16 Tenses in English(3)

8/12/2019 16 Tenses in English(3)

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16 Tenses In English

CHAPTER I

PRESENT CONTINUOUS TENSE

1.1 THE USE OF PRESENT CONTINOUS TENSE

We use The Present Continuous Tensewhen we talk about something whih

is ha!!ening at the time o" s!eaking.

Example : Please #on$t make so muh noise. I$m stu#%ing.

We also use The Present Continuous Tense when we talk about something

whih is ha!!ening a&oun# the time o" s!eaking' but not neessa&il% e(atl% at

the time o" s!eaking.

Example : Silvia is learning English at the moment.

We often use the Present Continuouswhen we talk about a !e&io# a&oun# the

!&esent.

Example :Youre working hard today. Yes, I have a lot of to do

We use the present continuouswhen we talk about the hanging situation.Example : he population without !o"s is in#reasing very fast.

$.%. &E '()E*+S - IE /SE(

he adver"s of time used in 0resent 1ontinous tense are 23W, *I4& 3W,

**W,E1

$.5. THE PATTERN OF PRESENT CONTINOUS TENSE

he patterns of 0resent #ontinous tense #onsist of :

$.5.'. 0ositive 0attern

S 6 am7is7are 6 )er" 899999999999999999.3ow

S 6 sedang 6 899999999999999..sekarang

Examples :$. I am studying English now.

%. We are going to akarta tomorrow ;akan. hey are playing foot"all in the field now.

?. om and 'ni are doing their homework tomorrow.

@. he students are doing sport now.

$.5." he 3egative 0attern

S 6 am7is7are 6 3ot 6 )er" 899999999999999 3ow

S 6 tidak sedang 6 8 99999999999999.sekarang Example :

$. I am not studying now

%. &e is not sleeping now5. y father is not wat#hing television now.

8. we arent going to akarta omorrow.

$.5.#. he Interrogative 0attern

'm7Is7're 6 S 6 )er" 89999999999999999..3owA

'pakah 6 S 6 sedang 6 89999999999sekarang A

Examples :$. 're you studying English now A Yes, I am7 3o, I am not

%. Is he eating fried ri#e nowA Yes, he is7 3o, he isnt

5. Is your father working in the offi#e nowA Yes, &e is73o, &e isnt

$.5.d. BuestionCword 0attern

BW 6 'm7Is7're 6 S 6 )er" 89999999999999...3owA

BW 6 yang 6 S 6 899999999999999..sekarangA

Examples :

$. what are you doing now A studying

%. Where is he studying English now A at s#hool

EDE*1ISE I : ranslate these senten#es into English.

$. a#k sedang tidur sekarang%. ary sedang menger!akan tugas itu

5. ami sedang menonton se"uah film di televisi

8. ereka sedang "ermain "ola di halaman sekarang=. 4uru itu sedang menerangkan pela!aran itu.

>. 0erusahaan itu sedang tum"uh dengan pesat sekarang.

?. &arga saham di "ursa Efek akarta sedang naik sekarang

@. 0ak 'di sedang menga!ar "ahasa Inggris di kampus sekarangF. 0olisi terse"ut sedang men#ari 'li sekarang.

$G. 'na, 'ni, dan om sedang "erdiskusi sekarang.

ANDI ASRIFAN 2


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EDE*1ISE % : 1hange the following senten#es into ;6. What is your mother doing nowA

?. What is your "rother doing nowA

EDE*1ISE = : Write senten#es "y using the following ver"s

Writing, speaking, sewing, growing, dis#ussing, doing, hunting, eating,drinking, dan#ing, singing, making, "uilding, tea#hing, explaining,

talking, wat#hing, shopping, sleeping, typing, driving, riding, training,

working

ANDI ASRIFAN 3


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CHAPTER )

PAST TENSE

%.$. he /se of Simple 0ast ense

We use the past simpleto talk a"out ations o& situations in the !ast.

%.%. he 'dver"s of time used

he adver"s of time used in this tense are Yesterday, last9.., a week ago, this

morning , last night, yesterday morning, yesterweek, yestermonth, yesteryear,

et#.

%.5. he 0atterns of Simple 0ast ense

%.5.$. he 0ositive 0attern

S 6 )er" %99999999999999999999 Yesterday

S 6 %9999999999999999999..

Examples :$. ohn saw a #ro#odile in the river yesterday.

%. We studied English here last week.

5. hey played foot"all in the field yesteryear

%.5.%. he 3egative 0attern

S 6 didnt 6 )er" $99999999999999 99..Yesterday

S 6 tidak 6 $9999999999999kemarin

Examples :

$. ohn didnt see a #ro#odile in the river yesterday.

%. We didnt study here last week.5. hey didnt play foot"all in the field yesteryear.

%.5.5. he Interrogative 0attern

(id 6 S 6 )er" $99999999999999999..YesterdayA

'pakah 6 S 6 $9999999999999999kemarinA

Examples:$. (id ohn see a #ro#odile in the river yesterday A Yes, he did73o, he

didnt

%. (id you study here last week A Yes, we did7 3o, we didnt

ANDI ASRIFAN 4


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5. (id they play foot"all in the field yesteryearA Yes, they did73o, they

didnt

%.5.8. he BuestionCword 0attern

BW 6 did 6 S 6 )er" $999999999999.999YesterdayA

Bw 6 yang 6 S 6 $99999999999999.A

Examples:

$. What did ohn see in the river yesterday A a #ro#odile

%. When did ohn see a #ro#odile in the riverA yesterday

BW 6 )er" %999999999999.999YesterdayA S 6 did

BW 6 %99999999999..AExamples :

$. Who saw a #ro#odile in the river yesterday A ohn did

%. What grew in the ri#eCfield last yearA ' #o#onut tree did

EDE*1ISE I : ranslate these senten#es into English J

$. ami men!ual mo"il kami kemarin%. 'pakah kamu pergi ke luar tadi malam A

5. (ia tidak datang ke pesta itu minggu lalu

8. 'pakah kamu tidur nyenyak tadi malam A

=. ami men!ual rumah kami di akarta tahun lalu.>. ana!er pemasaran terse"ut melakukan penelitian minggu lalu.

?. 'pakah perusahaan anda men!ual kursi tahun lalu A Ya.

@. apan anda men!alankan usaha anda di akarta A tahun laluF. Siapa yang mem"uat kue itu kemarin A i"u saya.

$G. 'pa yang !atuh di !alan kemarin A as saya.

EDE*1ISE II. 1hange the following senten#es into ;6


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*. PRESENT FUTURE TENSE

We often use willin this situation:

Offering to do something:

e.g. hat "ag looks heavy. Ill help with it.

Agreeing and refusing to do something+

e.g. Ive asked !ohn to help me "ut he wont

Promising to do something.

e.g. I will #ome to your house tonight. I promise.

Asking someone to do something.

Will you #lose the window, pleaseJhe pattern :

S 6 will7shall 6 )er" $99999999999999 omorrow

S 6 wont7shant 6 )er" $99999999 9999 omorrow

Will7Shall 6 S 6 )er" $9999999999999.. omorrowA

BW 6 will7shall 6 S 6 )er" $99999999.999omorrowA

We often use will to be going to when we say what we have already de#ided to do,what we intend to do in the future.

e.g. ':heres a film on television tonight. A&eyou going towat#h itA

+: 3o, I am too tired. I am going tohave an early night.

he pattern :

S 6 am7is7are 6 going to 6 )er" $99999999999999

S 6am7is7are 6 not 6 going to 6 )er" $99999999 9999

'm7is7are 6 S 6 going to 6 )er" $9999999999999.. .A

BW 6 am7is7are 6 S 6 going to 6 ver" $99999999999 ..A

ANDI ASRIFAN 6


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,. PRESENT TENSE

0resent ense is used to talk a"out something in general. 'nd it is also used to talk

about something whih is ha!!ene# &e!eate#l% o& habitually activities.

e.g. 6 he earth goes round the sun

C he earth doesnt go round the sun

A (oes the earth go round the sun A

6 I get up at @ o#lo#k every morning

C I dont get up at @ o#lo#k every morning

A (o you get up at @ o#lo#k very morningA

he pattern :

S 6 )er" $ ;s7es


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-. PAST CONTINUOUS TENSE

We use past continuous Tense to say that someone was in the middle of doingsomething at a certain time. The action or situation had already started before this

time but hadnt finished:

his time last year I was living in +raKil

We often use the past continuous Tense and the past simple together to say that

something happened in the middleof something else:

When I was working in the garden, I hurt my "a#k.

he pattern :

S 6 was7were 6 ver" 89999999.When 6 s 6 )er" %99.99

S 6 was7were 6 not 6 )er" 899999.When 6 s 6 )er" %9999

Was7were 6 S 6 ver" 89999999. When 6 s 6 )er" % 99. 9.A

BW 6 was7were 6 S 6 ver" 899999When 6 s 6 )er" % 9999A

e.g. 6 She was #ooking ri#e when om #ame yesterday

C She wasnt #ooking ri#e when om #ame yesterday

A Was she #ooking ri#e when om #ame yesterday A

ANDI ASRIFAN 8


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. PRESENT PERFECT TENSE

We often use the present perfe#t ense to gi/e new in"o&mation o& to announe&eent ha!!ening+

e.g. (o you know a"out ary A Shes gone to akarta.

We #an use the 0resent 0erfe#t ense with al&ea#% to say that something hasha!!ene# soone& than e(!ete# +

e.g. (ont forget to post this letter, will youA Ive al&ea#%posted it.

We #an use the 0resent 0erfe#t ense with0ust;L a short time ago. She is L Shes

?. It is L Its

@. Will not L wont

F. Would not L Wouldnt

$G. (o not L (ont

$$. (oes not L (oesnt

$%. (id not L (idnt

$5. Is not L Isnt

$8. 're not L 'rent

$=. Was not L Wasnt

$>. Were not L Werent$?. &ave not L &avent

$@. &as not L &asnt

$F. &ad not L &adnt

%G. 1an not L 1ant

%$. 1ould not L 1ouldnt

%%. ust not L ustnt

%5. Should not L Shouldnt

%8. ight not L ightnt

%=. ay not L aynt

ANDI ASRIFAN 20


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15. PASSI:E :OICE 8IN POSITI:E FOR;9

0en!elasan:

$. alimat pasif ialah suatu kalimat yang su"!eknya dikenai oleh suatu per"uatan

atau yang predikatnya "erawalan di97 ter9

%. ata ker!a yang digunakan harus kata ker!a transitive, yaitu kata ker!a yang

"isa diikuti oleh suatu o"!ek atau "enda.

5. *umus kalimat pasif dalam "ahasa inggris adalah se"agai "erikut:

S 6 o "e 6 )59999999999999"y9

8. o "e "erfungsi untuk menentukan enses dari suatu kalimat dan untukmem"entuk awalan : di9.atau: ter9

=. o "e dapat di!a"arkan dalam $> enses ;lihatlah $> enses pada rumus

kalimat aktif. 0ast -uture 0erfe#t 1ontinuous ense: S 6 would have "een 6 "eing 6 )59

0en!elasan :

$. ata ker!a yang dipakai dalam kalimat pasif ialah )5 ;"ukan )$, )%, )8.

8. +eing dalam kalimat pasif menun!ukan: 1ontinuous.

ANDI ASRIFAN 22


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16. PASSI:E < :OICE IN NE=ATI:E FOR;

$. 0resent -uture ense

L S tak akan di9999999

Example : Engkau tak akan dimarahi olehnya.

%. 0resent -uture 1ontinuous ense

L S tidak sedang akan di999.

Example : *apat tidak sedang akan dimulai oleh mereka pukul F "esok pagi.

5. 0resent -uture 0erfe#t ense

L S "elum akan di9999

Example : 3asi "elum akan dimasak olehnya sore ini

8. 0resent -uture 0erfe#t 1ontinuous ense

Example : *umah itu "elum lagi akan disita oleh +ank pada akhir tahun ini.

=. Simple 0resent ense

Example : 0enga#auCpenga#au itu tidak dikenakan hukuman oleh &akim.

>. 0resent 1ontinuous ense

Example : o"il saya tidak sedang direparasi sekarang

?. 0resent 0erfe#t ense

Example : Saya "elum dia!ak dalam per#akapan "ahasa Inggris oleh kawanC

kawan saya.

ANDI ASRIFAN 23

S 6 Wont "e 6 )5999.;"y him


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@. 0resent 0erfe#t 1ontinuous ense

Example : orupsi masih "elum di"erantas oleh pemerintah se!ak "ertahunCtahun

yang lalu.

F. 0ast 0erfe#t ense

Example : omy "elum dituduh se"agai penghianat, se"elum aksa 'gung

ter"unuh.

$G. 0ast 0erfe#t 1ontinuous ense

Example : +u#hary masih "elum di#alonkan Walikota, ketika otonomidilimpahkan keCpropinsi.

$$. Simple 0ast ense

Example : indakan keras tidak dilakukan oleh pemerintah terhadap para

koruptor.

$%. 0ast 1ontinuous ense

Example : 0asien tidak sedang dioperasi ketika ia meninggal kemarin.

3o. $5 s7d 3o. $>, hanya menam"ahkan kata Not, pada kata "antu yang pertama.

Nihat pada $> enses kalimat pasip "entuk "erita.

Note : eterangan pelaku ;"y me, "y us, "y him, dst< dan keterangan waktu, "isadipakai "ila diperlukan. ergantung kepada : kondisi dan situasi dari tiap

kalimat yang diu#apkan.

ANDI ASRIFAN 24

S 6 ;hasnt7havent< 6 "een 6 "eing 6 )59"y9..

S 6 hadnt "een 6 )59"y9..

S 6 hadnt "een 6 "eing 6 )59;"y999.. 0resent 1ontinuous ense

L Yes73o,999999...

Example : 'pakah penariCpenari itu sedang di!emput sekarang A

Where 6 99999999. A L 't the airport.

?. 0resent 0erfe#t ense

L Yes73o,999999...

Example : Sudahkah tiketCtiket itu di"eli olehmu A

&ow many ti#kets 6 999.. A L = ti#kets

@. 0resent 0erfe#t 1ontinuous ense

L Yes73o,999999

Example : 'pakah +udi tengah diopname di rumah sakit A

&ow long 6 9999999. A L -or 5 days.

F. 0ast 0erfe#t ense

L Yes73o,999999

Example : 'pakah perampokCperampok itu sudah tertem"ak dikakinya se"elummereka menyerahkan diri A

Who 6 9999999 A L he ro""ers.

$G. 0ast 0erfe#t 1ontinuous ense

L Yes73o,999999

Example : 'pakah ia tengah diper"antukan se"elum kepada (epartemen

0endidikan se"elum ia men!adi enteri A

&ow long 6 9999999. A L ore than 5 year.

$$. Simple 0ast ense

L Yes73o,999999

Example : 'pakah masalah omy di"i#arakan di (0* A

What 6 999999999. A L omys pro"lem.

ANDI ASRIFAN 26

;'m7Is7're < 6 S 6 "eing 6 )5999. A

;&as7&ave< 6 S 6 "een 6 )5 9999 A

;&as7&ave< 6 S 6 "een 6 "eing 6 )5999. A

&ad 6 S 6 "een 6 )5999. A

&ad 6 S 6 "een 6 "eing 6 )599999. A

;Were7Was< 6 S 6 )5 9999. A


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$%. 0ast 1ontinuous ense

L Yes73o,999999

Example : 'pakah proyek perumahan sedang diren#anakan di kota ini ketika saya

ada di luar negeri tahun lalu A

+y whom 6 9999999 A L +y the mayor.

$5. 0ast -uture ense : &anya mengu"ah : Will dengan Would dan keterangan

waktu

$8. 0ast -uture 1ontinuous ense : sama di atas ;kalimat dikarang sendiri

5?

5@

5F

8G

8$

8%

85

88

8=

8>

8?

8@8F

=G

=$

=%

=5

=8

==

=>

=?

=@

=F

>G

>$

to arrange

to plan

to make

to "uild

to "urry

to s#old

to re"uke

to "ri"e

to atta#k

to defend

to enfor#e

to learn

to study

to #opy

to #ompose

to review

to interview

to repair

to know

to understandto take

to eat

to drink

to su"stitute

to su##eed

to devide

to nominate

to #ook

to re#eive

to "elieve

to agree

to disagree

to propose

arranged

planned

made

"uit

"urried

s#olded

re"uked

"ri"ed

atta#ked

defended

enfor#ed

learnt

studied

#opied

#omposed

reviewed

intervived

repaired

knew

understoodtook

ate

drank

Pd

Ped

Pd

Pd

Ped

Pd

Pd

Pd

Pd

Pd

Ped

Pned

made

"uilt

"urried

Ped

Pd

Pd

Ped

Ped

Pd

learnt

studied

#opied

Pd

Ped

Ped

Ped

known

understoodtaken

eaten

drunk

Pd

Pd

Pd

Pd

Ped

Pd

Pd

Pd

Pd

Pd

arranging

Ping

making

Ping

Ping

Ping

re"uking

"ri"ing

Ping

Ping

enfor#ing

Ping

Ping

Ping

#omposing

Ping

Ping

Ping

Ping

Pingtaking

Ping

Ping

su"tituting

Ping

dividing

nominating

Ping

re#eiving

"elieving

Ping

Ping

proposing

menyusun, mengatur, meren#anakan

meren#anakan

mem"uat, menye"a"kan

mem"angun, mendirikan

mengu"urkan

memarahi

memarahi

menyuap, menyogok

menyerang

mempertahankan

memaksa, mem"erlakukan

"ela!ar

mempela!ari

menyalin

menyusun, mengarang

mengulang kem"ali

mewawan#arai

mereparasi

mengetahui, tahu, kenal

mengertimengam"il, mengantarkan

makan

minum

mengganti

"erhasil, menggantikan

mem"agi

men#alonkan

memasak

menerima

per#aya

setu!u

tidak setu!u

mengusulkan

ANDI ASRIFAN 34


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>%

>5

>8

>=

>>

>?

>@

>F

?G

?$

?%

?5

?8

?=

?>

??

?@

?F

@G

@$@%

@5

@8

@=

@>

@?

@@

@F

FG

F$

F%

F5

F8

to oppose

to predi#t

to let

to put

to #ut

to #ontinue

to draw

to think

to express

to prove

to remem"er

to remind

to warn

to memoriKe

to forget

to admire

to praise

to insult

to su"mit

to reportto open

to shut

to #lose

to mark

to weigh

to measure

to evaluate

to taste

to hold

to tou#h

to tea#h

to return

to reply

Pd

Ped

Ped

Ped

Ped

Pd

drew

thought

Ped

Pd

Ped

Ped

Ped

Pd

forgot

Pd

Pd

Ped

Pted

PedPed

Ped

Pd

Ped

Ped

Pd

Pd

Pd

held

Ped

taught

Ped

replied

Pd

Ped

Ped

Ped

Ped

Pd

drawn

thought

Ped

Pd

Ped

Ped

Ped

Pd

forgotten

Pd

Pd

Ped

Pted

PedPed

Ped

Pd

Ped

Ped

Pd

Pd

Pd

held

Ped

taught

Ped

replied

opposing

Ping

Pting

Pting

Pting

Ping

Ping

Ping

Ping

proving

Ping

Ping

Ping

memoriKing

Pting

admiring

praising

Ping

Pting

PingPing

Pting

#losing

Ping

Ping

measuring

evaluating

tasting

Ping

Ping

Ping

Ping

Ping

menentang, melawan

meramalkan

mem"iarkan, mengi!inkan

meletakkan

memotong

meneruskan, melan!utkan

menggam"ar, menarik

"erpikir, "erpendapat

menyatakan, mengutarakan

mem"uktikan

ingat

mengingatkan

memperingatkan

mengingatCingat, menghafal

melupakan

mengagumi, memu!i

memu!i

menghina

menyerahkan

melaporkanmem"uka

menutup

menutup

manandai, mem"eri tanda

menim"ang

mengukur

mengevaluasi

men#i#ipi, merasa ;dengan lidah

16 Tenses in English(3)

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