2 Month Training at BSNL

CONTENTS:

INTRODUCTION TO BSNL SERVICES STRUCTURE OF EXCHANGE 5ESS SECTION (PILOT SOFTWARE) BROADBAND SECTION(DSLAM) OFC MAINTENENCE SECTION DOTSOFT MOBILE SECTION 3G TECHNOLOGY CONCLUSION

INTRODUCTION TO BSNL

Today BSNL is the no. 1 telecommunication company and the largest public sector undertaking of India & its responsibilities includes expansion of telecom services in all villages and installing confidence among customers.

Its new services includes:

INTERNET, ISDN, IN (INTELLIGENT NETWORK), GSM and WLL (WIRELESS IN LOCAL LOOP) services etc.

SERVICES

Basic Telephone ServicesThe Plain old, countrywide telephone services through 32000 electronic exchanges. Digitalized Public Switched Telephone Network (PSTN) with a host of Phone Plus value additions.

Data One BroadbandBSNL launched Data One broadband service in January 2005. The service is being provided on existing copper infrastructure on ADSL2 technology. Subsequently, other services such as Multicasting, Video Conferencing, Video on Demand, Broadcast application will be added.

CONTD…

ISDNIntegrated Service Digital Network Service of BSNL provides high speed and high quality voice, data and image transfer over the same line. It can also facilitate high quality video conferencing.

B (bearer) channel 64 kbps channelD (delta) channel 16kbps or 64kbps channel

CONTD..

Cell One Cellular Mobile ServiceCell One provides all the services like MMS, GPRS, voice mail, E-mail, Short Message Service (SMS) both national and international. Cell one offers all India Roaming facility to both prepaid and post paid customers.

Wireless in Local LoopThis is a communication system that connects customers to the Public Switched Telephone Network (PSTN) using radio frequency signals as a substitute for conventional wires for all or part of the connection between the subscribers and the telephone exchange.

STRUCTURE OF EXCHANGE

OMC ROOM

In the OMC Room there are: -(a) HARD DISK All the details are stored in it like – Meter readingsSubscriber details

(b) TAPE DRIVES On the Tape Drives we have all the data

such as: -

The details of the subscribersTheir Meter Readings etc.

ETM

This is the Interpreter or the translator which converts the Source Code into the Binary Code which the Electronic circuits deal in.The Temperature control of the OMC Room is a must as the ETM upon heating may function improperly.

EXPLOITATION ROOM

This is the Room from where all the changes are made.In this room we have Teletypewriters(TTY) on which we receive all the alarms

Teletypewriters consist of: -VDU (Visual Display Unit)KeyboardCPU (Central Processing Unit)To the teletypewriters printers are attached and all the commands that executed are printed side by side.The Routine Testing of Circuits and Connectivity is done from these teletypewriters.

MDF ROOM

This is the Interface between Subscriber and the Exchange.The wires from the Exchange reach the MDF and from the MDF they are sent to the Subscriber with the help of the Underground Jumper Cables.The excess Voltage (if any) in the Line is removed with the help of the

GAS DISCHARGE TUBES

MDF ROOM

WIRING SYSTEM

EXCHANGE SIDELINE SIDE

5ESS INTRODUCTION

The 5ESS-2000 Switch has 3 major types of equipped modules: SM/SM-2000 (Switching Module), CM (Communication Module) and AM (Administration Module). Each module performs assigned functions that contribute to the total operation of the 5ESSS-2000 Switch.

A soft switch is a central device in telephone network, which connects calls from one phone line to another, entirely by means of software running on computer system.

STRUCTURE OF 5ESS

LINES

LINESLINES

NCT NCT

NCT

DSCH

SWITCHING MODULE(SM-2000)

Performs almost 95% of the call processing and maintenance functions including· Call routing.· Circuit switching.· Packet switching.· Announcements· Routine maintenance and self-

maintenance. Call waiting· Call diversion.· Conference calls

COMMUNICATION MODULE(CM)

The CM serves as the hub (focal point) for all intermodule communication in a 5ESS-switch.

CM Functions:

Call switching: The CM inter connects the path between switching modules to complete telephone calls and to relay data.

Network timing: The CM provides accurate timing and synchronization for the 5ESS-switch.

The AM is connected to CM by the DSCH (Dual Serial Channel) bus.

ADMINISTRATION MODULE(AM)

In the 5ESS-switch, the AM is a switch equipment module, which has the overall control of the entire 5ESS-switch.The AM controls the CM and communicates with all the SMs through the CM. The AM monitors itself and the CM for malfunctions.

CALL PROCESSING

During a line-to-line call, the originating SM detects when a subscriber’s telephone receiver has been picked up and the originating SM provides a dial tone and removes dial tone when the first digit is dialed. It then, collects and analysis the dialed digits.Next, the SM sends a request to AM for a call path. The terminating SM locates the subscriber line for the line-to-line call and provides ringing. When AM has selected and available path, it alerts the CM to set up a link between the SMs.Originating SM sends a request to the AM for call path and AM select the available path. CM provides call paths between SMs and carries all internal system communications.

CALL STAGES

5ESS SWITCH APPLICATIONS

Local exchange: to establish a call between two subscribers.

CONTD..

Toll exchange: A Toll exchange connects a local exchange to another Local exchange or to a gateway exchange.

CONTD..

Gateway exchange: There is one international network consisting of interconnected gate exchanges. Each country in this network has its own gateway exchange an international toll exchange. International calls enter and leave the country from this gateway exchange.

DSLAM

DEFINITION OF DSLAM

- A DSLAM (Digital Subscriber Line Access Multiplexer) is a network device, usually at a telephone company central office.It receives signals from multiple customer Digital Subscriber Line (DSL) connections and puts the signals on a high-speed backbone line using multiplexing techniques.Depending on the product, DSLAM multiplexers connect DSL lines with some combination of asynchronous transfer mode (ATM), frame relay, or Internet Protocol networks. DSLAM enables a phone company to offer business or home users the fastest phone line technology (DSL) with the fastest backbone network technology (ATM).

PATH TAKEN BY DATA TO DSLAM

Residential/commercial source: DSL modem plugged into the customer's computer. Local loop: the telephone company wires from a customer to the telephone company's central office, often called the "last mile". DSLAM: a device for DSL service. Sending on the customer or downstream side, it intermixes voice traffic and VDSL traffic on the customer's DSL line. Receiving on that side, it accepts and separates outgoing phone and data signals from the customer. It directs the data signals upstream to the appropriate carrier's network, and the phone signals to the voice switch.

SPEED VS DISTANCE

Balanced pair cable has higher attenuation at higher frequencies, hence the longer the wire between DSLAM and subscriber, the slower the maximum possible data rate.

25 Mbit/s at 1,000 feet (~300 m) 24 Mbit/s at 2,000 feet (~600 m) 23 Mbit/s at 3,000 feet (~900 m) 22 Mbit/s at 4,000 feet (~1.2 km) 21 Mbit/s at 5,000 feet (~1.5 km or ~.95 miles) 19 Mbit/s at 6,000 feet (~1.8 km or ~1.14 miles) 16 Mbit/s at 7,000 feet (~2.1 km or ~1.33 miles) 1.5 Mbit/s at 15,000 feet (4.5 km or ~2.8 miles) 800 kbit/s at 17,000 feet (~5.2 km or ~3.2 miles).

IP DSLAM

IP-DSLAM stands for Internet Protocol Digital Subscriber Line Access Multiplexer.Traditional 20th century DSLAM used

Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM) technology to connect to upstream ATM routers/switches. These devices then extract the IP traffic and pass it on to an IP network. IP-DSLAMs extract the IP traffic at the DSLAM itself. Thus it is all IP from there. Advantage of IP-DSLAM over a traditional ATM DSLAM is in terms of lower capital expenditure and operational expenditure and a richer set of features and functionality.

NETWORKING USING IP DSLAM

OPTICAL FIBRE COMMUNICATION

THIS SECTION HAS NOT ANY IMPORTANCE FOR REST OF THE EXCHANGE.

IT IS INCLUDED TO CONNECT TWO EXCHANGES WITH EACH OTHER USING OPTICAL FIBRES.

IT IS ALSO CALLED NORTHERN TELECOM REGION( NTR SECTION).OPTICAL FIBRE IS USED IN THIS SECTION BECAUSE OF SECURITY ADVANTAGES.

THE ONE BOX OF THIS SECTION CONSISTS OF 63 PORTS EACH GIVING 2Mbps, THUS A TOTAL OF 126 BUT NORMALLY 155 Mbps IS OBTAINED BETWEEN THE TWO EXCHANGES.

OF PRINCIPLE

FIBRE OFFERS FOLLWING ADVANTAGES

LOW ATTENUATION.NO EAVESDROPPING.SUITABLE BANDWIDTH.FIBRE IS LIGHTER, SMALLER IN DIAMETER.SINCE THE SIGNAL IS NOT ELECTRICAL SO NO PROBLEM WITH ELECTRICAL INTERFERENCE.FIBRE SYSTEM IS USEFUL IN ROUGH ENVIRONMENTS WHERE ELECTRICAL SIGNALS MIGHT CAUSE SPARKS.

DOTSOFT

DOTSOFT is the main software which is installed at every BSNL exchange. DOTSOFT department has full access to the whole software. This software is developed at hyderabad and current version is 2 and it is being continuously updated by the developers. This is very sophisticated and complex system.

It has computerized each and every activity of the departments so it is a very large and complex software. It has many modules like :

DOTSOFT

Commercial module Billing module Enquiry module etc.

Each module is very complex in itself.

Telephone registration, telephone allotment, telephone bill generation,

automatic wait list generation etc. all are computerized by this software.

Now online bill payment is also the part of this software.

DOTSOFT ADVANTAGE

There are lot of enquiries, reports which enable the staff to give full information to subscriber from a remote location. This is the only package implemented throughout the BSNL to serve the public. Any change in the rule by DOT is being implemented immediately without any delay.

IMPLEMENTATION OF DOTSOFT

Planning of networking and hardware requirements.Planning nodes in different locations for network cabling.Installing the server with unix and Oracle database server.Loading of the windows XP, developer2000 ( run versions only ), application software’s at the central location and shift them later to the node points. Configure the nodes with network address.

BTS 3

BTS 2

BTS 1

GSM-900 System Specifications

Frequency Range : 890 MHz to 915 MHz for Uplink

935 MHz to 960 MHz for Downlink.

Uses TDM / TDMA technology for Downlink / Uplink.

124 Reusable Spot frequencies of 200 kHz bandwidth each.

Each Spot Frequency carries 8 Time slots for Traffic/Signalling.

Separate Logical Signalling & Traffic channels.

Normally 1 Time slot is used for signalling and 7 for Traffic.

Mobile Station (MS)

Mobile Station consist of two units

Mobile Hand set Subscriber Identity Module

Mobile Hand set is one of the most complicatedGSM device. It provides user the access to theNetwork. Each handset has unique identity no.called IMEI.

SIM is a removable module goes into the mobilehandset. Each SIM has unique number calledInternational Mobile Subscriber Identity (IMSI).It has built in Micro-computer & memory into it.

C= B log2 ( 1 + S/N )

Shannon’s Theorem for Channel capacity

For the same channel capacity, Spreading the signal to wider bandwidth enables to tolerate higher amount of noise ( interference ) in the system.

C=channel capacity B=channel bandwidth

S/N=Signal to noise ratio

CDMA Concepts

Since system can tolerate higher amount of noise adjacent cells use the same frequency.

There is no frequency planning is involved in CDMA systems.

CDMA Concepts

Each cell/sector uses the same frequency.

Magic of CDMA

NON CDMA CDMA

CDMA Concepts

Mobile Data Technologies

• HSCSD

• GPRS

• EDGE

• UMTS

• High Speed Circuit Switched Data

• GSM Phase 2+ service (2.5 G)

• Using Multiple Time slots

• 14.4 Kbps to 57.6 Kbps

Mobile Data Technologies

• HSCSD

• GPRS

• EDGE

• UMTS

• General Packet Radio Service

• GSM Phase 2+ service (2.5G)

• GPRS : Phase 1 & 2

• From 9.05 Kbps to 171.2 Kbps

Mobile Data Technologies

• Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evolution (2.75 G)

•14.4/28 Kbps to 384/512 Kbps

• EGPRS

• HSCSD

• GPRS

• EDGE

• UMTS

Mobile Data Technologies

• HSCSD

• GPRS

• EDGE

• UMTS• Universal Mobile Telecommunication System

• 3G standard

• Using W-CDMA technology

• Data rates up to 2 Mbps

Idle Mode Ready Stand By

GPRS Detached

Data is being Transfer

Registered but

data not transferring

GPRS efficiently utilize the network

Road Map of Mobile Data Communications

9.6 Kb/s

HSCSD

GPRS

EDGE

3GTECHNOLOGY

TIME 1999 - 2000 - 2001 - 2002

2G 2.5G 3G

3G FEATURES

The most significant feature offered by third generation (3G) mobile technologies is the capacity to support greater numbers of voice and data customers as well as higher data rates at lower incremental cost than 2G.

3G uses 5 MHz channel carrier width to deliver significantly higher data rates and increased capacity compared with 2G networks.

It also allows the transmission of 384kbps for mobile systems and 2Mbps for stationary systems.

CONTD…

HIGH SPEED

Speeds of up to 2 Megabits per second (Mbps) are achieved with Third Generation (3G).

The data transmission rates will depend upon the environment the call is being made.

Third Generation (3G) offers several new applications ranging from Web Browsing to file transfer to Home Automation- the ability to remotely access and control in-house appliances and machines. Because of the bandwidth increase, these applications will be even more easily available with 3G than they were previously with interim technologies such as GPRS.

CONTD…

SERVICE ACCESS

To use Third Generation (3G), users specifically need:

A mobile phone or terminal that supports Third Generation (3G)

A subscription to a mobile telephone network that supports Third Generation (3G)

CONTD..Advantages of 3G

3G will offer much higher bandwidth than 2G networks, with a maximum potential of 2Mbps.

Second, 3G network connections will be "always on" connection enabling push-style applications such as e-mail , calendar updates, news alerts, and instant messaging.

Lastly, 3G is a packet-switched technology for both voice and data.

CONTD.. Issues

Although 3G was successfully introduced to users across the world, some issues are debated by 3G providers and users:

Expensive input fees for the 3G service licenses & agreements Lack of member state support for financially troubled operators Expense of 3G phones Lack of buy-in by 2G mobile users for the new 3G wireless services Lack of coverage, because it is still a new service High prices of 3G mobile services in some countries, including Internet access.Current lack of user need for 3G voice and data services in a hand-held device

The Today

•Basic Landline•Broadband•Mobile (GSM & CDMA)•BD/LL/Corporate NW•Value Added services

The Tomorrow

•Number portability•3G and beyond (iphone, Blackberry etc)•All optical N/W (EPON & GEPON)•Total solution

The Future - Digital Home Connected through FTTH Network

IP TV

Online Gaming

DVR

PC

Instant Messaging, P2P Voice, Video &

File Sharing

Music Downloads

Lap Top

High Speed Internet

Telephony

Video Surveillance

Online Purchase

Residential Gateway i.e. ONU

PON

OLT

Internet

PSTN

Provider’s IP Backbone

Central Office

NAS

Video Servers

Storage Servers

Sensors &

Detectors

IP TVIP TV

Online GamingOnline

Gaming

DVRDVR

PCPC

Instant Messaging, P2P Voice, Video &

File Sharing

Instant Messaging, P2P Voice, Video &

File Sharing

Music Downloads

Music Downloads

Lap TopLap Top

High Speed Internet

High Speed Internet

TelephonyTelephony

Video Surveillance

Video Surveillance

Online Purchase

Online Purchase

Residential Gateway i.e. ONU

PON

OLT

Internet

PSTN

Provider’s IP Backbone

Central Office

NAS

Video Servers

Storage Servers

Sensors &

Detectors

Sensors &

Detectors

MOBILE COMMUNICATION

INTERNATIONAL MOBILE TELECOM 2000. ( IMT-2000)

IMT

A FUTURE STANDARD IN WHICH A

SINGLE INEXPENSIVE MOBILE TERMINAL CAN TRUELY PROVIDE COMMUNICATIONS ANY TIME AND ANY WHERE.

THIRD GENERATION (3 G ) STANDARD

THANK YOU !THANK YOU !