• 1950s had been the era of peace & prosperty • The younger generations were affected by significant events around them: – Civil Rights – Class Segregation – Cold War – Mistrust in U.S. Gov’t • RESULT: Power in numbers! Youths were represented by the baby boomer generation who would now take part in society Chapter 26: The Politics of Protest The Growth of the Youth Movement
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1950s had been the era of peace & prosperty The younger generations were affected by significant events around them: – Civil Rights – Class Segregation.
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• 1950s had been the era of peace & prosperty
• The younger generations were affected by significant events around them:– Civil Rights– Class Segregation– Cold War– Mistrust in U.S. Gov’t
• RESULT: Power in numbers! Youths were represented by the baby boomer generation who would now take part in society
The Free Speech Movement• Begins @ the University of
California, Berkeley in response to a ban on students against political protesting
• Caused a rift between students & administration leading to arrests
• Launched nation-wide free speech movement
• RESULT: Supreme Court upholds the students’ right to freedom of speech… this would pave the way for future college demonstrations
Counterculture: a culture with values & beliefs different than the mainstream
HIPPIES• Began as a reaction to the 1950s stereotype of “the man” in a
suit who led a constricted life• As it grew – many just joined for: fashion & drugs• Many lived in communes: group living arrangements where
people share everything• Most popular location: Haight-Ashbury, San Francisco – Anti: Western civilization, rationality, order, tradition– Pro: freedom, closeness to nature, love, empathy, tolerance,
cooperation
Counterculture Cont’d…• New Religious Movements– In a movement of rejection towards materialism, many
people embraced spirituality– Astrology, magic, eastern religions, Christianity
• The Counterculture Declines– After a few years the movement deteriorates– Hippie communities turned to criminalized areas– Drug education heightened– Most returned to “mainstream” society when they were
unable to support themselves financially
FASHION
• “costumes” rather than “uniforms”• Colorful, beaded, braided, patched, fringed clothing• Comfort, layers, loosely worn garments• “recycling” military uniforms with new designs as a
means of protesting war• Longer hair
ART• Pop Art: art that reflects pop culture– Photos, comics, ads, brand-names– Andy Warhol: most famous pop artist
• Music & Dance– Rock continues to flourish
(BEATLEMANIA!!!)– Rock paired with storytelling about the
rifts between generations (Bob Dylan, Janis Joplin, Jimi Hendrix)
– Woodstock: 1969 NY festival with music & dance
FEMINISM: the belief that men + women should be equal politically, economically & socially
• Women had played major roles in wartime & raising families
• Now wanted TRUE equality, not just on paper (think 19th amendment)
• Equal Rights Amendment (ERA): 1972 – protests women against discrimination
• Goal: equality within:– The workplace– As writers/authors– As teachers
AFFIRMATIVE ACTION: an active effort to improve employment/educational opportunities for minorities
• Critics saw this as a form of “reverse discrimination”• Goal: opportunities in:– Education, Politics, Job markets, Farmworkers
• Applied to (mainly):– African Americans, Native Americans, Hispanic Americans– Cesar Chavez: most important advocate for Mexican America laborers
Environmentalism: Going Green!
• Goal: be more eco-conscious to extend the life of people, wildlife & the planet