P o s t c l o s u r e E N D S T A R T F e a si b i l i t y S t u d y C l o s u r e I n j e c t i o n D e s i g n P h a s e Formation CO 2 Sweet Gas Raw Gas Near-Surface-Monitoring Techniques Deep Subsurface-Monitoring Techniques Thousands of Feet The Plains CO 2 Reduction Partnership Program: Addressing CO 2 Storage Through EOR Charles D. Gorecki, John A. Hamling, Scott C. Ayash, Edward N. Steadman, and John A. Harju, Energy & Environmental Research Center Why A Great Near-Term Solution • CO 2 EOR, a well-developed technique for injecting CO 2 EOR? and handling large volumes of CO 2 , has been used for over 40 years. • Much of the infrastructure is already in place. • Costs of storage can be o fset by income from EOR. Separation of CO 2 and Oil Oil Tank CO 2 Compression CO 2 Injection CO 2 from Pipeline characterization, modeling and T he Plains CO 2 Reduction (PCOR) Partnership , one of seven regional partnerships established by the U.S. Department of Energy National Energy Technology Laboratory’s Regional Carbon Sequestration Partnership Program, is identifying the most suitable carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) storage strategies and technologies, aiding in regulatory development, educating the general public, and investigating appropriate infrastructure for carbon capture and storage (CCS) commercialization within its region. This region includes all or part of nine U.S. states and four Canadian provinces. Partnering with several industry leaders in CO 2 enhanced oil recovery (EOR), the PCOR Partnership has been working to use this technology as a means for commercial-scale deployment of CCS. PCOR Alberta EERC Innovates Energy & Environmental Research Center ® sm Technology Putting Research into Practice Partnership AMERICAN COALITION FOR ENERGY CLEAN COAL ELECTRICITY Futures University of North Dakota Grand Forks 2003 – Present Biorecro America’s Oil Champion EXCELSIOR ENERGY Alberta Geological Survey MISSOURI Natural Resources MUREX MUREX MISSOURI RIVER DEPARTMENT OF PETROLEUM CORPORATION ENERGY SERVICES Canada minnesota power NATURAL RESOURCES NORTH DAKOTA O TTER AIL OFFICE OF RENEWABLE ENERGYAND ENERGY EFFICIENCY POWER COMPANY TM POWER SYSTEMS RAMGEN Shell Canada Limited Wyoming Office of State Lands and Investments ADVANCED WESTMORELAND GEOTECHNOLOGY COAL COMPANY 1/14 Monitoring, Verifcation, and Accounting (MVA) • Guided by site characterization, modeling, simulation, and risk assessment. CO 2 and Oil Proven Storage • Existing EOR operations are already incidentally storing CO 2 . • Almost every ton of CO 2 purchased is eventually stored. • Oil produced with CO 2 EOR is “greener” than conventionally produced oil. PCOR Partnership CO 2 EOR Potential EOR could increase domestic oil production by 25% in two decades. Site Characterization • Well data integration • Outcrop investigations • Core data analysis • Geophysical surveys Adaptive • Existing infrastructure evaluation Management Approach The PCOR Partnership is employing Modeling and Simulation a philosophy that integrates site • Compatibility with commercial project. • Use ft-for-purpose modeling simulation, and risk management to • Opportunity to supplement MVA and simulation to answer design a comprehensive monitoring Site program with commercial data. specifc questions. Characterization plan for CO 2 storage and EOR. Elements of any of these activities are crucial for • Two components: Oil and gas reservoirs - Surface and near-surface have already • Incorporate appropriate site characterization data. • Inform risk assessment and understanding or developing the others and evolve over the project phases. - Reservoir CO 2 Source Monitoring, Design Modeling and monitoring programs. demonstrated Recycle Facilities Simulation Injection and Accounting Oil Sales Production Wells 0’ Tubing Surface Casing Oil/Water/ CO 2 Production Casing Cement their ability to hold oil for Cement Risk Assessment millions of years. 1000’ Fox Hills Groundwater Wells Groundwater Wells Pierre 2000’ Surface Water Soil Gas Profle Stations Soil Gas Probes Production and Injection Rates Wellhead Pressure Monitoring Temperature PDM Pressure PDM 3-D Time-Lapse VSP 3-D Time-Lapse Seismic Passive Seismic Monitoring Geologic Seal CO 2 CO 2 and Oil Neutron Logging 3000’ 4000’ Niobrara Regionally, over Carlile Impact Severity 5000’ Greenhorn CO 2 EOR and Storage Zone Belle Fourche Mowry Muddy 1 2 3 4 5 Skull Creek Dakota 5 6 7 8 9 10 Risk Assessment 3.5 billion tons Probability (Frequency) 4 5 6 7 8 9 of CO 2 storage potential • Identify relevant risks. • Rank the relative likelihood of occurrence 3 4 5 6 7 8 in the oil and gas felds and potential magnitude of impact. 2 3 4 5 6 7 For more information regarding the PCOR Partnership, visit our Web site at www.undeerc.org/PCOR. To request a • Identify critical risks. 1 2 3 4 5 6 complimentary copy of one of the many informational and and 7 billion stb • Implement strategies to reduce the educational products featured on our Web site, including the likelihood and/or impact of unacceptable risks. PCOR Partnership Atlas, 4th Edition, Revised, contact: of incremental oil. • Evaluate, monitor, and mitigate relevant hazards. Charles Gorecki Energy & Environmental Research Center • Evaluate remediation strategies based on cost-efectiveness. 15 North 23rd Street, Stop 9018, Grand Forks, ND 58202-9018 701-777-5355, [email protected] Fourth EAGE CO 2 Geological Storage Workshop, April 2014 This material is based on work supported by the U.S. Department of Energy National Energy Technology Laboratory under Award No. DE-FC26-05NT42592.