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17-1 Kinesiology for Manual Therapies Chapter 17 The Knee Joint McGraw-Hill McGraw-Hill © 2011 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved © 2011 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved
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17-1 Kinesiology for Manual Therapies Chapter 17 The Knee Joint McGraw-Hill © 2011 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.

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Page 1: 17-1 Kinesiology for Manual Therapies Chapter 17 The Knee Joint McGraw-Hill © 2011 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.

17-1

Kinesiology for Manual Therapies

Chapter 17

The Knee Joint

McGraw-Hill McGraw-Hill © 2011 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved© 2011 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved

Page 2: 17-1 Kinesiology for Manual Therapies Chapter 17 The Knee Joint McGraw-Hill © 2011 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.

17-2

Learning Outcomes

o 17-1 Define key terms.o 17-2 Identify on a human skeleton selected bony features of the knee joint.o 17-3 Describe the cartilaginous and ligamentous structures of the knee joint.

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Page 3: 17-1 Kinesiology for Manual Therapies Chapter 17 The Knee Joint McGraw-Hill © 2011 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.

17-3

Learning Outcomes (cont.)

17-4 Draw and label on a skeletal chart the muscles, including origins and insertions, and ligaments of the knee joint.

17-5 Palpate the superficial knee joint structures and muscles, including origins and insertions, on a partner.

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Page 4: 17-1 Kinesiology for Manual Therapies Chapter 17 The Knee Joint McGraw-Hill © 2011 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.

17-4

Learning Outcomes (cont.)

17-6 Demonstrate all the active and passive movements of the knee joint with a partner.

17-7 Name and explain the actions and importance of the quadriceps and hamstring muscles.

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Page 5: 17-1 Kinesiology for Manual Therapies Chapter 17 The Knee Joint McGraw-Hill © 2011 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.

17-5

Learning Outcomes (cont.)

17-8 List and organize the muscles that produce the movements of the knee joint and list their antagonists.

17-9 Practice flexibility and strengthening exercises for each muscle group.

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Page 6: 17-1 Kinesiology for Manual Therapies Chapter 17 The Knee Joint McGraw-Hill © 2011 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.

17-6

Introduction

The knee joint affects posture through the position of the hip joint. The knee joint is vulnerable to injuries. The bone’s structure is designed to provide mobility and weight bearing.

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Page 7: 17-1 Kinesiology for Manual Therapies Chapter 17 The Knee Joint McGraw-Hill © 2011 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.

17-7

Bones

The tops of the medial and lateral tibial condyles are known as the medial and lateral tibial plateaus. The tibia bears most of the body’s weight in the knee joint. The fibula serves for an attachment site for muscles and ligaments.

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Page 8: 17-1 Kinesiology for Manual Therapies Chapter 17 The Knee Joint McGraw-Hill © 2011 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.

17-8

Bones (cont.)

The patella is a sesamoid bone. Key bony landmarks include the tibial tuberosity, Gerdy’s tubercle, the medial and lateral femoral condyles, and the medial tibial condyle.

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Page 9: 17-1 Kinesiology for Manual Therapies Chapter 17 The Knee Joint McGraw-Hill © 2011 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.

17-9

Bones (cont.)

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Page 10: 17-1 Kinesiology for Manual Therapies Chapter 17 The Knee Joint McGraw-Hill © 2011 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.

17-10

Bones (cont.)

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Page 11: 17-1 Kinesiology for Manual Therapies Chapter 17 The Knee Joint McGraw-Hill © 2011 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.

17-11

Joints

The knee joint is the tibiofemoral joint and is classified as a ginglymus joint because it acts like a hinge performing flexion and extension. Ligaments provide stability for the knee joint and the medial and lateral menisci (cartilage) cushion the joint.

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Page 12: 17-1 Kinesiology for Manual Therapies Chapter 17 The Knee Joint McGraw-Hill © 2011 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.

17-12

Joints (cont.)

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Page 13: 17-1 Kinesiology for Manual Therapies Chapter 17 The Knee Joint McGraw-Hill © 2011 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.

17-13

Ligaments of the Knee Joint

The anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) and posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) are named because they cross within the knee between the tibia and femur. The ACL is often injured. The medial knee has the tibial medial collateral ligament (MCL)

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Page 14: 17-1 Kinesiology for Manual Therapies Chapter 17 The Knee Joint McGraw-Hill © 2011 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.

17-14

Ligaments of the Knee Joint (cont.)

The lateral side of the knee the fibular collateral ligament (LCL) joins the fibula to the femur. A plica is an anatomical variant among some individuals that may be irritated or inflamed with injuries or overuse of the knee. There are over 10 bursae in the knee.

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Page 15: 17-1 Kinesiology for Manual Therapies Chapter 17 The Knee Joint McGraw-Hill © 2011 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.

17-15

Movements

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Page 16: 17-1 Kinesiology for Manual Therapies Chapter 17 The Knee Joint McGraw-Hill © 2011 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.

17-16

Movements (cont.)

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Page 17: 17-1 Kinesiology for Manual Therapies Chapter 17 The Knee Joint McGraw-Hill © 2011 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.

17-17

Movements (cont.)

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Page 18: 17-1 Kinesiology for Manual Therapies Chapter 17 The Knee Joint McGraw-Hill © 2011 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.

17-18

Muscles

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Page 19: 17-1 Kinesiology for Manual Therapies Chapter 17 The Knee Joint McGraw-Hill © 2011 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.

17-19

Muscles (cont.)

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Page 20: 17-1 Kinesiology for Manual Therapies Chapter 17 The Knee Joint McGraw-Hill © 2011 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.

17-20

Muscles (cont.)

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Page 21: 17-1 Kinesiology for Manual Therapies Chapter 17 The Knee Joint McGraw-Hill © 2011 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.

17-21

Muscles (cont.)Q Angle

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Page 22: 17-1 Kinesiology for Manual Therapies Chapter 17 The Knee Joint McGraw-Hill © 2011 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.

17-22

Nerves

The femoral nerve innervates the knee extensors. The knee flexors are innervated by the tibial division of the sciatic nerve. The biceps femoris short head is supplied by the peroneal nerve.

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Page 23: 17-1 Kinesiology for Manual Therapies Chapter 17 The Knee Joint McGraw-Hill © 2011 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.

17-23

Individual Muscles of the Knee Joint – Anterior - Quadriceps

The quadriceps consist of the rectus femoris, the vastus lateralis, vastus intermedius, and the vastus medialis. They all attach to the patella by the patellar tendon to the tuberosity of the tibia.

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Page 24: 17-1 Kinesiology for Manual Therapies Chapter 17 The Knee Joint McGraw-Hill © 2011 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.

17-24

Individual Muscles of the Knee Joint (cont.) – Anterior – Rectus Femoris

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Page 25: 17-1 Kinesiology for Manual Therapies Chapter 17 The Knee Joint McGraw-Hill © 2011 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.

17-25

Individual Muscles of the Knee Joint (cont.) – Anterior – Rectus Femoris

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Page 26: 17-1 Kinesiology for Manual Therapies Chapter 17 The Knee Joint McGraw-Hill © 2011 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.

17-26

Individual Muscles of the Knee Joint (cont.) – Anterior – Vastus Lateralis

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Page 27: 17-1 Kinesiology for Manual Therapies Chapter 17 The Knee Joint McGraw-Hill © 2011 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.

17-27

Individual Muscles of the Knee Joint (cont.) – Anterior – Vastus Lateralis

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Page 28: 17-1 Kinesiology for Manual Therapies Chapter 17 The Knee Joint McGraw-Hill © 2011 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.

17-28

Individual Muscles of the Knee Joint (cont.) – Anterior – Vastus Intermedius

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Page 29: 17-1 Kinesiology for Manual Therapies Chapter 17 The Knee Joint McGraw-Hill © 2011 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.

17-29

Individual Muscles of the Knee Joint (cont.) – Anterior – Vastus Intermedius

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Page 30: 17-1 Kinesiology for Manual Therapies Chapter 17 The Knee Joint McGraw-Hill © 2011 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.

17-30

Individual Muscles of the Knee Joint (cont.) – Anterior – Vastus Medialis

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Page 31: 17-1 Kinesiology for Manual Therapies Chapter 17 The Knee Joint McGraw-Hill © 2011 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.

17-31

Individual Muscles of the Knee Joint (cont.) – Anterior – Vastus Medialis

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Page 32: 17-1 Kinesiology for Manual Therapies Chapter 17 The Knee Joint McGraw-Hill © 2011 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.

17-32

Individual Muscles of the Knee Joint – Posterior – Hamstrings

Semitendinosus

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Page 33: 17-1 Kinesiology for Manual Therapies Chapter 17 The Knee Joint McGraw-Hill © 2011 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.

17-33

Individual Muscles of the Knee Joint (cont.) – Posterior – Hamstrings

Semitendinosus

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Page 34: 17-1 Kinesiology for Manual Therapies Chapter 17 The Knee Joint McGraw-Hill © 2011 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.

17-34

Individual Muscles of the Knee Joint (cont.) – Posterior – Hamstrings

Semimembranosus

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Page 35: 17-1 Kinesiology for Manual Therapies Chapter 17 The Knee Joint McGraw-Hill © 2011 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.

17-35

Individual Muscles of the Knee Joint (cont.) – Posterior – Hamstrings

Semimembranosus

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Page 36: 17-1 Kinesiology for Manual Therapies Chapter 17 The Knee Joint McGraw-Hill © 2011 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.

17-36

Individual Muscles of the Knee Joint (cont.) – Posterior – Hamstrings

Biceps Femoris

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Page 37: 17-1 Kinesiology for Manual Therapies Chapter 17 The Knee Joint McGraw-Hill © 2011 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.

17-37

Individual Muscles of the Knee Joint (cont.) – Posterior – Hamstrings

Biceps Femoris

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Page 38: 17-1 Kinesiology for Manual Therapies Chapter 17 The Knee Joint McGraw-Hill © 2011 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.

17-38

Individual Muscles of the Knee Joint (cont.) – Posterior Popliteus

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Page 39: 17-1 Kinesiology for Manual Therapies Chapter 17 The Knee Joint McGraw-Hill © 2011 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.

17-39

Individual Muscles of the Knee Joint (cont.) – Posterior Popliteus

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Page 40: 17-1 Kinesiology for Manual Therapies Chapter 17 The Knee Joint McGraw-Hill © 2011 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.

17-40

Chapter Summary

The bones, joints, ligaments, movements, muscles, and nerves of the knee joint are explored in this chapter.

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Page 41: 17-1 Kinesiology for Manual Therapies Chapter 17 The Knee Joint McGraw-Hill © 2011 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.

17-41

Chapter Summary (cont.)

Individual muscles of the knee joint are reviewed in depth with regard to palpation, origin, insertion, action, and innervation. Each muscle includes information with clinical notes, muscle specifics, clinical flexibility and strengthening.

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Page 42: 17-1 Kinesiology for Manual Therapies Chapter 17 The Knee Joint McGraw-Hill © 2011 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.

17-42

Chapter Review

The Chapter Review is divided into true and false, short answers, and multiple choice questions.

The questions are designed for the students to test their knowledge.

Worksheets are at the end of the text as an aid for learning.

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Page 43: 17-1 Kinesiology for Manual Therapies Chapter 17 The Knee Joint McGraw-Hill © 2011 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.

17-43

Explore and Practice

Students should utilize the questions and charts at the end of the chapter to help focus on the content of the chapter.

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