18.2 Challenging Segregation
Jan 20, 2016
18.2Challenging Segregation
Lesson Objectives
1. The students will be able to explain the effect of the Sit-In Movement.
2. The students will be able to discuss the effect of the Birmingham protests.
3. The students will be able to explain what the CRA of 1964 did for
African Americans.
A. The Sit-In Movement
1. Started by four African American teenage boys.
a. Refused to move from the counter until they
were served.2. More than 100 cities had
sit-ins.3. Largely put together by
college students.
4. Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee
(SNCC)i. Students from the
South were the majority of members.
-Also had white members
ii.**Sent volunteers to the Deep South, rural areas, to help voter registration.
5. Voter Education Projecta. **Push focus to the
rural areas of the Deep South.
b. Dangerous to travel to the South.
i. 3 SNCC workers murdered in 1964.
**6. Main Goal of CRM: Integrate public
places and the right to vote
B. The Freedom Riders
1.**Protested bus terminal segregation.2. May 1961, first FR
group went down South
i. Met by angry white mobs; bombed buses
3. Violence against the FRs shocked
Americans and JFK
C. Kennedy and Civil Rights1. Promised to support
CR during campaign.2. Cautious in office,
need support from Southern senators.
3. Created the Committee on Equal
Employment Opportunity (CEEO). i. Stop discrimination in hiring and promotions in the
Fed. Gov.
4. Justice Departmenta. Run by Robert F.
Kennedy i. **Filed lawsuits across
the South against those that stopped voter registration.
b. JFK forced Interstate Commerce Commission to integrate bus
terminals.
5. James Meredith
a. Air Force veteranb. Wanted to register at
the University of Mississippi. i. Denied entrance by
Gov. Ross Barnett c. 500 federal marshals
and several thousand troops sent by JFK.
D. Violence in Birmingham
1. Demonstration lead by Dr. King.
2. Dr. King arrested after 8 days of protesting.
a. “Letter from Birmingham Jail”3. After Dr. King's release, the protest
grew even more.
E. Civil Rights Act of 1964
1. Alabama Gov. George Wallacea. Denied AA students
entrance to U of Alabama.
2. Murder of civil rights worker brought JFK to announce the bill.
3. March on Washington
a. August 28th, 1963.b. Created to help
support bill.c. MLK Jr. delivered his
“I Have a Dream” speech.i. March and speech
built momentum for the bill.
4. Bill becomes a Law
a. Problems in the Senatei. Filibuster from
Southern Dems.b. President Johnson
used background as Senator to pressure Congress.
c. Bill signed on July 2nd, 1964.
**d. Most Comprehensive Civil Rights Law
i. Fed. Gov could prevent discrimination in many areas.
ii. Segregation illegal in most public places.
iii. End school segregation and discrimination in the workplace.
iv. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC)-Monitored ban on job discrimination
F. Voting Rights1. 24th Amendment
eliminated the poll tax.
2. The Selma Marcha. March 7th, 1965b. Selma to
Montgomeryc. 500 protesters
3. Protesters beat by police in front of t.v. cameras.
4. Voting Rights Act of 1965
a. Passed August 3rd, 1965.i. Federal examiners
sent to register voters
ii. Literacy tests gone b. Dramatic Results
i. 250,000 registeredc. Movement shifted
focus to social/economic issues.