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Education comprehends all that series of instruction and discipline which is intended to enlighten the understanding, correct the temper, and form the manners and habits of youth, and fit them for usefulness in their future stations.
EDUCA'TION, ( cont’.)
--Webster’s 1828 American Dictionary of the English Language
• 說到教育,除了教導孩童良好的 举止态度 , 藝術及科學 ; 宗教教育也是不可缺少的重要 ;
但父母和监护人却常忽略这项重责大任
To give children a good education in manners, arts and science, is important; to give them a religious education is indispensable; and an immense responsibility rests on parents and guardians who neglect these duties.
各家学派的教改专家
* Rousseau 卢梭 (1712-1778) : father of the child-study
* Paulo Freire-- banking concept vs. process of inquiry
* John Dewy–- 实用主义 , progressive education
* 德国幼教之父 福禄贝尔 Friedrich Froebel, 1782-1852 「国家的命运,与其说是操在掌权者手中, 倒不如说是握在母亲的手中。」
Mason’s 教育理念 * 一种 氛围 , 学科 , 生活 (an atmosphere, a discipline, a life) * 关係的科学 (the science of relations) * 儿童生来为人 (Children were born PERSONS ) * 活书本 (Living book) * 异象 价值观 : Liberal Arts Education for all * 能力 (A power )— Either for immense good vs. Disaster.
知识 vs. 能力
* 伊甸园 , 两棵树
* 意会 vs. 言传 ( 身教 / 言教 ; Caught / Taught ) * 活书本 (Living Book) vs. 死知识 (Dead Knowledge) * 双重认识 (Double Knowledges) : 自己 (IES) vs. 上帝 (GQ) Ministry --Being vs. Doing