200

& the Texas War for

Independence

1. Summarize Spain’s efforts to strengthen its colonization of North America. Why would these efforts change?

2. Name and describe the importance of the people in the battle of the Alamo.

3. Describe the events that led to Texas independence and statehood.

Moses Austin

Stephen Austin

Spain granted him permission to establish the

Colony of Texas, but he is killed

before he can do so.

His son carries out his father’s dream.

1821 – Spain promotes American settlement.

1830 – Americans outnumber Mexicans 2 to 1

- American settlement prohibited. Slavery outlawed.

1835 – Americans ignore the laws Outnumber Mexicans 6 to 1

COTTON

APACHE

Dictator of Mexico.

Outlawed territorial self-government.◦ Texans rebel.

As dictator, I can now

abolish the Mexican

Constitution.

To crush the rebellion, Santa Anna takes his Mexican army to an old Spanish mission, the Alamo.

Volunteer, who

prepared the Alamo’s defenses.

Confined to a cot, with tuberculosis, during the battle.

There were a total of 21 cannons defending the Alamo. This included a 2 ton cannon which could fire an 18 pound

round several thousand feet.

"It could be observed that a single cannon volley did away with half the company..."

José Enrique de la Peña

OR ?

Former member of the

Tennessee legislature.

Frontiersman

His legendary status had an impact on his decision to fight.

Commanded the Forces of the Republic of Texas at the Alamo.

Pleaded for help.

To the People of Texas and All Americans in the World Fellow Citizens & Compatriots I am besieged, by a thousand or more of the Mexicans under Santa Anna. I have sustained a continual Bombardment and cannonade for 24 hours & have not lost a man. The enemy has demanded a surrender at discretion, otherwise, the garrison are to be put to the sword, if the fort is taken. I have answered the demand with a cannon shot, & our flag still waves proudly from the walls. I shall never surrender or retreat. Then, I call on you in the name of Liberty, of patriotism, & everything dear to the American character, to come to our aid, with all dispatch. The enemy is receiving reinforcements daily & will no doubt increase to three or four thousand in four or five days. If this call is neglected, I am determined to sustain myself as long as possible & die like a soldier who never forgets what is due to his own honor & that of his country. VICTORY OR DEATH

P. S. The Lord is on our side---When the enemy appeared in sight we had not three bushels of corn---We have since found in deserted houses 80 or 90 bushels & got into the walls 20 or 30 head of Beeves.

When it becomes apparent that reinforcements will no arrive,

Colonel Travis draws a line in the sand and asks those willing to

fight to cross the line.

All but one of the Alamo defenders committing themselves to an almost certain death.

For 12 days, around 200 Texans, held off a force of approximately 2,400 Mexicans

Over 12 days, the Mexicans

will suffer 1,300 casualties.

On the dawn of the 13th day, Santa Anna orders the final assault.

All of the Alamo defenders perish in the fight.

Northern

Wall

When Bowie's mother was informed of his death, she calmly stated, "I'll wager no wounds were found in his back." There are various accounts of his actual death.

Crockett, with several others, were driven to the corner of the church there, with their backs to the wall, they fought with the fury of tigers. Their faces blackened with powder, and blood trickled from their wounds. Crocket had a frightful gash across his forehead. Piles of dead Mexicans, dead and dying, lay around them. When they could fight no longer, Crockett and five others were taken prisoners and carried before General Santa Anna. General Castrillon, who captured them, was a brave man, and he respected the bravery of others. He wanted to save their lives. He said to General Santa Anna “Sir, here are six prisoners, what shall I do with them?” “Did I tell you that no prisoners were to be taken?” shouted Santa Anna in rage. “To the death with them.” This order had been carried out. The last Texan had fallen and so too the Alamo.

E.G. LittleJohn, Texas Stories

Three weeks after the fall of the Alamo, a force of 300 Texans defended the mission, Goliad.

UNDER ORDERS FROM SANTA ANNA, THEY WERE EXECUTED.

Constitution modeled

after the U.S.

Sam Houston becomes the first & only President of Texas.

Sam Houston

For almost a month, the rebels are on the run and submitting to the forces of Santa Anna.

Confident that victory is near, Santa Anna divides his army in half.

IT’S TIME FOR A SIESTA.

Sam Houston & 800 Texans shout “Remember the Alamo!” as they rout Santa Anna.

Texas independence is secured!

Remember the Alamo.

Annex◦ Join

Reason:◦They worry about future Mexican invasion.

American Worries:◦Americans fear it will lead to a war with

Mexico.

Northerners opposed it! ◦Congressional power now favors slave-

states.

Texas becomes the 28th state.

1. Summarize Spain’s efforts to strengthen its colonization of North America. Why would these efforts change?

2. Name and describe the importance of the people in the battle of the Alamo.

3. Describe the events that led to Texas independence and statehood.

Without the Alamo there could have been no Battle of San Jacinto.

Without the Battle of San Jacinto, Texas could not have existed.

Without Texas, the westward expansion of the U.S. would have been thwarted.

Without the West, the U.S. would have remained an Atlantic power, and not risen to become a world power.

Without the U.S. as a world power, the world as we see it today would not exist

Sam Houston

William Travis

Davy Crocket

James Bowie

Santa Anna