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TWELFTH EDITIONJOSEPH R. DOMINICK

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Ethics and Other Informal Controls

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What are ethics? Rules of conduct or principles of

morality that point us toward the right or best way to act in a situation.

These principles can provide a framework for analyzing what is proper in examining choices and justifying our actions.

Though helpful, these principles do not contain magic answers to all ethical dilemmas.

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Key Concepts The First Amendment to the U.S.

Constitution establishes a press that is generally free of government interference, ensuring that citizens have access to a wide array of information. Consumers of news must find a way to judge whether the news and information they receive is accurate and reliable.

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Key Concepts The credibility of a news organization is its

most prized asset. Good journalism seeks to bring readers and viewers closer to the truth by providing the latest, most factual information possible. Every day, reporters, editors and news directors grapple with questions about accuracy, fairness and context in the stories they offer the public.

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Key Concepts Ethical decision-making in journalism is

a process, subject at times to individual judgments of reporters, editors and news directors and at other times to policies and principles of news organizations.

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“Rules of conduct or principles of morality that point us toward the right way to act.”

Ethical Principles Definitions Golden mean

1. Moral virtue lies between extremes Categorical Imperative

1. Right for one is right for all Principle of utility

1. Benefits to the greatest number Veil of ignorance

1. Equality of society members Principle of self-determination

1. Love your neighbor

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Journalism Do’s Accuracy: Make sure the facts are right and

the right facts are there. Tell who, what, when, where, how and why. Verify, verify, verify.

Fairness: Make sure to present all sides, arguments and opinions. Make sure readers and viewers know what’s being presented as opinion and what’s being presented as fact.

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Do’s Context: Tell the whole story. Frame it in

the proper background. Give readers and viewers a sense of why the story is important at this time, in this place. This includes deciding what is newsworthy, offering news in the public interest as well as news that interests the public.

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Do’s Truth: Keep reporting, one piece at a time.

Let the facts fall where they may, and you’ll give readers and viewers a chance to begin to find the truth. Understand that no one person has a monopoly on truth, that we can only search for data, events, issues and ideas to help readers and viewers form their own opinions.

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Don’ts Plagiarism: Never use the words and ideas

of another without giving credit to the source.

Sloppy reporting: Don’t fail to check the facts. Don’t forget to check all sides of the story. Don’t forget to verify, verify, verify. Don’t overlook relevant details — the who, what, when, where, how and why.

Bias: Try to avoid it. Don’t allow your news reports to be influenced by your own opinions. Even if you think you’re right, let others make their case.

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Don’ts Conflicts of interest: Don’t report a story if

you are not completely independent of that story.

Poor news judgment: Don’t offer news to readers and viewers that is irrelevant to their lives and their interests. Don’t blow things out of proportion to attract higher ratings and readership.

Deception: Never, never invent characters, quotations or any part of a story. The moment you make things up, or deliberately lie, you no longer are a journalist.

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Model for Individual Ethical Decisions

Definitions---values---principles---loyalties---actions

Situational model Define situation Determine values involved Establish applicable ethical values Determine loyalties

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Motion Pictures Motion Pictures Association of America

1. Rating system2. Required voluntary cooperation

The Advertising Industry American Association of Advertising Agencies

1. Unfair practices2. Contracts3. Creative advertising4. False misleading information

Better Business Bureau

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Network Standards and Practices Office Local self regulation Producer judgments

Newspapers and Magazines Individual policy statements

1. Paying newsmakers2. Checkbook journalism3. Junkets

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Media Self Criticism Little control within Few journalism reviews Internet opens

WWW.POYNTER.ORG

Professional Self Regulation of Advertising

National Advertising Review Council1. High standards of truth2. Accuracy in advertising

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Economics Pressures from advertisers Business policies

Pressure Groups Children’s television Citizens groups

Education

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TWELFTH EDITIONJOSEPH R. DOMINICK

END CHAPTER 17 OVERVIEWEthics and Other Informal Controls