17 June 2013Ganesha Associates1 Competências Básicas de Investigação Científica e de Publicação Lecture 3: How publishing works and how to become a better.

Ganesha Associates 117 June 2013

Competências Básicas de Investigação Científica e de Publicação

Lecture 3: How publishing works and how to become a better author.

Phonoaudiology November 2013


• Attribution of priority via peer review– It’s new (probably), you were the first !

• Verification via peer review– Your conclusions are clear and plausible– Your methodology is appropriate

• Communication– Integration into the consensus view– Permanent archive– Replication

• Professional advancement !!– Broad readership– High rates of citation (= recognition)– CAPES Qualis points– $$$$$

For you, getting published is important…

Ganesha Associates 2013

So, the Editor has two choices…

05/06/2013


Rejection: Royal Society for Chemistry

• “Articles submitted to our journals are pre-screened so the editor that is handling the article decides that the article is either out of the journal scope or that the article is clearly below the quality level of the journal.

• The pre-screening rates of our journals varies a lot. Our high quality journals have a pre screen rate of about 80%.”

05/06/2013


The importance of rejection rates


Reasons for rejection

• Mismatch with journal aims and scope [submit to wrong journal]

• Failure to follow journal’s instructions to authors• Badly written, bad English, bad Portuguese

• Lack of originality, novelty or significance [weak hypothesis]

• Flaws in study design [poor experimental design]

• Several of these problems are easily avoidable!

05/06/2013

Lost in translation

• “Poor English” often used as a euphemism for “badly written”

• Poor Portuguese translates as poor English• If the science is clear (title, abstract, intro,

results) the chances of rejection are reduced

So which journal should I choose?

Ganesha Associates 201305/06/2013

Orthopaedic physical therapyBMC Musculoskeletal Disorders Impact Factor : 1.875 J. Orthopaedic and Sports Physical Therapy Impact Factor : 2.538 Physical Therapy Impact Factor : 2.645 Spine Impact Factor : 2.624

Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Impact Factor : 2.358

American J. Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation Impact Factor : 1.556 The Journal Of Hand Surgery Impact Factor : 1.572

Knee Surgery, Sports Traumatology, Arthroscopy Impact Factor : 2.676

J. Bone and Joint Surgery Impact Factor : 2.967

Journal selection criteria

• Your hypothesis• Aims and scope of journal• Impact Factor• Speed and ease of publication• Publisher’s statistics on circulation, downloads• Colleagues• Qualis ranking


What is an Impact factor?• For a given year, the impact factor is the average

number of citations per paper published during the two preceding years.– A = number of times articles published in 2006 and 2007

were cited by other indexed journals during 2008. – B = total number of articles published in 2006 and 2007. – 2008 impact factor = A/B.

• Used as a proxy for the relative importance of a journal within its field based on a measure of the average number of citations received by each article.

17 June 2013

02/10/2013 Ganesha Associates 2013

Try to publish in international journals with good impact factors

Example: Nature press release July 2013

• “The 2012 Journal Citation Report (JCR) places Nature Communications at #3 and Scientific Reports at #8 in the top 10 Multidisciplinary Sciences titles.

• Nature remains #1 in the Multidisciplinary Sciences, with an Impact Factor of 38.597, and is the most cited science journal in the world with 554,745 citations in 2012.”

So getting published isn’t easy…

• Journal editors are fiercely competitive• They only want to publish articles that will

improve the standing of their journal• So they select only those articles that they

think will be highly cited…• And reject the majority of articles sent to

them [up to 90+%]


Implications for you!

• Identify the most important journals in your field • Check their impact factors, Qualis rankings• Read the ‘Aims and Scope’ statements for each

journal carefully• Does your hypothesis fit the Aims and Scope?• Can you find similar articles in recently published

issues?


Cell: Aims and Scope

• Cell publishes findings of unusual significance in any area of experimental biology, including but not limited to cell biology, molecular biology, neuroscience, immunology, virology and microbiology, cancer, human genetics, systems biology, signaling, and disease.

• The basic criterion for considering papers is whether the results provide significant conceptual advances into, or raise provocative questions and hypotheses regarding an interesting biological question.

Journal of Voice: Aims and scope

The Journal of Voice includes clinical and research articles that are of interest to all professionals of all backgrounds. Papers are solicited on all aspects of voice, including basic voice science, acoustics, anatomy, synthesis, medical and surgical treatment of voice problems, voice therapy, voice pedagogy, and studies in other areas that increase the knowledge of normal (including performance) and abnormal vocal function in adults and children. Review articles will also be considered.

Brazilian Journal of Otorhinolaryngology: Aims and Scope

Brazilian Journal of Otorhinolaryngology publishes original contributions in otolaryngology and the associated areas (cranio-maxillo-facial surgery and phoniatrics).

The aim of this journal is the national and international divulgation of the scientific production interesting to the otolaryngology, as well as the discussion, in editorials, of subjects of scientific, academic and professional relevance.


Inside a primary journal: Cell

• Cell was launched in 1974 as the journal of exciting biology.

• Now a part of Elsevier’s Cell Press, a family of 15 journals,

• Cell’s Ph.D.-trained scientific editors work with authors, reviewers, and editorial board members with the goal of publishing 26 issues of the most interesting discoveries in biology every year


What is the Editor looking for ?

• Plausibility– Is the experimental design robust ?– How effectively have the alternative hypotheses

been excluded ?• Topicality

– Is the work original– Is it interesting ?– Is it relevant ?– Is it useful ?

Covering letter format

• Address to the editor personally • State your manuscript title and publication type • Give a brief background, rationale and

description of your results • Explain the importance of your findings and

why they would be of interest to the journal’s target audience

• Supply details of possible reviewers


The role of peer review

– History– Anonymous– Multiple, to avoid bias– Validation/accreditation– Selecting the best

• Or avoiding the worse ?– Alternatives

• Neuroscience• PLos One• Elsevier


Peer review – the pros

–The process forces authors to meet the standards of their discipline and achieve scientific objectivity.

–Publications that do not involve peer review are likely to be regarded with suspicion by scholars and professionals in many fields.

–Peer review is important to achieve clear, precise writing.


Peer review – the cons

– A peer is likely to be a competitor. How objective are they going to be ?

– Most articles get published and the quality of articles published in high impact titles such as Nature is highly variable.

– Authors are encouraged by the publishing process to exaggerate their claims and even be selective of the data being published, leading to bias

– Negative findings are rarely published, leading to further bias when judging the effectiveness say of new medical technologies


Alternatives: PLOS ONE

• PLOS ONE is a journal that publishes reports of original research from all disciplines within science and medicine.

• PLOS ONE will rigorously peer-review manuscripts and will publish all papers that are technically sound.

• Judgments about the importance of any particular paper are made after publication by the readership, I,e, citations, article downloads.

17 June 2013

A letter of rejection

Dear Author,

We have received the reports from our advisors on your manuscriptXYZ-D-13-00220 “Title********************************".

With regret, I must inform you that, based on the advice received, I have decided that your manuscript cannot be accepted for publication in the Journal of Imaginary Microbiology.

Below, please find the comments for your perusal.

You are kindly requested to also check the website for possible reviewer attachment(s).

I would like to thank you very much for forwarding your manuscript to us for consideration and wish you every success in finding an alternative place of publication.

With kind regards,Editor

What to do next

• Unconditional rejection– Editor offers no opportunity for appeal– Show comments to colleagues– Revise as though the rejection was conditional– Submit to a different journal

• Conditional rejection– Regard this as an opportunity to improve your paper– Show comments to colleagues– Respond to all comments and record your actions in a

covering letter– Consider submitting to a better journal!

Reviewer comments - example

• The paper needs to be formatted properly for the journal. • This reviewer was only able to find information for papers

submitted with Introduction, materials and methods, results and discussion sections while much of this is in the paper the format appears to be incorrect even for a short communication.

• It was difficult to find the number of samples taken or to understand the experimental set-up as written; changing the style to a more traditional journal format as suggested above would help with this.

• In addition the most important reference Brown et al 2013 is missing!


This paper describes clinical and cytogenetic finding in a child with retinoblastoma who had an aggressive fatal course. The authors postulate that this may be related to changes in chromosome 6. However, it is difficult to see how the findings here either promote or negate that hypothesis. In addition several other problems should be addressed:

a. Abstract, line 9: could (not should)

b. Abstract: define IO

c. Staging details at the time of initial diagnosis are inadequate. Were scans done of the head? chest? abdomen? pelvis? bone?

d. One assumes that the right eye was normal at initial diagnosis but this is not stated.

Reviewer comments - example

Referee’s comments can be confusing

Referee response letter

• Respond to all of the reviewers’ comments • Describe all of the changes you have made in the letter

• Also describe the reasons why you have not made suggested changes

• Make it easy to see the changes have made in the manuscript itself – Refer to line and page numbers – Different color font – Highlight the text

Referee response letter

• If you disagree with the reviewer with the reviewer be clear why:– Reviewer Comment: In your analysis of the data you have chosen to

use a somewhat obscure fitting function (regression). In my opinion, a simple Gaussian function would have sufficed. Moreover, the results would be more instructive and easier to compare to previous results.

– Author response: We agree with the reviewer that a simple Gaussian fit would facilitate comparison with the results of other studies. However, our tailored function allows for the analysis of the data in terms of the Smith model [Smith et al, 1998]. We have added two sentences to the paper (page 3 paragraph 2) to explain the use of this function and Smith’s model.

Break

You…

• How can we improve our research outputs?– Quantity– Quality

• How can we avoid rejection?• How can we increase citation rates?• How can we publish in quality journals?

Where does it go wrong?

Project proposal

Experiment, results, analysis

Write article

Submit to journal

Rejection/acceptance

Re-submit

?

Project titles – the problem starts here

• Análise dos limiares de sensibilidade à pressão e à corrente elétrica em acupontos em indivíduos com e sem migrânea

• Frequência, localização anatômica e limiar de percepção dolorosa em pontos gatilhos miofasciais na cabeça e pescoço em mulheres com migrânea.

• Ultrassonografia e eletromiografia de superfície dos músculos flexores cervicais em mulheres com migrânea e cefaleia do tipo tensional

Titles are easily improved – focus on outcomes rather than methods

• DIAPHRAGM RELEASE MANUAL TECHNIQUE EFFECTS ON DIAPHRAGMATIC MOBILITY, RESPIRATORY MUSCLE STRENGTH AND EXERCISE PERFORMANCE IN COPD PATIENTS: A RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL.

• MANUAL DIAPHRAGM RELEASE TECHNIQUE INCREASES TIDAL VOLUME IN ELDERLY COPD PATIENTS

Frequência, localização anatômica e limiar de percepção dolorosa em pontos gatilhos miofasciais na cabeça e pescoço em

mulheres com migrânea.

Context: Migraine is a very common pain syndrome and the mechanisms that can cause or aggravate the pain and the consequences of its chronicity are still not completely understood. Studies have shown that migraine is associated with a central sensitization phenomena in which noxious stimuli cause changes in the central nervous system , sensitizing cranial nociceptors and reducing their activation threshold . In this context , the constant peripheral nociceptive input due to myofascial trigger points in the muscles of the head and neck may be associated with the onset of the migraine attack . The elucidation of the role of trigger points in migraine is essential in order to establish and direct physical therapy through tools useful for patients with myofascial disorders associated with migrainous framework .

Objective: To evaluate and compare differences in the frequency , anatomical location and sensory threshold pressure of the trigger points of the trapezius ( descending fibers ) , masseter , sternocleidomastoid , in women with and without migraine .

Hypotheses – mechanism not measurement

• Patients with migraine have a higher amount of myofascial trigger points in the temporalis, masseter, sternocleidomastoid and descending trapezius muscles.

• Patients with migraine have a low threshold for pain sensation in these points.

• Cutaneous mechanical cephalic and extra-cephalic allodynia vary within one month

Finding this information is not difficult

Top ten journals in this field

1. Headache Total score: 1.46

2. Pain Total score: 1.24

3. Current pain and headache reports Total score: 0.91

4. Cephalalgia : an international journal of headache Total score: 0.71

5. The journal of pain : official journal of the American Pain Soc Total score: 0.51

6. European journal of neurology : the official journal of the Eur Total score: 0.47

7. Medical hypotheses Total score: 0.41

8. Brain : a journal of neurology Total score: 0.41

9. Chinese medicine Total score: 0.39

10. Neurology Total score: 0.39

Conclusions

• Make sure your hypothesis is firmly rooted in the current literature

• Identify at least one journal that is publishing work based on similar hypotheses

• If your reference list does not contain many recently published articles, you have a problem

Measuring group performance

The h-index is an index that attempts to measure both the productivity and impact of the published work of a scientist or scholar. The index is based on the set of the scientist's most cited papers and the number of citations that they have received in other publications

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:H-index-en.svg

0 5 10 15 20 250

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

Fisioterapia - departmental performance

Article output 2008-2013

H-in

dex


Why do papers not get cited?


Echocardiography evaluations for asymptomatic patients with severe obesity

Abstract

Objective: To study the systolic and diastolic function of asymptomatic patients with severe obesity using a Doppler echocardiography. Methods: Thirty candidates for bariatric surgery, with an average BMI of 49.2 ± 8.8 Kg/m2 and no previous history of heart disease were evaluated through transthoracic echocardiography. Results: Enlarged left chambers were observed in 42.9% of the sample, diastolic dysfunction in 54.6% and left ventricular hypertrophy in 82.1%, of which 50% of the cases presented the geometric pattern of eccentric hypertrophy. Indexation of left ventricular mass to height resulted in a significantly higher number of diagnoses for hypertrophy than indexation to body surface area (p = 0.0053), demonstrating that this index is more appropriate to determine ventricular hypertrophy in obese people. Correlations between left ventricular hypertrophy with obesity duration and pressure levels were positive as well as correlations between body mass index and diastolic dysfunction indicators. Conclusion: This study demonstrated that echocardiograms performed on asymptomatic severely obese patients can detect alterations in the cardiac structure that are common in cases of obesity cardiomyopathy and can be associated with the development of heart failure, arrhythmias and sudden death, enabling the identification of patients with greater cardiovascular risk.

02/10/2013


Echocardiography evaluations for asymptomatic patients with severe obesity• Objective: To study the systolic and diastolic function of

asymptomatic patients with severe obesity using a Doppler echocardiography.

• Conclusion: This study demonstrated that echocardiograms performed on asymptomatic severely obese patients can detect alterations in the cardiac structure that are common in cases of obesity cardiomyopathy and can be associated with the development of heart failure, arrhythmias and sudden death, enabling the identification of patients with greater cardiovascular risk.

02/10/2013


Echocardiography identifies obese patients at risk of cardiovascular complications

• Objective: Can echocardiograms be used to identify patients at risk of cardiovascular complications?

• Conclusion: Echocardiograms detect common alterations in the cardiac structure in asymptomatic severely obese patients. These changes are associated with the development of heart failure, arrhythmias and sudden death. Thus, echocardiograms can be used to identify patients at risk of cardiovascular complications.

02/10/2013


Use eTBLAST to identify similar articles

02/10/2013

Top 10 Journals for your area of interest:

1. Arquivos brasileiros de cardiologia Total score: 1.12

2. Hypertension Total score: 0.93

3. The American journal of cardiology Total score: 0.91

4. Journal of hypertension Total score: 0.85

5. Journal of the American College of Cardiology Total score: 0.73

6. International journal of cardiology Total score: 0.67

7. European heart journal Total score: 0.63

8. Journal of human hypertension Total score: 0.59

9. Acta cardiologica Total score: 0.52

10. Giornale italiano di cardiologia Total score: 0.37


Hunt the hypothesis


Do malnutrition and fluoxetine neonatal treatment program alterations in heart morphology?

Abstract: Growth and development events are observed in all organisms and can be modified by exogenous factors such as nutritional changes. Drastic morphological and functional alterations may occur during a vulnerable stage of development. The aim of this study was to investigate if malnutrition and/or fluoxetine neonatal treatment program alterations in heart morphology during the postnatal period. The sample consisted of 48 albino Wistar male rats. The rats were divided into two groups: nourished and malnourished. Pharmacologic manipulation was performed during the suckling period. The animals of each group were divided into two subgroups: saline-nourished and saline-malnourished, treated with sodium chloride solution, and fluoxetine-nourished and fluoxetine-malnourished, treated with fluoxetine. Half of the individuals in each subgroup were weighed and sacrificed on day 30 and the other half on day 71. Myocardial perfusion was performed and the heart subsequently weighed. The ventricles were cross-sectioned into two parts, which were fixed, dehydrated and sectioned. There were differences in body weight, heart weight, cross-sectional area and perimeter of the heart and in the cross-sectional area and perimeter of the cardiac cells among the groups at the different ages. Malnutrition appears to program alterations in heart morphology. However, malnourished animals that had undergone drug treatment did not exhibit the same changes

02/10/2013


IntroductionLong-term consequences in adult life dependent on environmental stimuli during critical periods of development (fetal, neonatal or infancy) have been evidenced by epidemiological and animal studies (Hales and Barker, 1992, Ozanne et al., 1998 and Lopes de Souza et al., 2008). The mechanism associated with these effects is called “programming”, whereby environmental aggression during a critical period of development would have permanent effects on the structure and function of the organs (Lucas, 1991). Nutritional status during the critical period of development has been considered an important inducer of programming in both animals and humans. A growth rate deficit, increased oxidative damage and changes in glucose/insulin metabolism have been observed in rats submitted early in life to either a maternal dietary-protein restriction (40–50% of normal intake) or to low-protein diet throughout gestation and lactation ( Desai et al., 1996, Ozanne et al., 1998 and Toscano et al., 2008). In humans, a number of epidemiological studies have provided support to the association between low birth weight and metabolic diseases in adult life (Hales and Barker, 1992 and Ravelli et al., 1998). The effects of early malnutrition on cardiac development have been investigated.

Malnutrition prevents growth and causes an overall deterioration of tissue, especially a severe loss of muscular tissue, including cardiac muscle (Bergman et al., 1988, Almeida and Mandarim-de-Lacerda, 2005 and Toscano et al., 2008). During its development, the heart is damaged by the adverse effects of malnutrition (Fioretto et al., 2002). Animal studies show that malnutrition reduces heart cell mass proportionally to weight loss (Alden et al., 1987, Pissaia et al., 1980, Vandewoude and Buyssens, 1992 and Webb et al., 1986).

The interference in the growth and development processes caused by malnutrition is also seen in the balance of neurotransmitter systems. Regarding the serotonergic system, malnutrition in early life in rats reduces serotonergic fibers and serotonin (5-HT) reuptake sites in the hippocampus ( Blatt et al., 1994). Even after short periods of food restriction, metabolic 5-HT changes and also changes in the levels of other substances, such as dopamine, were noted in rat pups (Ishida et al. 1997). It is well known that protein malnutrition early in life promotes an increase of 5-HT and norepinephrine levels in rat brain ( Sobotka et al., 1974, Stern et al., 1975 and Resnick et al., 1979). There is also evidence that norepinephrine is increased in the heart of malnourished rats (Pissaia et al., 1980).

Besides its action as a neurotransmitter, 5-HT plays a role in regulating the growth of neural and non-neural tissues ( Buznicov et al., 2001). Serotonin is believed to act as a morphogenetic signal in rat embryos, possibly regulating the action or expression of other growth regulatory molecules ( Yavarone et al., 1993). Manipulation of the serotonergic system may affect cardiovascular morphogenesis (Negibil et al., 2001) as well as regulating heart cell growth (Yavarone et al., 1993).

According to these hypotheses, optimal serotonin levels may be mitogenic, although high concentrations of this amine seem to be inhibitory ( Yavarone et al., 1993). The use of 5-HT reuptake inhibitors (SSRI) during development of the embryo decreased the cell proliferation in the myocardium, cardiac mesenchyma and endothelium growth (Yavarone et al., 1993). Fetal and early infancy environmental exposure can impair cardiovascular health and functioning (Mone et al., 2004). Among the cardiovascular problems that may be caused by environmental exposure is abnormal anatomic development ( Mone et al., 2004). Therefore there is increasing evidence that the cardiovascular system is susceptible to external influences throughout gestation and after birth (Mone et al., 2004).

Considering the nutritional and the neurotransmitters influences on body and heart development it would be very opportune to compare the consequences of the early malnutrition and 5-HT pharmacological manipulations on body and heart growth. The aim of this study was therefore to investigate if malnutrition and/or fluoxetine neonatal treatment program alterations in heart morphology.

02/10/2013

http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0024320508001392#bib13



























































Introduction

Considering the nutritional and the neurotransmitters influences on body and heart development it would be very opportune to compare the consequences of the early malnutrition and 5-HT pharmacological manipulations on body and heart growth. The aim of this study was therefore to investigate if malnutrition and/or fluoxetine neonatal treatment program alterations in heart morphology.

02/10/2013



Choosing the right journal

?


Communities of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in dry tropical forests of Northeast Brazil

The arbuscular mycorrhizal association is one of the important strategies used by plants in arid and semiarid regions to support water scarcity and soil nutrient deficiency. In this study the diversity and activity of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) were investigated in two types of dry tropical forest. Soil and roots samples were collected in areas of thorny dry woody savanna (TDWS) and in areas of mixed savanna and montane deciduous shrub (SMDS) in Pernambuco State, Brazil. Twenty seven species from 10 genera of Glomeromycota were identified, and Acaulospora was the most representative. An average of 50 spores per 100 g of soil was recovered from the two areas. The infection potential of the AMF was determined using colonized root fragments and extraradical mycelium and demonstrated the importance of these propagules for the colonization of roots. Under the same semiarid conditions, the two tropical dry forests studied harbored distinct AMF communities indicating that the soil and vegetation type are the key influencers of the composition and activity of these fungi in the studied areas. 02/10/2013


Using eTBLAST to find similar articles


Top 10 Journals for your area of interest:

1. Mycorrhiza Total score: 8.23

2. Oecologia Total score: 1.40

3. The New phytologist Total score: 1.31

4. Mycologia Total score: 0.81

5. Molecular ecology Total score: 0.75

6. Ying yong sheng tai xue bao = The journal of applied ecology / Total score: 0.67

7. Applied and environmental microbiology Total score: 0.65

8. Environmental microbiology Total score: 0.62

9. Revista de biología tropical Total score: 0.46

10. Journal of plant physiology Total score: 0.44


EDANZ Journal Selector




The importance of structure

Title

Summary

Introduction

Results

Discussion

Document

Sections

Paragraphs

Sentences

Phrases

Ganesha Associates

Abstract: Although the importance of chemical communication in birds has long been overlooked or doubted, volatile compounds in avian preen secretions have been shown to covary with traits including species, sex and breeding condition, and thus may be useful mate recognition cues. Here we demonstrate for the first time that these compounds may reliably predict reproductive success in a North American songbird, the dark-eyed junco, Junco hyemalis. Several compounds associated with sex differences in this species varied with reproductive success, such that females with a more ‘female-like’ volatile profile and males with a more ‘male-like’ profile produced more genetic offspring. A male's preen oil volatile compounds also predicted his success in rearing offspring in his home nest: males with a higher abundance of ‘male-like’ compounds had more surviving nestlings, including offspring sired by extrapair males. Finally, males with a higher abundance of ‘female-like’ compounds had more extrapair offspring in their home nests. Our results suggest that odours correlate with reproductive success and thus have qualities that could allow them to serve as reliable mate assessment cues in birds.

Bird odour predicts reproductive success

18/10/2013

Ganesha Associates

Introduction: The previously described relationships between preen oil volatile compounds and individual variation, these compounds have the qualities required to serve as species recognition cues (they are highly divergent among species: Haribal et al., 2005 and Mardon et al., 2010) and as mate recognition cues (the concentration of these compounds differs between the sexes and with breeding condition: Soini et al., 2007, Whittaker et al., 2010 and Whittaker et al., 2011b). Mate assessment cues must advertise the sender's individual identity and quality, and be highly variable among individuals (Johansson & Jones 2007).

In the present study, we examined whether volatile compounds in preen gland secretions covary with individual quality and thus could serve as reliable mate assessment cues. Definitions of individual quality vary, but are generally based on phenotypic characters that correlate with fitness (Lailvaux & Kasumovic 2011), although some studies imply that quality and fitness are interchangeable (Wilson & Nussey 2010). In this study, we chose to test whether these potential cues correlated with reproductive success, defined as the number of surviving offspring produced.

We tested whether measurements of preen oil volatile compounds collected early in the breeding season predicted genetic and social reproductive success in the same season. Our study organism is the dark-eyed junco, Junco hyemalis, a songbird that has recently been the subject of avian chemical communication studies ( Soini et al., 2007, Whittaker et al., 2009, Whittaker et al., 2010, Whittaker et al., 2011a and Whittaker et al., 2011b).

For comparison, we also tested whether visual cues, including plumage traits and morphological measurements, could predict reproductive success in these birds, or whether chemical signals might be a more reliable predictor.


18/10/2013























Ganesha Associates

Introduction: The previously described relationships between preen oil volatile compounds and individual variation, these compounds have the qualities required to serve as species recognition cues.

In the present study, we examined whether volatile compounds in preen gland secretions covary with individual quality and thus could serve as reliable mate assessment cues.

We tested whether measurements of preen oil volatile compounds collected early in the breeding season predicted genetic and social reproductive success in the same season.

For comparison, we also tested whether visual cues, including plumage traits and morphological measurements, could predict reproductive success in these birds, or whether chemical signals might be a more reliable predictor.


18/10/2013

Ganesha Associates

Introduction: Chronic heart failure (CHF) is a complex syndrome caused by functional or structural cardiac abnormalities, leading to defects in ventricular filling/ejection. As a result, the heart is unable to adequately supply the blood demand of tissues.1,2

The main symptoms of CHF are dyspnea and fatigue,3,4 caused by a physiopathological interaction beyond the hemodynamic disorder itself.3-6 Research shows that the lungs, with the exception of possible pulmonary function damage, are not responsible for reduced functional capacity in patients with chronic heart failure (CHF). 4 Since hemodynamic and pulmonary limitations do not sufficiently explain the appearance of fatigue and dyspnea in CHF sufferers, several studies suggest that skeletal muscle abnormalities may contribute to these symptoms among subjects with CHF.6,7

Fatigue and dyspnea hamper performance in activities of daily living and exercise among patients with CHF.8 These symptoms are caused by skeletal muscle atrophy, lower percentages of type I fibers in relation to type II, a decline in oxidative enzymes with rapid depletion of glycolytic mechanisms, as well as a decrease in the size and number of mitochondria.9 In addition, respiratory muscle weakness may be involved in increased breathing effort during hyperpnea required to perform activities with greater energy expenditure.10

Inspiratory muscle dysfunction is characterized by a reduction in their ability to generate pressure and force. This decreased strength is the result of histological and biochemical changes. Based on diaphragm biopsies of individuals with CHF, histological studies recorded an increase in type I fibers, suggesting a compensatory mechanism for the ventilation overload of these muscles. 11 Moreover, weakness in these muscles can also be explained by the reduced diameter of muscular fibers, causing mechanical alterations.12 Clinically, this dysfunction may lead to limited exercise ability and diminished quality of life, as well as a less favorable prognosis among individuals affected.10

In an attempt to reduce respiratory muscle dysfunction in CHF sufferers, several investigations have demonstrated the effects of Inspiratory Muscle Training (IMT). 8,10,13

Inspiratory muscles, particularly the diaphragm, exhibit plasticity and are therefore susceptible to the principles of training.14 In accordance with the specificity of training, IMT improves respiratory function in daily activities with regard to the type of muscle recruitment pattern required during exercise or activities of daily living of patients. 15

A recent study by Chiappa et al 13, recorded a 72% increase in MIP among individuals who underwent IMT and suffered from CHF related to inspiratory muscle weakness, compared to patients not submitted to training. Using ultrasound testing, the investigation also found that IMT provoked notable diaphragmatic hypertrophy.

Another clinically significant aspect in CHF sufferers is the presence of cardiomegaly in some patients. In this condition expansion of the chest wall is limited and extrapulmonary restriction, caused by competition between the lungs and heart for space inside the chest, may occur. As the disease advances and worsens, in association with cardiomegaly, episodes of dyspnea become more frequent and severe with minimal effort and muscle fatigue sets in progressively sooner. 14-15

Thus, the present study aims to assess regional lung ventilation distribution in patients with CHF after completing an inspiratory muscle training program and correlate it with functional capacity and quality of life among these individuals.

REGIONAL LUNG VENTILATION DISTRIBUTION AMONG INDIVIDUALS WITH CHRONIC HEART FAILURE AFTER AN INSPIRATORY MUSCLE TRAINING

PROGRAME: A RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED CLINICAL TRIAL

18/10/2013

Ganesha Associates

Introduction: Chronic heart failure (CHF) is a complex syndrome caused by functional or structural cardiac abnormalities, leading to defects in ventricular filling/ejection.

The main symptoms of CHF are dyspnea and fatigue,3,4 caused by a physiopathological interaction beyond the hemodynamic disorder itself.3-

Fatigue and dyspnea hamper performance in activities of daily living and exercise among patients with CHF.8

Inspiratory muscle dysfunction is characterized by a reduction in their ability to generate pressure and force.

In an attempt to reduce respiratory muscle dysfunction in CHF sufferers, several investigations have demonstrated the effects of Inspiratory Muscle Training (IMT). 8,10,13

A recent study by Chiappa et al 13, recorded a 72% increase in MIP among individuals who underwent IMT and suffered from CHF related to inspiratory muscle weakness, compared to patients not submitted to training. Using ultrasound testing, the investigation also found that IMT provoked notable diaphragmatic hypertrophy.

Another clinically significant aspect in CHF sufferers is the presence of cardiomegaly in some patients.

Thus, the present study aims to assess regional lung ventilation distribution in patients with CHF after completing an inspiratory muscle training program and correlate it with functional capacity and quality of life among these individuals.



18/10/2013

Ganesha Associates



18/10/2013

Ganesha Associates

Pathophysiology: The main symptoms of chronic heart failure (CHF) are dyspnea and fatigue,3,4 Several studies suggest that skeletal muscle abnormalities may contribute to these symptoms.6,7 Diaphragm biopsies of individuals with CHF show an increase in type I fibers, suggesting a compensatory mechanism for the ventilation overload of these muscles. 11 Moreover, weakness in these muscles can also be explained by the reduced diameter of muscular fibers, causing mechanical alterations.12

Clinical presentation: Clinically, this dysfunction may lead to limited exercise ability and diminished quality of life, as well as a less favorable prognosis among individuals affected.10 Some CHF patients have cardiomegaly. Expansion of the chest wall is limited and extra-pulmonary restriction, caused by competition between the lungs and heart for space inside the chest, may occur. As the disease advances episodes of dyspnea become more frequent and muscle fatigue sets in progressively sooner.14-15

Current treatment: In an attempt to increase respiratory muscle function in CHF sufferers, several investigations have demonstrated the positive effects of Inspiratory Muscle Training (IMT). 8,10,13 IMT improves respiratory function in daily activities with regard to the type of muscle recruitment pattern required during exercise or activities of daily living of patients. 15 For example, a recent study by Chiappa et al 13, recorded a 72% increase in MIP in CHF patients who underwent IMT. Using ultrasound testing, the investigation also found that IMT provoked notable diaphragmatic hypertrophy.

Purpose of study: Here we show that IMT improved muscle strength, functional capacity and quality of life in CHS patients. We also analyzed the distribution behavior of lung volumes for the thoracoabdominal system in this population and found that larger abdominal rib cage and abdomen volumes may result in more effective diaphragmatic contraction.



18/10/2013

Ganesha Associates

Introduction: The main symptoms of chronic heart failure (CHF) are dyspnea and fatigue.

Clinically, this dysfunction may lead to limited exercise ability and diminished quality of life, as well as a less favourable prognosis among individuals affected.

In an attempt to increase respiratory muscle function in CHF sufferers, several investigations have demonstrated the positive effects of Inspiratory Muscle Training (IMT).

Here we show that IMT improved muscle strength, functional capacity and quality of life in CHS patients.

INSPIRATORY MUSCLE TRAINING IMPROVES REGIONAL LUNG VENTILATION DISTRIBUTION IN CHRONIC HEART FAILURE PATIENTS: A RANDOMIZED

CONTROLLED CLINICAL TRIAL

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Conclusions

• Hypothesis quality needs to improve• Authors can always make a better job of

presenting their findings• Always aim for an international journal, just

makes sure it is the right one• Structured Portuguese gives birth to structured

English

02/10/2013


Main opportunities for success - 2013

• Start with a well-defined hypothesis that has its foundations firmly rooted in the international literature.

• Have a clear message• Develop a well-structured writing style• Understand the publishing process• Choose the right journal at the beginning of

the project

02/10/2013

Good luck!

Experimental and observational types of research

Title Source title Year Cited byWhat people with aphasia want: Their goals according to the ICF

Aphasiology2011 30

Epigenotype-phenotype correlations in Silver-Russell syndrome

Journal of Medical Genetics2010 27

Formant centralization ratio: A proposal for a new acoustic measure of dysarthric speech

Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research2010 23

All-cause health care utilization and costs associated with newly diagnosed multiple sclerosis in the United States

Journal of Managed Care Pharmacy

2010 21Clinical and biological parameters in 166 boys, adolescents and adults with nonmosaic Klinefelter syndrome: A Copenhagen experience

Acta Paediatrica, International Journal of Paediatrics

2011 19Post-high school service use among young adults with an autism spectrum disorder

Archives of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine2011 19

Blind randomized controlled study of the effi cacy of cognitive training in Parkinson's disease

Movement Disorders2011 16

Anomia training and brain stimulation in chronic aphasia Neuropsychological Rehabilitation 2011 14The submucous cleft palate: Diagnosis and therapy International Journal of Pediatric Otorhinolaryngology 2011 14Treatment of velopharyngeal insuffi ciency by autologous fat injection

European Archives of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology2010 13

Speech therapy in patients with excessive supragastric belching - A pilot study

Neurogastroenterology and Motility2010 13

Exploratory randomized clinical study of pagoclone in persistent developmental stuttering

Journal of Clinical Psychopharmacology2010 12

Title Journal Year Cited byTermino-terminal hypoglossofacial anastomosis, indications, results [Anastomose hypoglosso-faciale termino-terminale. Indications. Résultats]

Revue de Laryngologie Otologie Rhinologie

2010 1Speech intelligibility in cerebral palsy children attending an art therapy program

Medical Science Monitor2010 1

Evaluating the feasibility and the potential effi cacy of e-learning-based speech therapy (EST) as a web application for speech training in dysarthric patients with Parkinson's Disease: A case study

Telemedicine and e-Health

2010 1Creativity and personality styles: An approach to creative profiles in university students [Creatividad y estilos de personalidad: Aproximación a un perfil creativo en estudiantes universitarios]

Anales de Psicologia

2010 1Psychogenic dysphonia associated to other diseases: A challenge for speech therapy [Disfonia psicogênica associada a outras doenças: Desafio para o tratamento fonoaudiológico]

Pro-Fono

2010 1Coordination between posture and phonation in vocal effort behavior

Folia Phoniatrica et Logopaedica2010 1

Speech and swallowing disorders in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: Literature review [Alterações da fonação e deglutição na esclerose lateral amiotrófica: Revisão de literatura]

Revista Neurociencias

2010 1

Journal of Voice

Voice problems of future speech-language pathologists.

The impact of phonation mode and vocal technique on vocal fold closure in young females with normal voice quality

Acoustic voice analysis of prelingually deaf adults before and after cochlear implantation.

Quantifying component parts of indirect and direct voice therapy related to different voice disorders.

Acoustic and electroglottographic analyses of nonpathological, nonmodal phonation.

The effect of experience on classification of voice quality.

The vocal clarity of female speech-language pathology students: an exploratory study.

Obstacles to communication in children with cri du chat syndrome.

Current and emerging concepts in muscle tension dysphonia: a 30-month review.

Journal of Applied Oral Science

2.1 Illustrations and Tables2.1.1 The illustrations (photographs, graphs, drawings, charts, etc.), regarded as figures, should be limited to the least amount possible and should be uploaded in separate files, consecutively numbered with Arabic numbers according to the order they appear in the text.2.1.2 Photographs should be sent in original colors and digitized in .jpg or tif formats with at least 10 cm width and at least 300 dpi. These illustrations should be provided in supplementary files and not inserted in the Word document.2.1.3 The corresponding legends for figures should be clear, concise and typed at the end of the manuscript as a separate list preceded by the corresponding number.2.1.4 The tables should be logically arranged, consecutively numbered with Arabic numbers. The legend shall be placed on the top of the tables. Tables should be open in the right and left laterals.2.1.5 Footnotes should be indicated by asterisks and restricted to the least amount possible.

Results section

A total of 60 direct speech sessions were completed during the 3 phases of the program. The assessment procedures described above were performed before and after the intensive speech therapy and bulb reduction program. As presented and described in Figure 7 all speech alterations present before the interventions were absent after the program (Figure 7).

http://www.scielo.br/img/revistas/jaos/v19n6/a23fig07.jpg

http://www.scielo.br/img/revistas/jaos/v19n6/a23fig07.jpg

Figure 7

Journal of Voice

• Legends to figures should be brief, specific, and explanatory. They should not unduly repeat information already given in the text

PLoS Medicine

Figure LegendsThe aim of the figure legend should be to describe the key messages of the figure, but the figure should also be discussed in the text. An enlarged version of the figure and its full legend will often be viewed in a separate window online, and it should be possible for a reader to understand the figure without switching back and forth between this window and the relevant parts of the text. Each legend should have a concise title of no more than 15 words. The legend itself should be succinct, while still explaining all symbols and abbreviations. Avoid lengthy descriptions of methods.

17 June 2013Ganesha Associates1 Competências Básicas de Investigação Científica e de Publicação Lecture 3: How publishing works and how to become a better.

Documents

arthroscopy impact factor

spine impact factor

ganesha associates12

joint surgery impact

reduced slide

important slide

journal scope

ganesha associates5