1st year lecture 4 ethnicities, minorities and immigragion 2017 full lecture

Minority

Race

Racism

Ethnicity/Ethnic Group

Minority: less than half the whole

Race: common origin & genetic characteristics

Racism: belief that members of 1 race are

inferior or superior to another race,

and hostility to other races.

Ethnicity: Common consciousness of shared

origins and traditions.

Differences are cultural and not biological.

Ethnic identity linked to national, linguistic

and religious identity.

Segregation

Discrimiination

Assimilation

Segregation: Groups live apart, either by minority choice or majority imposition.

Discrimination: the practice of treating people unfairly & differently from other people. Assimilation: Disappearance of distinctions, + movement and marriage between ethnic groups Coexistence of different groups with different values with no complete assimilation. Multiculturalism: diversity of groups which remain culturally distinct.

White88%

Other12%

1914-1918

WWI Men from across the Empire fought for Britain

India: 1.3 M Soldiers

Government feared the impact of black faces in white Britain (race riots in 1919)

British Troops

The British Indian Army

1.3 million men served in WW1, and 2.5 million in WW2. Volunteer Indian Soldiers under British officers.

Before the Second World War, most immigrants to Britain came from the largely white Old Commonwealth countries of Canada, Australia and New Zealand, and from South Africa.

All Commonwealth citizens were allowed free access and were not treated as aliens.

1946-1948

Labour shortages in Britain. The government began looking for immigrants.

157,000 Poles settled in the UK (joined by Italians)

Reluctance to allow immigration from the empire, but not enough workers from Europe.

Visuals

At the invitation of government agencies immigrants came to fill the vacant manual and lower-paid jobs of an expanding economy

People from non-white New Commonwealth nations of India, Pakistan and the West Indies came to Britain

On 22 June 1948, hundreds of men from the West Indies were brought to London.

Ends discrimination on the grounds of race, ethnic or national origins

Outlaws discrimination in public places

legislation considered weak by labourbackbenchers and anti-racist groups

Extended in1968 to cover employment & housing

Better definition of direct and indirect discrimination

outlawed racial discrimination in the work place and at school, in provision of goods and services,

created CRE (Commission for Racial Equality) to investigate unlawful discrimination.

But tightened immigration standards

A black British man fromSouth East London.Was murdered in a racist attack while waiting for a bus on the evening of 22 April 1993.

Two of the 5 perpetrators were convicted almost 20 years later in 2012.

A public enquiry was ordered into the death of Stephen Lawrence conducted by Macpherson

Following Macpherson's report, the 1976 Act was amended in 2000 to include the police for the first time.

Public bodies must promote race equality & prevent race discrimination.

Efforts to increase minority ethnic staff.

White population: 87.9%

White population: 55 M

Total Asians: 4.4 M◦ Indian 1.5

◦ Pakistani 1.2

◦ Bangladeshi 450,000

◦ Chinese 420,000

Total Blacks:4.9 M

0% 5% 10% 15% 20% 25% 30%

Bangladeshi

Pakistani

White and Black Caribbean

Black Caribbean

Other Black

Indian

2/5th of people from ethnic minorities live in low-income households, twice the rate for White people.

Limiting long-term illness as compared to White British

Minorities have their own newspapers: Caribbean Time, Asian Time and Amar Deep Hindi

They have their own political organizations:

The Standing Conference of Afro-Caribbean

The Asian Councilors

The Black Against State Harassment and Repression Groups

The Muslim Parliament

Household size: largest for Bangladeshi and Pakistani

Employment: Indians were least disadvantaged & Bangladeshis most disadvantaged.

Home ownership: Indians &Pakistanis higher / Caribbean and Bangladeshi rented houses

Cars: Highest for Indians lowest for Bangladeshi

Ability to speak and read English: greatest among Indians and least among Bangladeshis

Patterns of religious affiliation:

- All Pakistanis and Bangladeshis Muslims

- Indians split: Hindus, Sikhs and Muslims.

- Caribbeans mainly Protestant or Catholic

the Civil Service: In 2015, 11% of Civil Servants were from minority ethnic groups. This compares with 7% in the UK Armed Forces.

the NHS has the largest share of ethnic minorities. 18% of all NHS staff and around 41% of Doctors in England are from an ethnic minority background.

6% of Members of both Houses are from an ethnic minority background.

Lady Doreen Lawrence Mother of Stephen Lawrence takes her seat in the House of Lords , 2013

Born in Tooting, South London to a working-class British Pakistani family

The Right Honourable, Sadiq Khan, 3rd Mayor of London

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