States of States of Matter Matter November 9, 2009 November 9, 2009
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States of States of MatterMatter
November 9, 2009November 9, 2009
ObjectivesObjectives1. Distinguish between four states of
matter
2. Explain the kinetic theory of matter
3. Recognize energy as the reason for phase changes
Physical PropertyPhysical Property• Characteristic that distinguishes one
type of matter from another type
• Can be observed without changing the identity of the substance
• Ex: mass, weight, volume, density, color, shape, hardness, texture, phase of matter
Physical ChangesPhysical Changes• A new substance is NOT formed• Change in color, size, shape, phase
of matter, etc.– Cutting paper– Freezing water– Melting butter– Squeezing lemons– Mixing Kool-aid powder with water
Kinetic Theory of MatterKinetic Theory of Matter
Matter is made up of particles which are in continual random motion.
FOUR STATES OF MATTERFOUR STATES OF MATTER
Solid Liquid Gas Plasma
STATES OF MATTERSTATES OF MATTER Based upon particle arrangement
Based upon energy of particles
Based upon distance between particles
What would it take for matter to move from one state to another?
EnergyEnergy determines the state!determines the state!
SOLIDSSOLIDS
Particles are tightly packed, vibrating about a fixed position.
Have a definite shape and a definite volume.
Types of SolidsTypes of Solids
Amorphous
Crystalline
Crystalline SolidsCrystalline Solids
• arranged in repeating geometric patterns called crystals
• salt, sugar
Amorphous solidsAmorphous solids• molecules are arranged in a random
manner
• can lose their shape under certain conditions
• Tar, candle wax, glass
Animation-Heating
LIQUIDLIQUID Particles are tightly
packed, but are far enough apart to slide over one another.
Have an indefinite shape and a definite volume.
GASGAS Particles of gases
are very far apart and move freely.
Gases have an indefinite shape and an indefinite volume.
PLASMAPLASMA
Have an indefinite shape and an indefinite volume.
Very good conductor of electricity and is affected by magnetic fields.
A plasma is an ionized gas.
The Sun is an example of a star in its plasma state
Some places where plasmas are Some places where plasmas are found…found…
FlamesFlames
LightningLightning
Aurora (Northern Lights)Aurora (Northern Lights)
STATES OF MATTERSTATES OF MATTER
SOLID LIQUID GAS PLASMA
Tightly packed, in a regular pattern
Vibrate, but do not move from place
to place
Close together with no regular arrangement.Vibrate, move
about, and slide past each other
Well separated with no regular arrangement.
Vibrate and move freely at high
speeds
Has no definite volume or shape and is composed
of electrical charged particles
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