 60-95% ethanol content) points to the need for customer counseling,
awareness campaigns, and review by regulatory bodies.
Berardi et al. (May 16, 2020). Hand Sanitisers amid CoViD-19: A Critical Review of Alcohol-Based
Products on the Market and Formulation Approaches to Respond to Increasing Demand.
International Journal of Pharmaceutics. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpharm.2020.119431
Carnino et al. demonstrated that household paper towels pretreated with a salt-based solution for
as little as 10 minutes may provide similar protection against viral-sized particles compared with a
medical grade mask. This suggests pretreated inexpensive materials might be used to complement
homemade, surgical, or N95 masks to increase their lifespan and effectiveness.
Carnino et al. (May 25, 2020). Pretreated Household Materials Carry Similar Filtration Protection
against Pathogens When Compared with Surgical Masks. American Journal of Infection Control.