156693582 VSL Catalogue

T C

VSL Post-Tensioning Systemshave been used commonlythroughout the world since 1956.They are technically mature andhave earned a reputation forquality and reliability. Today,VSL is a recognized leader inpost-tensioning and relatedengineering.

VSL Post-Tensioning is used invirtually every area of concreteconstruction. While usedprimarily in bridges andbuildings, the system is alsoemployed for the construction ofconcrete containment structures,anchoring in rock and soil,structural strengthening andrepair, lifting and sliding of heavyloads, and many otherapplications.

Harbour Front, Hong Kong

Tsing Ma and Kap Shui Mun Bridges, Hong Kong

Bank of China, Hong Kong

The VSL technology is basedon the principle of post-tensioning. The prestress ispermanently introduced intothe structure after theconcrete has hardened. Thisis achieved by the stressingof suitably arranged, high-strength prestressingtendons. VSL Post-Tensioning generatesfavorable stress conditions inthe structure, enablingefficient use of buildingmaterials while controllingdeformations under serviceconditions.

This publication comprises asummary of the VSL Post-Tensioning Systems and containsimportant information of designand construction. The dimensions

Gateway I, Hong Kong

Rambler Channel Bridge, Hong Kong

T H E C O M P A N Y

Bee-Do Bridge, South Korea

Koshiki Daimyojin Bridge, Japan

strengths may all be accommodated.Your local VSL Representative willfurnish additional details regardingspecific applications.

As a subsidiary of VSLInternational of Switzerland and amember of BOUYGUES S.A. ofFrance, VSL is part of a majorinternational construction groupwith a combined workforce of over80,000. VSL International Ltd.further divides its subsidiaries andlicensees into five Operating Units(OU's). Operating Unit 1 coversSouth East Asia with the regionaloffice in Australia. Operating Unit 2covers North East Asia with theregional office in Hong Kong.Operating Unit 3 covers the UnitedStates with the regional office

With offices throughout the world,VSL offers a comprehensiverange of professional services forany post-tensioning project.These locally based servicesinclude feasibility studies,structural design assistance,contractor consulting and fieldinstallation, all aimed at findingthe best solution and insuring thebest value for money.

The scope of VSL's value-addedservices is tailored to suit clientneeds.

As a technical leader in the post-tensioning industry, VSL workscontinuously, through its qualityassurance program, to refine,improve, and expand the scope ofits systems and services.Subscribing to the philosophy thatwhat is good today may alwaysbe made better for tomorrow, VSLhas always attracted the mosttalented and motivated people, allwith one goal: to be your mostvalued construction partner.

in Raleigh. Operating Unit 4.5covers Europe, Middle East, Africaand South America, with theregional office in France. Thisarrangement gives VSL continuousaccess to the latest construction

technologiesemployed throughoutthe world. Our localbased offices allowVSL to be close toour clients and offerour constructionsolutions effectively.

and strengths indicated aresubject to change as VSLcontinuously improves its systems.Additional tendon sizes are availableupon request. Alternate dimensions,special conditions and various

M U L T I S T R A N D P O S T - T E N S I O N I N G

VSL Multistrand System Components

Grout tube

Stressing anchorage

Grout tube Grout tube Grout tube Grout tube

Dead end anchorage

The VSL multistrand system is characterized by thefollowing features:

standardized tendon units with up to 55 strands of13mm (0.5") or 15 mm (0.6") diameter;

wide selection of anchorage types; ducts of steel or plastic PT-PLUS; grouting with cement mortar or other materials; economical tendon manufacture on-site or in thefactory;

no need to determine tendon length in advance; simultaneous stressing of all strands in a tendonbut individual locking of each strand at theanchorage;

stressing in any number of steps; simple and reliable equipment for installation,stressing and grouting.

ASTM A416Grade 270

15.21401.1

16701860260.7

ASTM A416Grade 270

12.798.70.77516701860183.7

EN138 orBS 5896 Super

12.9100

0.78515801860186

cicra 195max 2.5

mmmmkg/mMPaMPakNGPa%

Strand type

Nominal diameterNominal areaNominal massYield strengthTensile strengthMin. breaking loadYoung's modulusRelaxation

Tendonunit

5-4

5-7

5-12

5-19

5-22

5-27

5-31

5-37

5-42

5-48

5-55

No. ofstrands

2345678910111213141516171819202122232425262728293031323334353637383940414243444546474849505152535455

Min.(mm)

36/39

51/54

60/67

75/82

80/87

95/102

95/102

110/117

120/127

130/137

130/137

Duct ID/OD

12.7

367551735919110212861470165318372021220423882572275629393123330734903674385840414225440945934776496051445327551156955878606262466430661367976981716473487532771578998083826784508634881890019185936995529736992010104

Min. Breaking load(kN)

STRAND TYPE 13 mm (0.5")

Nominal(mm)

36/39

51/54

65/72

80/87

95/102

100/107

100/107

110/117

120/127

130/137

135/142

Tendonunit

6-3

6-7

6-12

6-19

6-22

6-27

6-31

6-37

6-42

6-48

6-55

No. ofstrands

2345678910111213141516171819202122232425262728293031323334353637383940414243444546474849505152535455

Min.(mm)

36/39

55/62

75/82

90/97

100/107

110/117

120/127

130/137

135/142

150/160

160/170

Duct ID/OD

15.7

5307951060132515901855212023852650291531803445371039754240450547705035530055655830609563606625689071557420768579508215848087459010927595409805100701033510600108651113011395116601192512190124551272012985132501351513780140451431014575

15.2

521782104313041564182520862346260728683128338936503911417144324693495352145475573559966257651867787039730075607821808283428603886491259385964699071016710428106891094911210114711173211992122531251412774130351329613556138171407814339

Min. Breaking load(kN)

STRAND TYPE 15 mm (0.6")

Nominal(mm)

36/39

65/72

80/87

100/107

100/107

110/117

120/127

130/137

135/142

160/170

170/180

Strand Properties

1) 2) 1) 2)

3)

4) 4)


15.71501.1815001770265

13 mm (0.5") 15 mm (0.6")

2


Tendon Properties

12.9

3725587449301116130214881674186020462232241826042790297631623348353437203906409242784464465048365022520853945580576659526138632465106696688270687254744076267812799881848370855687428928911493009486967298581004410230

1) Measured at 0.1% residual strain (0.1% offset method)2) Measured at 1% extension (1% extension under load method)3) After 1000 hrs at 20 C (EN & BS, low relaxation to ASTM)

4) Corrugated plastic PT-Plus ducts are also available, refer to page 11

Dimensions

Subject to modification

G

9512515020023025025030532536540095125150200250250305325365400

FExt. Dia.

3954728710210710711712713714239547287107107117127137142

E

58851201451501751752002172352505885120145175175200217235250

D

100100160210215300300320340340340100100160210300300320340340340

C

8511015018020022023025029029032090110150180220230250270300320

B

6060607077921001071121221506060607592100112122142145

A

135165215265290315315370390430465135165215265315315370390430465

5-45-75-125-195-225-275-315-375-425-485-556-36-46-76-126-196-226-276-316-376-42

Tendon unit

Dimensions in mmDimensions are valid for:Nominal concrete strength at 28 days: 35 MPa (cube), 28 MPa (cylinder).Maximum prestressing force may be applied when concrete reaches 25 MPa (cube) or 20 MPa (cylinder).Max prestressing force is 75% of min. tendon breaking load (temporary overstressing to 80%).

Grout connection

Anchor block

Wedges

Strands

Casting

Duct

B D


Stressing Anchorage VSL Type EC

A C F E

G

A

A

D458585110150180200220230250290290320559090120135180220230250270300320340360

5-15-35-45-75-125-195-225-275-315-375-425-485-556-16-26-36-46-76-126-196-226-276-316-376-426-486-55

A

7011513017523029031537037040550050050075110135160205270340370435435480580580580

B

152020253540455555607070701515202535405055656570909090

C

456060606075829710511211712715560606060707897107117127147147147187

E

7019019019037047048055055057068068068070190190190290460590690690690830950950950

FExt. Dia.

363639547287102107107117127137142363639547287107107117127137160160170

Tendon unit

Dimensions

Subject to modificationDimensions in mmDimensions are valid for:Nominal concrete strength at 28 days: 35 MPa (cube), 28 MPa (cylinder).Maximum prestressing force may be applied when concrete reaches 25 MPa (cube) or 20 MPa (cylinder).Max prestressing force is 75% of min. tendon breaking load (temporary overstressing to 80%).

Bearing plate (steel)


Stressing Anchorage VSL Type E

Sleeve

Duct

Grout tube

Anchor block

Strands

Wedges

A D

C B E

F

A

A

Duct

Casting type EC or

Bearing plate type E

Grout tube

Omega ring

Compression

fittings

Wedges

Tension ring

Sleeve

Coupling

block K

Compression fittings with

retainer plates

Coupling block V

Coupler type K

5-3

5-7

5-12

5-19

5-22

5-31

6-2

6-3

6-4

6-7

6-12

6-19

D

290

410

510

600

690

1000

230

330

360

470

570

700

E

175

175

175

175

175

175

200

205

205

205

205

205

F

230

330

420

490

570

870

185

250

280

370

460

570

G

130

170

200

240

260

350

130

150

160

190

240

280

Tendonunit

Coupler type V


C130150170200240260310350390395420490150150160200240280310330350440

B110110110110110110110110150150150170128128128128128128128138150170

A43044044051059066086010101080108013701370380490520630730860930109010901390

Tendon unit5-35-45-75-125-195-225-275-315-375-425-485-556-26-36-46-76-126-196-226-276-316-37


Couplers Type KFixed coupler.

For coupling to a tendon which has been placed and stressed.

Couplers Type VMovable coupler.

For coupling to a tendon which has already been placed,

but not stressed.

Cast-in casting

type EC

DL=Elongation of tendon 1Tendon 1Tendon 2


Tension ring

Sleeve

A

B

E+1.5DDL

F

Dead End Anchorage VSL Type H

B

707017070190190270190390190390310430310550350550350430670

Type

IIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIII

Alter-native

11212121212121212123

Tendonunit5-35-4

5-7

5-12

5-19

5-22

5-31

5-37

5-42

5-55

A

2303101503701703503104703105703906704707704708705701170870570

C

93093093011301130113011301130113011301130133013301530153015301530183018301830

D

---

128012801280

-1280128012801280148014801680168016801680198019801980

B

909021090230230330230470230490260510370510370510650370510790

Type

IIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIII

Alter-native

112121212121212123123

Tendonunit6-36-4

6-7

6-12

6-19

6-22

6-31

6-37

6-42

6-55

A

2903901904502104303905703906904708105701050690105081069014101050690

C

950950950115011501150115011501150115011501550155018501850185018501850215021502150

D

---

133013301330

-133013301330133017001700200020002000020002000230023002300

Strand type 15 mm (0.6")



A x B

Bulbs

Grout tube

Duct

Tension ring

Seal

Spacer

Strand type 13 mm (0.5")


Type IType II

DC

Tendon 2

Intermediate Anchorage VSL Type Z and ZU

Intermediate Anchorage Type Z Intermediate Anchorage Type ZUCentre-stressing anchorages are used for ring tendons in circular structures, or for those tendons where the ends cannot be fitted

with normal stressing anchorages.

F

400500700100013001450

4509001000135014501500

C

8090130140180200

90100140160200250

5-25-45-65-125-185-22

6-26-46-66-126-186-22

Intermediate anchorage type Z

Tendonunit

B

607090140160160

7080100160180180

D

60658590110120

657090100120145

G

560720990149019102110

62011801400196022802380

H

170200240320360390

180210250340420440

A

130160200280320350

140170210300380400

Dimensions in mm1) Tension ring only on side 22) Dependent upon the shape of the concrete surface.

The values stated apply for surfaces which are not curved.

F

450560650

450560650

C

808895

9092100

5-25-45-6

6-26-46-6

Intermediate anchorage type Z

Tendonunit B

103103113

105105120

D

606570

656575

G

655815925

655815925

H

200200220

210210240

A

165165185

170170200


1)

1)

1)

1)

2) 2) 2) 2)

1)

1)

1)

1)

Tendon 1

Stressing jack

Curved stressing chair

D L = Elongation of tendon 2

E = + required coverC

2

Tendon 2G + D L

Tendon 1

Retainer plate

Grout tube

Wedges

Anchor block Z

Anchor block ZU

Wedges


Duct

Tension ring with anchors

F + D L

G + D L

B

F + D L B

Minimum Radii of Tendon Curvatures and Minimum Tangent Length

Minimum breaking load of tendon (MN)

Minimum radius of

tendon curvature

Minimum tangent length


Selected Design Considerations

Spacing and Cover of DuctsIn determining minimum spacing and concrete coverrequirements, reference should be made toapplicable standards and recommendations.

-(a +kx)= Po e , where= Distance from stressing end (in meters)= Prestressing force at x= Prestressing force at stressing end= Coefficient of friction= sum of all angular deviations (in radians)

over the distance x= Wobble friction coefficient due to minor

unavoidable tendon curvatures(placing tolerances)

k= 0.001 (range 0.0008~0.0012)

k= 0.001 (range 0.0008~0.0012)

Tendon Supports

Recommended spacing:Standard steel ducts 0.8 to 1.2mPlastic ducts PT-PLUS: 0.8 to 1.0m

Tendon Force LossesThe effective prestressing force at a specific placeand time differs from the initial prestressing forcefor various reasons.Significant factors include: friction losses due to curvature of the tendon; shrinkage and creep of the concrete; relaxation of the prestressing steel; draw-in of the wedges during lock-off.

The friction losses along the tendon can bedetermined with the following formula:

PxxPxPo

a

k

The friction coefficients and k can vary fairly widelyand depend upon various factors, including: thenature and surface condition of the prestressingsteel; the type, diameter and surface condition of theduct; and the installation method.

The following values may be assumed for design:

Tendon in standard steel ducts:= 0.2 (range 0.16~0.22)Tendon in plastic ducts PT-PLUS: = 0.14 (range 0.12~0.15)

For calculating the losses due to shrinkage andcreep of the concrete, reference should be made tothe technical literature and to the standardsapplicable to each project.

The relaxation of the prestressing steel dependsprimarily upon the types of steel (relaxation class),the magnitude of the prestress and the temperature.For low relaxation strands commonly used today, themaximum loss is 2.5% after 1000 hours at 20 C andan initial stress of 70% of the nominal tensilestrength. Further information can be found in therelevant prestressing steel standards andmanufacturer's literature.

Independent of the type of jack or tendon, a loss dueto wedge draw-in of approximately 6mm occurs atlock-off. If necessary, this can be compensated forby suitable procedures.

Sheathing and Corrosion Protection

For conventional applications, corrugated galvanisedsteel ducts are used.For applications requiring enhanced corrosionprotection and improved fatigue resistance of thetendons, use of the VSL PT-PLUS System withcorrugated plastic duct is recommended. This fullyencapsulated and watertight system offers superbcorrosion protection, and the plastic duct eliminatesfretting fatigue between the strand and duct. It also

Strand Position at High Point of Tendon

Strand bundle

Steelduct

e (mm)56610141714132225

Plasticduct

e (mm)---9121815322822

Strand Type 13 mm (0.5") Strand Type 15 mm (0.6")

5-15-35-75-125-195-225-275-315-375-425-485-55

Tendonunit

Steelduct

e (mm)478111312131423261723

Plasticduct

e (mm)---7922171432282414

6-16-36-46-76-126-196-226-276-316-37

Tendonunit

Strand Type

15 mm (0.6")

Tendon unit

6-76-12

6-19 / 6-226-316-37

Strand Type

13 mm (0.5")

Tendon unit

5-125-195-315-435-55

5976

100130130

7391

116146146

22.5333

Steel Duct

Duct

Dimensions (mm)

d D s

Other units on request


provides reduced duct friction. The PT-PLUSSystem may, in conjunction with VSL CSAnchorages, be configured with special details andinstallation techniques to provide Electrically IsolatedTendons. These tendons may be electricallymonitored at any time throughout the life of thestructure.All ducts are manufactured in a variety of standardlengths and are coupled on site.

Strand Position at Low Point of Tendon

Centre line of duct

Centre of gravity of strandse

e

Dimensions of Plastic Ducts PT-PLUS

Plastic Duct PT-PLUS

Dead End Anchorage VSL Type L

Duct A

Hairpin bar reinforcement

A

Layout of L-Anchorages:

Hairpin Bar Reinforcement

Required cross-sectional area of hairpin bars:

As n

As [mm ]

n [ - ]

Po [kN]

Aext. [mm]

T [mm]

X [mm]

Yield strength of hairpin bars: 400 MPa

Concrete cover to ducts shall not be less than the

external duct diameter.

2

Rmin.

600600900110012001400

BInternal/external

36/3951/5465/7280/8785/92

100/107

AInternal/external

42/4560/6780/8790/9795/102110/117

5-45-75-125-195-225-31

Tendonunit

Strand Type 13 mm (0.5")

Rmin.

60060060075010001300

BInternal/external

36/3936/3955/6260/6780/8795/102

AInternal/external

42/4542/4565/7275/8290/97

110/117

6-26-36-46-76-126-19

Tendonunit

Strand Type 15 mm (0.6")

Subject to modificationDimensions in mmDimensions are valid for:Nominal concrete strength at 28 days: 25 MPa (cube), 20 MPa (cylinder).Maximum prestressing force may be applied when concrete reaches 80% of its nominal strength.Maximum prestressing force is 75% of min. tendon breaking load (temporary overstressing to 80%).

Duct B

= Po p

= Cross-section area of one hairpin bar

= number of hairpin bars

= Prestressing force in the tendon

= External diameter of duct

= Concrete thickness

= Required anchoring length

according to applicable standard


Duct sized such that

only two (2) layers of

strand occur in the

loop.

Dead End Anchorage VSL Type LD

When loops with a smaller radius are required,special half round ducts are available upon request.VSL Type LD Loops are available with a 590 mmradius. The tendon sizes available are the same asType L - the difference is in duct configuration asindicated. A tight radius is good for nailing of precastbox segments to piers.

Grout tube

B

T

Hairpin bar

T

cba

T 4 A ext.T 4 A ext.T 3 A ext.

Stressing

The unique feature of the VSL Post-Tensioningsystem lies in its special procedure for locking thewedges. The wedges always remain in contact withthe strands during the stressing operation. As thepressure in the jack is released, the wedgesautomatically lock in the conical holes of the anchorhead.

Grouting equipment

Placing of anchor block

Positioning of jack

Stressing, measuring, seating of wedges


Grouting

VSL grouting equipment includes mixer and pump inone unit. Grouting is usually carried out as soon aspossible after stressing.

Placing of anchor block and wedges

Positioning of the jack

Stressing

Seating of wedges

Grouting of tendon

Push Through Machine Hydraulic Pump

ZPE-60III

615180250

126.4632500745-2

to 5-46-26-3

ZPE-12/St2II

550310100

309.418505981515-12

6-66-7

ZPE-200III

960315300

325.720006143055-12

6-66-7

ZPE-460/31II

580485100

804.046605804355-225-316-186-19

ZPE-1250II

1290620150

2168.01250057717305-37

to 5-556-31

to 6-55

ZPE-1000III

1200790200

1809.51000055322905-37

to 5-556-31

to 6-43

ZPE-750II

1185520150

1247.0750060111005-315-376-31

ZPE-500III

1000550200

894.6500055910645-225-316-18

to 6-22

ZPE-19II

750390100

500.329005802945-185-196-12

ZPE-7/AIII

690280160

203.610645231155-65-76-4

ZPE-3III

475200160

103.6500483475-25-36-2

ZPE-30III

720140250

58.32320549285-1

6-1

ZPE-23FJI

790116200

47.10230488235-1

6-1

(mm)(mm)(mm)(cm )(kN)(bar)(kg)

DesignationTypeLengthDiameterStrokePiston areaCapacity

WeightUsed for 13 mm(0.5") tendon typesUsed for 15 mm(0.6") tendon types


Type I (ZPE-23 FJ)

Stressing Jack Data

E

E

90100150140200200210250300330365450375

D

116140200180300310330390485585570790660

C

1200110010001100120013002100150015002000230022002250

B

30060055065080070011008507001150135013001350

A min.

-303030305050506080808090

Jack type

ZPE-23FJZPE-30ZPE-3ZPE-60ZPE-7/AZPE-12/St2ZPE-200ZPE-19ZPE-460/31ZPE-500ZPE-750ZPE-1000ZPE-1250

Dimensions in mm

2


60

B

C

D

E

Type III (ZPE-500)Type II (ZPE-19)

Concrete cover according

to applicable standard

B S P T

Concreting

Grouting

Harbour Front (Hunghom Marine Redevelopment), Hunghom, Hong Kong

Placing tendonsStressing

Owners and designers of thebuildings of today and tomorrowneed to incorporate sufficientflexibility into their structures toaccommodate the changingneeds of the users of thebuilding.

Post-tensioning offers largerspans with reduced structuraldepth, resulting in largercolumn-free areas. Internaltenancy layouts are thus notrestricted by tight column grids.Positive deflection and crackcontrol and, if necessary, crack-free water-tight slabs offer thedesigner the opportunity to

break free of the limitations ofthe passive methods ofreinforced concrete or structuralsteel.

VSL Post-Tensioning is moreeconomical than other systems,especially when fasterconstruction cycles areconsidered. There is lessmaterial handling on site andalso a reduced site labour forcewhich minimises congestion onsite. Most importantly, there isthe quality and service of VSLspecialized high-performanceteams and optimum back-up onsite.

The VSL Post-Tensioning slabsystem has been used in manyprestigious buildings andstructures throughout the FarEast. The system uses up tofive strands in flat-shapedducting and anchorages. Thestrands are individually stressedand are gripped by wedgeaction. After stressing, the ductis subsequently filled with acementitious grout, which isinjected under pressure, so thatthe strands are fully bonded tothe surrounding concrete.

Construction Sequence

B O N D E D S L A B P O S T - T E N S I O N I N G

Standardflat duct

20 x 75

25 x 90

Tendon Properties Duct Dimensions

Strand type

13 mm (0.5")

15 mm (0.6")

Tendonunit

5-45-56-46-5

ASTM A416Grade 270

73591910431304

BS 5896Super74493010601325

Numberof

strands4545

Min. breaking load (kN)

Corrugatedflat duct

25 x 80

25 x 90

= 0.20 (range: 0.16 ~ 0.22)= 0.001 (range: 0.0008 ~ 0.0012)= 0.14 (range: 0.12 ~ 0.15)= 0.001 (range: 0.0008 ~ 0.0012)

ASTM A416Grade 270

15.21401.1

16701860260.7

ASTM A416Grade 270

12.798.70.77516701860183.7


12.9100

0.78515801860186

cicra 195max 2.5

mmmmkg/mMPaMPakNGPa%

Strand type

Nominal diameterNominal areaNominal massYield strengthTensile strengthMin. breaking loadYoung's modulusRelaxation

1) Measured at 0.1% residual strain (0.1% offset method)2) Measured at 1% extension (1% extension under load method)3) After 1000 hrs at 20 C (EN & BS, low relaxation to ASTM)

Strand Properties

1) 2) 1) 2)

3)


15.71501.1815001770265

13 mm (0.5") 15 mm (0.6")

2

Duct Dimension in mm(Height x Width)

Plastic ductPT-PLUS

35 x 86

not available

Selected Design Considerations

Spacing of tendon supports: 0.75 to 1.2 m (conventional steel ducts) 0.75 to 1.0 m (plastic ducts PT-PLUS)

Minimum radius of curvature: 2.5 m (vertical profile) 6.0 m (horizontal profile)

Min. straight length at anchorage: 0.75 m

A wedge draw-in of approximately 6 mm occurs at lock-off

Friction losses can vary fairly widely from one tendon to another and from one structure to another,depending on factors such as surface condition of strands, type and surface condition of ducts, materialproperties, installation methods and workmanship on-site. In general, the following friction parameters canbe used, without additional consideration for anchorage losses:

- Tendons in standard steel ducts: k- Tendons in plastic ducts: k

Stressing Anchorage VSL Type S



TypeS 5-4S 5-5S 6-4S 6-5

A265265315315

B100100105105

C240240254266

D73738282

E9090100100

F305305338338

X350350400400

D215215215215

C95959595

B110110110110

A265265265265

TypeS 5-4S 5-5S 6-4S 6-5

Dimensions in mm.Dimensions are valid for a concrete transfer strength of 25 MPa (Cube), 20 MPa (Cylinder).

Couplers VSL Type SK

Recessformer

Strands

Compressionfittings

Coupling block

Wedges

Casting

Flat duct


Grout tube

Wedges

Strands

Anchor block

Casting

Duct

Grout tube

DC

600

B

F

E

Dead End Anchorage VSL Type H and Type P

Type P

Type H

Dimensions in mm.Dimensions are valid for a concrete transfer strength of 25 MPa (Cube), 20 MPa (Cylinder).

Grout tube

Seal

P-plate

Compressionfittings

C370370435435

B75758080

A250300260410

TypeP 5-4P 5-5P 6-4P 6-5

C750750950950

B70709090

A310390390490

TypeH 5-4H 5-5H 6-4H 6-5


Seal

Grout tube

Flat duct

Bulb

A x B

C

A x B

C

B S P T S

Anchorage Reinforcement

Anchorage at Slab Edge

Anchorage at Edge Beam

The above sketches show the preferred arrangement for the local confinement reinforcement at the anchorages. Please consult your local VSLrepresentatives for more details.

Details at Slab Edge

VSLAB Encapsulated Two Strand System

End anchor head

Bearing plate

Half shell

Duct

Clip

Grout vent

Wedge

Gasket

High performance grout

Encapsulated strandG

40

70

F

130

130

E

105

105

D

90

90

C

150

150

B

163

163

A

163

163

Type

SA5-2

k5-2

Grout cap

E F

G

A C

G

B D

Extra links whereshown for S6-5 only Grout vent

Grout vent

Details at Edge Beam Plan

Place innermost linkshard against castingas shown

Extra links whereshown for S6-5 only

50

Plan

Section A Section B

Internal Stressing Pocket13 mm and 15 mm strand

Details shown are typical and may vary for particular applications

Stressing Jack Clearance Requirements

C(mm)280400280400250320300400

B(mm)260260260260260260400400

A(mm)1100110011001100800800850850

Tendon unit5-45-56-46-55-45-56-46-5

Jack type

ZPE-23FJ

DKP-5

DKP-6

Jack typeABCDStrokePiston areaCapacity

Weight

(mm)(mm)(mm)(mm)(mm)(cm )(kN)(bar)(kg)

ZPE-23FJ790116

-195200

47.1023048823

DKP-661524084165200

49.2623046730

DKP-5560162105150200

31.0314747319

2

Stressing Jack Data

B O N D E D S L A B P O S T - T E N S I O N I N G S Y S T E M S

B=Strand projection C

A

DKP-5/DKP-6

A

ZPE-23FJ

A B

B

A

B

450

42030

450

175 175 50

Stressing Pocket

External post-tensioning is well suited to bridges due to the resulting economies in construction costs and the highdegree of corrosion resistance provided by the system. External tendons are easy to inspect and can be replaced ifnecessary. They are ideal for strengthening existing structures and have a multitude of applications in addition tobridges.

VSL external tendons consist of:

strand bundle; polyethylene duct; end and intermediate anchorages as well as tendon couplers; grouting compound.

External tendons, usually guided over deviation saddles, have many similarities to stay cables and permanent soiland rock anchors.

Detailed information about design and construction is given in the VSL publication "External Post-Tensioning".

E X T E R N A L P O S T - T E N S I O N I N G

Stressing anchorage Dead end anchorage

VSL External Post-tensioning System Components

Tendon deviation saddle

Strand bundle and sheathing

Bois de Rosset Viaduct, Switzerland

A wide selection of VSL anchorage types is available to meet the full range of practical requirements. In additionto the anchorages illustrated here, intermediate anchorages and couplers are also available . The strand bundlecan be assembled from uncoated or individually greased and sheathed strands. The anchorages for these twotypes of tendon differ only in detail, the principle remains the same.

Tendon

unit

5-12

5-19

5-31

5-43

5-55

6-7

6-12

6-19

6-31

6-37

A

270

310

370

430

520

250

310

390

430

520

B

125

150

165

200

220

125

150

165

200

220

C

222

258

320

390

420

222

258

300

390

420

D

110

125

150

180

200

110

125

150

180

200

E

65 / 3.6

90 / 5.1

110 / 6.3

125 / 7.1

140 / 8.0

63 / 3.6

90 / 5.1

110 / 6.3

140 / 8.0

160 / 9.1

Dimensions (mm)

Notes : 1. Nominal external duct diameter / wall thickness2. Other sizes are available upon request

1)

External prestressing components,

Anchorage Type ECRExternal tendons at deviation saddle

E P T

B

A E

Anchorage Type ECR

EC

D

Anchorage Type CS

Dead end anchoragewith split bearing plate

PE sheath Strand

Guide tube/Extension tube

Bundle ofmonostrands

HDPE stay pipe

Guide tube/Extension tube

Bundle ofmonostrands

VSL Staycable System 200

VSL Staycable System 200 SSI

S C

VSL Stay Cable System

VSL Stay Cable System has been developed to fulfil the stringent requirements for the design,construction and maintenance of cable stayed bridges.

VSL Stay Cable System consists of:

a tendon made of multiple parallel 15mm high tensile steel strands; each strand having an extruded coating of grease and polyethylene; each strand having an individual polyethylene guide tube continuous from anchorage to anchorage (option for

system 200 SSI only); an outer sheath of thick walled polyethylene pipe; anchorages that are prefabricated in the factory.

The features of the system are:

high fatigue resistance of 200 MPa at 45% of tendon capacity through 2,000,000 load cycles; high degree of corrosion resistance with multi-layers of corrosion protection; excellent corrosion protection of strands during construction provided by extruded coating; simple erection of stay cable assembly without the weight of the tendon strands; simple Single Strand Installation of the tendon into the erected stay assembly; all strands are parallel within guide tubes with no risk of intertwining; no requirement for on-site grouting of cable; easy to adjust or monitor the tendon force at any stage of the cable life; able to remove and replace individual strands or entire cable for inspection or repair at any time without

dismantling the installed anchorages; Single strand stressing.

Guide pipe

Adjustable stressinganchorage with threadedanchorage head and ring nut

Damper andneoprene boot

Parallel monostrandtendon, guide tubes andstay pipe

PE sheath Strand

Grease

Transition pipeHDPE stay pipe

Grease

G

(mm)

219/6.3

267/6.3

273/6.3

324/7.1

355.6/8

406/8.8

419/10

419/10

508/11

508/11

559/12.5

O

(mm)

1100

1350

1500

1650

1850

2100

2200

2400

2600

2700

2900

P min

(mm)

90

105

115

135

150

155

175

190

190

220

230

VSL Stay Cable System 200

1) Tendon units 6-4 and 6-7: dimensions on request.2) Strand in accordance with Euronorm 138-79 super; other types of strand

with 15 mm (0.6) diameter see VSL's .3) Valid for nominal concrete strength at 28 days: 45 MPa (cube), 36

MPa (cylinder). Local zone reinforcement not shown.4) External diameter / wall thickness.

5) Min. height of anchor head allow an adjustability of 20 mm.6) Dimensions valid only for load monitoring/adjustment. Min. required

length for removal of cable to be determined acc. to project.7) Threaded holes in bearing plate.

Dimensions in mm

Transitionpipe

Bearingplate

Pregroutedsection

M min

L min

S min Pmin

Protection cap

O 50

Connectionsleeve

Boot

T

L min

M min

Pregroutedsection

Damper

O

Split shim

R

Protectioncap

U Anchorhead DS

Splitshim

505-10 mm

Theoretical cable length

Stressing end Dead end

VSL Stay Cable System 200 SSI

5)M min

(mm)

650

750

850

900

1000

1200

1350

1350

1550

1650

1800

4) E

(mm)

230

280

300

350

370

430

460

460

530

530

580

C

(mm)

185

230

250

280

300

340

380

380

430

430

480

B

(mm)

190

235

255

285

310

350

385

385

440

440

490

Minimum

breaking

load

(kN)

3180

5035

5830

8215

9605

11395

14575

16165

19345

22525

24115

2)

Number

of

strands

[-]

12

19

22

31

37

43

55

61

73

85

91

Tendon

Unit

[-]

6-12

6-19

6-22

6-31

6-37

6-43

6-55

6-61

6-73

6-85

6-91

1)


A

(mm)

230

285

310

350

380

425

470

470

530

540

590

D

(mm)

290

355

380

450

485

540

590

610

690

720

765

3) F

(mm)

190

230

250

300

320

380

410

400

470

470

520

H

(mm)

140

180

200

225

250

280

315

315

355

355

400

I

(mm)

125

160

180

200

225

250

250

280

315

315

355

K

(mm)

110

140

160

180

200

225

225

250

250

280

280

L min

(mm)

1200

1300

1400

1450

1600

1800

2000

2050

2300

2400

2550

N min

(mm)

550

550

550

550

600

600

650

700

750

750

750

Q

(mm)

85

100

100

125

150

155

175

190

190

220

230

R

(mm)

146

170

170

207

237

247

274

294

303

343

353

S min

(mm)

220

230

230

260

280

290

310

330

330

360

370

6) T

(mm)

25

35

35

40

45

45

55

60

65

75

75

3) U

(mm)

35

40

40

50

55

60

65

70

75

85

85

X

(mm)

M 12

M 16

M 16

M 16

M 16

M 16

M 16

M 20

M 20

M 20

M 20

7)

S T A Y C A B L E S

I

L min

I

Dead end

TendonUnit

6- 46- 76-126-196-226-316-376-436-556-616-736-856-91

Numberof

strands471219223137435561738591

Minimumbreakingload (kN)

1060185531805035583082159805113951457516165193452252524115

G

175225290355380450485540590610690720765

H

15202535354045455560657575

I

26034060087087010601390155015501850190021002200

K min

3704507101000100012001530170017002000210023002400

L min

808080100105125135145160170180200200

M

63687595100120130140155165175195195

N

80808095100120135145160170180200200

O

131136141172177197217232254269288313313

F

140/ 4178/ 5

219/ 6,3254/ 6,3273/ 6,3324/ 7,1343/ 8

406/ 8,8419/ 10419/ 10495/ 11495/ 11546/ 12

D

75/ 4,390/ 5,1110/ 6,3140/ 8140/ 8

160/ 9,1180/ 10,2200/ 11,4225/ 12,8225/ 12,8250/ 14,2250/ 14,2280/ 15,9

C

120155185230250280300340380380430430480

B

125160190235255285310350385385440440490

A

150190230285310350380425470470530540590

Dimensions in mm

4) 4) 3) 3)

2)

4)E

75/ 4,3110/ 10140/ 8

180/ 10,2200/ 11,4225/ 12,8250/ 14,2280/ 15,9315/ 17,9315/ 17,9355/ 13,7355/ 13,7400/ 15,4

Stressing end

H

min. 220 M

K min

H

min. 220ON

K min

Threaded anchor head DRwith ring nut T Guide

pipeDamper

Theoretical cable length

Connection sleeve

50Boot

min. 150

N min

Guidetube

50X

Bearingplate

Guidepipe

Transitionpipe

Bearingplate T Q min 100

G R O U N D A N C H O R S

The VSL anchors are of similar construction, whetherintended for installation in rock or in soil, and consistbasically of the following three parts: bond length; free length; anchor head for attaching to the component to be

anchored.

Depending upon the intended application andservice life of the anchor, the type of rock or soil andthe magnitude of force to be transmitted, each ofthese parts must be capable of satisfying the mostvaried requirements. These factors thereforeinfluence the individual components of which theanchor will be constructed and the dimensions of theanchoring length and of the borehole.

The anchor head is the main characterisic feature ofthe VSL anchor. It always consists of a stressinganchorage selected from the VSL prestressingsystems. The other parts of the anchor may,however, be adapted to the particular requirementsin regard to their length, load-carrying capacity, formand individual components. Depending upon itsconstruction, the VSL anchor may then be used as atemporary or permanent anchor, as a test anchor orsurveillance anchor, in certain circumstances it maycomprise special protective measures againstcorrosion and mechanical damage. Furtherinformation about the soil and rock anchors will befound in the following VSL publications, which areobtainable on request: VSL Measuring Technique; VSL Soil and Rock Anchors - Examples from

Practice.

Strengthening of a gravity dam

Tie-down for a tall building

Securing a slope

Section B.B

Permanent VSL Strand Anchor Fully Encapsulated

Section A.A

Bore hole

Bore hole

Spacer

Bare clean strand

Bearing plate

Anchor block

Section A.AGrout tube

Corrugated sheath

Internal spacer

External spacerBore hole

Section B.B

Bore holeExternal spacer

Smooth sheath

Grout tubes

Greased and plasticcoated strand

Anchor block

Smooth sheath (Polyethylene) orcorrugated sheath

Temporary VSL Strand Anchor


Bare clean strandGrout tubes

Grout

External spacer

Bare clean strand

Bearing plate

Greased and sheathed strand

Internal spacer

Corrugated sheath (Polyethylene)

Bore hole

Nose cone

Grout tube

Bare clean strand

Spacer

Bore hole

Greased and sheathed strand (optional)

Grout (free length optional)

Grout tubes

Greased and sheathedstrand (optional)

Grout tubes

Fig. a: VSL anchorage Type ER

A B C

Diagrammatic

Presentation

Anchor block for surveillance anchors:

Alternative

Type E with thread

Stressing jackwith coupling

None

Type E normal

Stressing jack

Required

VSL anchor head

Force measure-ment with

Protection of strand

Type E normal

Load cell, installedpermanent or onlywhen measuring

None

Fig. b: VSL anchorage Type EA

Stressing Anchorage

VSL Anchorage Type E

The VSL stressing anchorage Type E, is composedbasically of an anchor block, wedges and bearingplate. A protective cap may also be fitted over theanchorage, if the latter must be accessible forsurveillance purposes.

All the strands of an anchor are stressedsimultaneously, but they are locked off individually bywedges in the conical bores in the anchor block. Therange of VSL anchorages Type E enables tendons of1 to 55 strands to be stressed, the principle ofanchoring being the same from the smallest to thelargest unit.

The VSL stressing anchorages Type E are designedin principle to meet all the special requirementswhich may be demanded of an anchor. Theserequirements must certainly be known in advance toenable the anchor to be designed in detailaccordingly. This is particularly necessary when theanchor is: a surveillance anchor; required to be restressed later; required to be detensioned and again restressed; required to be removed after use.

Surveillance Anchors

A surveillance anchor is an anchor at whichobservations are carried out periodically and enablesthe stressing force to be read at any time. The tableshows diagrammatically various forms ofconstruction of the anchorage. The choice of asuitable type will depend upon the access availableto the anchor, its required service life andeconomical considerations. For alternatives B and C,an anchor head of Type E is used, with a thread onit's external cylindrical surface.

Restressing of Anchors

Where force losses are to be expected as aconsequence of soil movements or structuraldeformations, the anchor should be so constructedthat it can be restressed.

Alternatives A and B in the table are also suitable forrestressing. To restress, the anchor block is lifted offfrom the bearing plate and shims are inserted betweenthem. A third solution is to use VSL anchorage TypeER, which has a ring nut enabling the prestressingforce to be adjusted (Fig. a).

Detensioning and Restressing of Anchors

Where an anchor is to be detensioned later, anarrangement is required consisting of a different typeof wedge and an accessory device incorporated inbetween the jack and the anchor head. With thisarrangement the wedges can be released and againlocked at any time thus enabling the anchor to becompletely detensioned in one or more stages.

Where strands must be cut off and not project beyondthe anchor block, a VSL anchorage Type EA can beused (Fig. b). This works on the principle of anadjusting ring nut and a coupler being used fordestressing.

Removable Anchors

For temporary rock or soil anchors which are requiredto be removed after use, the VSL Removable AnchorSystem can fulfill such a special requirement.

After destressing of the anchor, the entire strandtendon can be removed. All that is left behind in theground is a small piece of steel component and thegrout column with plastic sheathing which would notaffect neighbouring foundation activities in the future.

For details of the VSL Rock and Soil Anchor Systemsplease contact your local VSL branch office.


VSL Permanent Ground Anchors (Strand Type)

Jacktype

required

ZPE-7/AZPE-12/St2

ZPE-19ZPE-460/31

ZPE-750ZPE-750ZPE-1000ZPE-1000ZPE-1250

Drillhole

dia. (mm)

130150175200215275310325350

Ultimatecapacity

(kN)

10601855318050357155821598051139514575

Numberof

15mm strands

4712192731374355

7084102130130160160210260

7590110140140170170220270

85100125165165195195256270

6580100125125150150200250

Note: Where block outs, voids or drill hole casing are required,drill hole diameters and bearing plate dimensions should be confirmed with the local VSL office.

VSL Permanent Ground Anchors (Stressbar Type)

Drill hole sizes are based on 10mm external cover *VSL Deformed Tie Bar**VSL Threadlok Bar

505050506565658080808080100

65656565858585100100100100100125

Jacktype

required

ZPE-3ZPE-3ZPE-3ZPE-3ZPE-3ZPE-3ZPE-60ZPE-7/AZPE-7/AZPE-7/AZPE-200ZPE-200ZPE-19

Drill holedia. mm

5050505075757587100100100100125

Drill holedia. mm

75757575878787100100112112112165

Bardia.mm

15*15**202023

**2526293236384056

Ultimatecapacity

(kN)

1901911883254502955757158701050122512952460

Drill holedia. mm

100100100100125125125150150150150150175

Corrugatedsheath mmID OD

SmoothID OD

CorrugatedID OD

Sheath Diameter (mm)

Permanent Encapsulated Epoxy Coated Temporary


Minimumdrill holedia. mm

100125150175

Ultimatecapacity

kN

1362223235345022

No. of13 mmstrands

7121927

VSL Temporary Ground Anchors

13mm Strand

Jacktype

required

ZPE-7 / AZPE-12 / St2ZPE-19ZPE-460 / 31

Minimumdrill holedia. mm

100125150175

Ultimatecapacity

kN

1855318050357155

No. of15 mmstrands

7121927

VSL Temporary Ground Anchors

15mm Strand

Jacktype

required

ZPE-12/St2ZPE-19ZPE-460/31ZPE-500

H E A V Y L I F T I N G

Tsing Ma Bridge, Hong Kong

Lifting of portal beams, formwork and steel trusses

(weight 270 ~ 420 tonnes)

Loire River Bridge, France

Lifting of 162 m long steel portal (2,400 tonnes) for the main span

Today's civil engineering structures and industrial plants are often assembled from large, heavy prefabricatedcomponents. This may be done for economic or technical reasons, or to save construction time. For projects inwhich cranes or other conventional handling equipment cannot be used because of excessive weight,dimensions or space limitations, VSL Heavy Lifting will often provide the most effective solution.

VSL Heavy Lifting provides builders, engineers and owners with a broad range of advantages, including: custom-designed solutions for each project; the highest level of safety, based upon sound engineering practices and over two decades of experience; economy and efficiency through the use of advanced an reliable hydraulic equipment.

Unique Solutions

VSL will plan lifting, lowering or sliding operations anddesign the necessary temporary structures to suit yourrequirements. Sound engineering, clear thinking, the abilityto innovate, and years of successful experience give you aguarantee of reliable and cost-effective solutions.

New Airport Passenger Terminal Building Roof sliding, Hong Kong

Pump

Flat Jack

Safety

Safety is VSL's first priority. Our specialisedhydraulic lifting equipment is designed for the highestlevel of reliability, and all equipment is rigorouslytested and serviced through VSL's quality controland maintenance programme. VSL field services arealso based upon a total commitment to safety, theextensive experience of our personnel and VSL'sexceptional record provide further assurance ofreliable performance.

Flexibility

VSL's heavy lifting equipment includes a largeselection of hydraulic jacks, pumps, control units,monitoring devices and jacking frames. This range ofequipment gives us the capability to perform virtuallyany project requiring lifting, lowering or sliding.

Type

120c150c220c250c270c300c350c420c480c600c750c870c920c

*1150c

Outsidediameter D

mm

1201502202502703003504204806007508709201150

Maximum forceat 13.5MPa

kN

85155390525605780108016052170347054007385897513635

Effective area atzero extension

10 mm

6.411.529394558801191612574005476651010

TThickness **

mm

2525252525252525252525252525

EMaximum travel

mm

2525252525252525252525252525

Installationgapmm

3838383838383838383845454550

* 1150c Flat Jacks are specially produced to order and require longer lead times** Flat Jack thickness may vary 3mm

3 2

H E A V Y L I F T I N G

Segment Erection, Normandy Bridge, France

Flat Jacks

Flat jacks are widely used for a multitude of civil engineering and construction applications such as: under pinning; prestressing of columns; counteracting sinking foundations; prestressing of road works or airport runways; prestressing concrete in confined spaces; lifting and lowering of bridge superstructures for bridge bearing adjustments; counteracting loads applied during backfilling; lifting heavy weights; pile testing.

The VSL flat jack is constructed of two moulded steel sections welded together to form a containment vessel.Hydraulic fluid or grout is injected at pressures of up to 13.5MPa into the peripheral ring, moving the lifting platesaparts, so that a force is applied with a maximum lifting stroke of 25mm per jack. Other shapes of flat jacks areavailable upon request.

Plan

Closed

Fully Inflated

Hong Kong Stadium, Hong Kong

VSL Bar Configurations

20ft.

5.85

5.85

5.85

5.85

40ft.

11.85

5.85+6.0

11.85

11.85

Export containersComponents

available

Hot

rolled

Cold

rolled

Left

hand

Right

hand

Short

CTS

Fully

CTA

VSL Bar

system

CT Stress Bar

15-40mm CT Bar

56-73mm CT Bar

Deformed Bar

15mm Tie Bar

Threadlok Bar

20-25mm

Thread Details Architectural Max. Bar Length m

S T R E S S B A R

Bar Systems

VSL has been manufacturing and designing bar systems in Australia for use by the construction industry since1971. These have proven to be one of the most popular tools of Engineers wishing to induce and control loadsand forces in structures.The systems range from High Tensile Cold Worked Stressbar to Low Tensile Architectural Tendons, all withcompact and easy to assemble fittings.A range of diameters is available to give a wide selection of bar forces. The prestressing force is anchored at theend of the bar by a rolled thread, nut, washer and bearing plate. Where necessary bars can be joined withthreaded couplers, and clevis fittings may be used where pin connections are required.The VSL bar system complies with the requirements of AS1313, AS1314, BS4486, ASTM-A722 and ISO 6934.

Application

VSL bar systems are ideal for the economic application of post-tensioning forces on relatively short tendons.Through the use of threaded connections and anchorages they are simple to use and lend themselves to manyapplications.

Typical Applications are:

Buildings

Prestressed Beams and Columns Precast Connections

Bridges

Stay Cable Hangers Prestressed Segments Strengthening (Timber & Steel Bridges) Tension Piles and Caissons

Wharves & Jetties

Stressed Deck Planks Tie Backs

Characteristic Properties

VSL Bar Properties are nominally as listed in the Tables.

Corrosion Protection

All bars and fittings must receive protection when installed under permanent conditions. In normal concreteconstruction the use of galvanised duct, injected with grout, provides good protection. Anchorage recesses mustalso be filled with cement mortar to protect these ends.

Bars

When bars are used in an exposed environment then one of the following coating systems may be used: single coat of inorganic zinc; three coat epoxy paint system; molybond coated bar ends only; greased and sheathed in poly tube; galvanising - (Threadlok Bar only).A combination of the above systems may also be specified. Consideration must also be given to the threadedends to ensure correct installation of fittings after coating.

Fittings

Fittings may be treated as above but with preference given to galvanising.

Temporary Bar Anchors

Anchors used in a temporary environment may be used without protection apart from grout cover.

Permanent Bar Anchors

These anchors require installation into corrugated polyethylene sheathing to provide multiple levels of protection.This is accomplished by the internal grout and sheathing barrier. Additional protection may also be used byincorporating the above bar coatings.

Anchors

Permanent and Temporary Ground Anchors Uplift Anchors (Dam & Foundation) Roof Bolting Slope Stabilisation Crane Bases Light Towers

Specialist Engineering

Heavy Lifting Formwork Ties or Hangers Frame Ties Pile Testing Architectural Ties

S T R E S S B A R

VSL CT StressbarCharacteristic Properties

Nominal

area

sq. mm

177

314

415

531

661

804

1018

1134

1257

2463

4185

Nominal

mass

kg/m

1.52

2.39

3.46

4.40

5.44

6.59

7.86

9.23

9.72

20.74

34.68

Nominal tensile

strength

MPa

1080

1030

1080

1080

1080

1080

1030

1080

1030

1000

1000

Nominal 0.1%

proof stress

MPa

930

835

930

930

930

930

835

930

835

810

810

Nominal

Dia.

mm

15

20

23

26

29

32

36

38

40

56

73

Minimum

elongation

%

6

6

6

6

6

6

6

6

6

6

6

Appr. Modulus

of elasticity

kN/sq.mm

170

170

170

170

170

170

170

170

170

205

205

Major Dia.

of thread

mm

17.2

21.2

25.2

28.2

31.2

34.4

37.4

40.4

41.4

58.5

76.5

Thread

pitch

mm

6

6

6

6

6

6

6

6

6

6

6

0.1% Proof

165

260

385

495

615

750

850

1055

1050

1995

3390

Max. force

190

325

450

575

715

870

1050

1225

1295

2460

4190

Note: 1. Relaxation properties, as per AS1313, are 4% maximum at 1000 hrs when loaded to 70% of minimum breaking load.2. Fatique results exceed two million cycles when loaded over a stress range of 80 N/sq.mm. (For unbonded tendon only).3. Minimum bending diameter = 200 x Bar Dia.

Recommended MinimumBar

Dia.

15, 20

23, 26

29, 32, 36

38, 40

56

73

B

125

150

150

175

220

320

A

125

150

150

175

220

320

C

75

80

100

112

250

250

A

100

130

130

150

200

300

B

100

130

130

150

200

300

C

70

75

90

100

200

200

Normal bar

Dia.

15, 20

23, 26, 29

32, 36, 38

46

56

73

E

180

270

612

410

Weight

kg

13.5

56

249

295

Capacity

kN

295

996

1980

4570

Jack

model

RH303

ZLP-100/80

ZLP-200

ZPE-460/31

D

121

280

200

485

Stroke

76

80

300

100

Jack Dimension (mm)

Hydraulic Stressing Jack and Accessories

Recess Details (mm) Jack Details

F

390

560

1120

750

G

75

150

110

250

H

125

150

200

300

Jack

model

RH303

ZLP-100/80

ZLP-200

ZPE-460 / 31

Jack Clearance Details (mm)

DEL

F

Stroke

Characteristic StrengthkN

S T R E S S B A R

C

200

Permanent VSL Stressbar Anchor Fully Encapsulated

A

Temporary VSL Stressbar Anchor

S T R E S S B A R

Spherical nut

Hot-Dip galvanizedprotective cap

Spherical washer

Hot-Dip galvanizedbearing plate withtrumpet

Protective grease

CT Stressbar

Grout

Grout tube outer

Grout tube inner

Protective grease

Nitroseal PX220

Internal spacersat 1500 max. centres

O-ring

External spacersat 1500 max. centres

Corrugated sheathing(Polyethylene)

Grout tube outerGrout tube inner

Bore hole

Corrugated sheathing(Polyethylene)

CT Stressbar

Internal spacers

Section A-A

Grout tube

Grout

CT Stressbar epoxycoated if required

Greased bar over free length

Bearing plate

Spherical washer

Spherical nut

Section B-B

Bore hole

Spacers

Heat shrink

CT Stressbar

A

A

H.D.P.E. smooth or corrugated boresheathing over free length

B

B

Heat shrink& sleeve

H.D.P.E. smooth sheathingover free length

Spacers at 1500 max. centres

Steel nose cone

Grout tube

VSL RETAINED EARTH is a composite soil reinforcing system which employs welded wire mesh to improve theshear and compressive strength of an earth backfill.

A RETAINED EARTH structure is a stable, unified gravity mass which may be designed for use in a broad varietyof civil engineering applications. In projects ranging from commercial retaining walls to highway bridgeabutments, VSL RETAINED EARTH has found widespread use and acceptance as a major construction system.The effective principle of RETAINED EARTH involves the transfer of stresses from the soils to the reinforcingmesh through bearing. Bearing pressure is developed on the projected areas of the mesh crossbars, and thepressure is in turn transferred to the longitudinal bars. The longitudinal bars are thus placed in tension, whichenables the soil mass to withstand loads in the direction of the reinforcement.

In addition to the significant performanceadvantages, the VSL RETAINED EARTHsystem is also extremely economical todesign and construct. The system consistsof only three components, reinforcingmesh, precast facing panels and backfillmaterial. This simplicity allow constructionto proceed easily and rapidly.Cost savings of up to 50% are regularlyrealised when compared with traditionalstabilisation systems.

Fast, Easy and Economical

The construction of a RETAINED EARTHstructure is extremely straightforward. Afive-man crew using standard constructionequipment will average 75 square metres ofwall per shift, and can place up to 140square metres per shift.

Perspective View

VSL RETAINED EARTH

Retaining Wall

F5 Freeway, Heathcote NSW

R E T A I N E D E A R T H

Complete Capabilities

VSL provides the client with a complete range of design and engineeringservices for a RETAINED EARTH structure. VSL employs the mostadvanced Computer Aided Design (CAD) systems available.

Services provided include analysis of external stability, internal stability,bridge load, overturning and base sliding. In addition, VSL furnishes allpreliminary drawings, shop drawings and complete erection sequencingdocuments as required.

R E T A I N E D E A R T H

Complete Flexibility

The VSL RETAINED EARTH concrete facing panels are available in a broadrange of textures and colours. Because local materials are used in theproduction of these precast panels, the exposed surface can easily becoloured to complement the natural surroundings. Standard RETAINEDEARTH panel treatments include raised relief, sandblast finish, exposedaggregate, and conventional smooth face concrete. These are only a veryfew of the possibilities however. Non-concrete faces, such as welded meshor steel faced are also available and can be used to make temporarystructures.

Temporary wall with welded mesh face

Fractured fin finishAshlar finish

Raised relief finishSteel face finish

S Y S T E M F O R M W O R K

VSL Climbform and Table Formwork Systems

THE VSL Climbform System is a self climbing heavy duty construction platform used primarily to lift static panelvertical wall formwork. The system provides the wall designer with complete flexibility in both the structural designand selection of finishes.

Standard features include:

custom designed formwork panels which may be ganged in any shape or size to lift as one unit; form heights ranging from 2.5 to 4.0 metres; unobstructed access to the forms for:

- cleaning and oiling- fixing of door frames and blockouts- reinforcement and reinforcing fabric fixing, including prefabricated reinforcement;

truss members of fixed height assembled in "Meccano like fashion" to form a platform of any plan shapeor size;

easy levelling and plumbing of the external platform,which is typically supported on four, six or eightseatings;

variation of wall thickness by moving the internal orexternal forms;

parking the internal platforms at mid-lift to facilitateblockout and reinforcement fixing;

cycle times as low as three days; access to external walls for curing; hanging access stairway.

Central Plaza Building, Hong Kong

VSL Formtravellers have been developed inconjunction with the in-house design of balanced orfree cantilevering bridge structures. The formtravellerof either overhead truss or underslung type, is ahydraulically driven falsework system with built inworking platforms and formwork panels. VSL servicesinclude design, supply, 1st assembly andcommissioning, or a total turnkey packageincorporating the operation of the system with thepost-tensioning application.

VSL System Formwork services include the design ofthe formwork systems, hire of the Climbform andSlipform Systems, prefabrication of forms andplatforms, supervision and 1st assembly of theformwork and running of the systems.

S Y S T E M F O R M W O R K

Tsing Ma Bridge, Hong Kong

Climbformed piers and Slipformed pylons

Alsons Cement Plant, Philippines

Optional features include:

support of concrete placing booms on the platform; access hatches and/or temporary platforms to

install precast stairs; external trailing platforms for:

- patching of the tie-bolt holes- concrete finishing and curing- welding of beam stubs/brackets to support

steel floor beams; provision to allow manhoists to service the top

working platform; provision to locate tower cranes within internal

and corridor platforms; collapsible door formers.

The VSL Climform System is recognised as the mostpowerful commercial formwork system available inthe world today and has been specified on thelargest and tallest vertical structures in Asia andAustralia.

The VSL Slipform System has been used in theconstruction of silos, storage tanks, containmentstructures, chimneys, cooling stacks and bridge piersand pylons for over 20 years. Slipforming isadvantageous when rapid construction between 2and 6 m per 24 hours is required which results fromcontinuous working and forms a monolithic structurefree from construction joints. The system is raised byhydraulic jacks with upper working platforms forreinforcement fixing and concrete placement and asuspended scaffolding for finishing works.

Phu Luong Bridge, Vietnam

As a specialist involved in the design and construction of bridges, VSL has considerable experience and expertisein:

conceptual, preliminary and final detailed design of bridge structure; developing construction methods with full engineering; full design and detailing for formwork and erection systems; on-site construction of selected elements of the structure, from post-tensioning through to entire bridge

superstructures.

The application of this knowledge by VSL assists owners, developers, main contractors and consultants with initialdesign concepts, alternative designs and construction methods. The result for the project is that:

the cost is minimised; the methods are simplified; the time is reduced;

Some of the very different projects successfully carried by VSL are:

Phu Luong Bridge,

VIETNAM

Balanced Cantilever Construction

VSL Scope of Work:

Design of the four lane main superstructureconsisting of a main span of 102 m and side spansof 65m.

Design, supply and commissioning of the travellingformwork system and supply of the post-tensioning,bearings and movement joints.

Tsing Ma Bridge,

HONG KONG

Pylons and Approach Pier Construction

VSL Scope of Work:

Construction of two number 206m high concretepylons by slipforming including all concreting andreinforcement fixing. Heavy lifting of steel trusses forportal beams up to 420 tons. Design, supply andoperation of the 4 VSL Climbforms Systems for the60m high approach piers.

B R I D G E E N G I N E E R I N G

the quality is enhanced; the safety is improved; the value of the structure is increased;

Ma On Shan Pipe Bridge,

HONG KONG

Incremental Launch Construction

VSL Scope of Work:

Alternative design and construction of superstructureincluding casting of segments, reinforcement fixing andpost-tensioning. The bridge has a length of 330m andspans of 33m for carrying 2 No. 1.2m diameter pipes

crossing the river to the waste water treatment plant.

Decking Over Roadway, Lam Tin,

HONG KONG

Precast Girder Construction

VSL Scope of Work:

Supply and erect 87 No. 300 ton, 3m deep precastbeams.Design, supply and operation of the erection gantry and

launching.

Seoul Expressway Phase 1,

KOREA

Precast Segmental Construction

VSL Scope of Work:

Design and commissioning of formwork for the 3,600precast box girder segments. The production on CAD ofsegment fabrication shop drawings. The design of theerection truss and full erection of the segments. Supplyand installation of permanent and temporary post-

tensioning.

Hung Hom By-Pass,

HONG KONG

Precast Segmental Construction

VSL Scope of Work:

Supply and installation of post-tensioning, bearings andmovement joints. Supply and operation of the erectiongantry for the erection of 1650 No. precast segments.The spans vary from 26 to 45 m with segment weight40~83 tons.

B R I D G E E N G I N E E R I N G

Structural Bearings

Positioned between two structures to accommodateload transfer and relative movements which maycause damage. Bearings can be divided into twotypes, namely elastomeric and mechanical (disc orpot bearings). VSL services include design, testing,

supply and installation.

Slip Joints

The slip joint has been developed to fill the need fora reliable and easily applied slip joint material onload bearing brickwork or under cast concrete slabs.It is designed to centralise loads and accommodateshrinkage and movement. Composed of polishedstainless steel sliding against PTFE coated high

grade natural rubber.

Movement Joints

Single Element

Used in building, pedestrian and vehicular structuresto seal the gap between two structures so that theycan move independently without adversely affectingeach other. The joints are of either aluminium orsteel with a flexible seal spanning between them andcan accommodate movement ranges between 15

mm to 40 mm.

Movement Joints

Multi Element

Used in highway and bridge structures with largemovements due to the effects of concrete shrinkage,thermal and seismic effects or differential settlementand ground movements. Typical movement rangesfrom 65 mm per single seal upto 1 m whenconnected together. VSL services include design,supply, 1st installation and long term maintenance.

S T R U T U R A L P R O D U C T S

13

15

21

23

25

29

31

35

37

39

41

POST-TENSIONING SYSTEM

I N D E X

BEARINGS, MOVEMENT JOINTS& SYSTEM FORMWORK

ISO 9002: 1994Certificate No: CC416

ISO 9001: 1994Certificate No: CC421

The Company

Multistrand Post-Tensioning

Bonded Slab Post-Tensioning

External Post-Tensioning

Stay Cables

Ground Anchors

Heavy Lifting

Stressbar

Retained Earth

System Formwork

Bridge Engineering

Structural Products

VSLTHE COMBINATION OF A WORLD-CLASS SPECIALIST CONTRACTOR

WITH THE RESPONSIVENESS OF A LOCALLY BASED PARTNER

HEADQUARTERS

VSL International Ltd.Bernstrasse 9

LYSSACH - CH 3421Switzerland

Phone: 41-34-447 99 11Fax: 41-34-445 43 22

http:\\ www.vsl-intl.com

South East Asia /Australia( Operating Unit 1 )

REGIONAL OFFICEVSL Prestressing (Aust.) Pty. Ltd.6 Pioneer AvenueTHORNLEIGH, NSW 2120AustraliaTel. 61 - 2 - 9484 59 44Fax. 61 - 2 - 9875 38 94

AUSTRALIA - QueenslandVSL Prestressing (Aust.) Pty. Ltd.VIRGINIATel. 61 - 7 - 326 564 00Fax. 61 - 7 - 326 575 34

AUSTRALIA - New South WalesVSL Prestressing (Aust.) Pty. Ltd.THORNLEIGHTel. 61 - 2 - 9484 59 44Fax. 61 - 2 - 9475 38 94

AUSTRALIA - Southern DivisionVSL Prestressing (Aust.) Pty. Ltd.NOBLE PARKTel. 61 - 3 - 9795 03 66Fax. 61 - 3 - 9795 05 47

BRUNEI DARUSSALAMVSL Systems (B) Sdn. Bhd.BANDAR SERI BEGAWANTel. 673 - 2 - 380 153/2 - 38182Fax. 673 - 2 - 381 954

GUAMVSL Prestressing (Guam) Inc.TUMONTel. 67 - 1646 80 61Fax. 67 - 1649 08 50

INDONESIAPT VSL IndonesiaJAKARTATel. 62 - 21 - 570 07 86Fax. 62 - 21 - 573 68 49

MALAYSIAVSL Engineers (M) Sdn. Bhd.KUALA LUMPURTel. 60 - 3 - 242 47 11Fax. 60 - 3 - 242 93 97

NEW ZEALANDPrecision Precasting (Wgtn.) Ltd.OTAKITel. 64 - 6 - 364 81 26Fax. 64 - 6 - 364 83 44

SINGAPOREVSL Singapore Pte. Ltd.SINGAPORETel. 65 - 336 29 23Fax. 65 - 337 64 61

THAILANDVSL (Thailand) Co., Ltd. - BANGKOKTel. 66 - 2 - 237 32 88/89/90Fax. 66 - 2 - 238 24 48

North East Asia( Operating Unit 2 )

REGIONAL OFFICEVSL North East Asia1508 Devon House979 King's RoadQuarry Bay, HONG KONGTel. 852 - 2590 22 22Fax. 852 - 2590 95 93

HONG KONGVSL Hong Kong Ltd.QUARRY BAYTel. 852 - 2590 22 88Fax. 852 - 2590 02 90

JAPANVSL Japan CorporationTOKYOTel. 81 - 33 - 346 89 13Fax. 81 - 33 - 345 91 53

KOREAVSL Korea Co., Ltd.SEOULTel. 82 - 2 - 574 82 00Fax. 82 - 2 - 577 00 98

MAINLAND CHINA258 Qianshan Road, Hefei,ANHUI PROVINCEPostal Code: 230031Tel. 86 - 551 - 5577421Fax. 86 - 551 - 5576018

PHILIPPINESVSL Philippines Inc.MANILATel. 63 - 2 - 633 1739Fax. 63 - 2 - 633 1740

TAIWANVSL Taiwan Co., Ltd.TAIPEITel. 886 - 22 - 759 68 19Fax. 886 - 22 - 759 68 21

VIETNAMVSL HanoiRepresentative OfficeHANOITel. 84 - 4 - 8245 488Fax. 84 - 4 - 8245 717

Europe, Middle East,South America and Africa( Operating Unit 4.5 )

REGIONAL OFFICERepresentative OfficeL'Odysse - Bt. A2-12 Chemin des Femmes91886 MASSY Cedex - FranceTel. 33 - 1 - 69 19 43 16Fax. 33 - 1 - 69 19 43 17

ARGENTINAVSL Sistemas Especiales deConstruccin S.A.BUENOS AIRESTel. 54 - 1 - 322 06 09Fax. 54 - 1 - 322 09 19

AUSTRIAGrund-und Sonderbau GesmbHVIENNATel. 43 - 1 - 878 17 0Fax. 43 - 1 - 878 17 762 od 782

BOLIVIAPrestress VSL of Bolivia Jauregui Ltd.LA PAZTel. 591 - 2 - 321 874Fax. 591 - 2 - 371 493

CHILEVSL SistemasSANTIAGOTel. 56 - 2 - 233 10 81Fax. 56 - 2 - 233 67 39

CZECH REPUBLICVSL Systemy (CZ) s.r.o.PRAGUETel. 420 - 2 - 67 07 24 20Fax. 420 - 2 - 67 07 24 06

FRANCEVSL France S.A.EGLYTel. 33 - 1 - 69 26 14 00Fax. 33 - 1 - 60 83 89 95

GREAT BRITIANBalvac Whitley Moran Ltd.DERBYSHIRETel. 44 - 1773 54 26 00Fax. 44 - 1773 54 27 00

GREECEVSL Systems A/EATHENSTel. 30 - 1- 363 84 53Fax. 30 - 1- 360 95 43

INDIAKillick Prestressing Ltd.BOMBAYTel. 91 - 22 - 578 44 81Fax. 91 - 22 - 578 47 19

NETHERLANDSCivielco B.V.AT LEIDENTel. 31 - 71 - 576 89 00Fax. 31 - 71 - 572 08 86

Stronghold Benelux B.V.Tel. 31- 70 -511-5145Fax. 31- 70 -517-6624

USA-North America( Operating Unit 3 )

REGIONAL OFFICEVSL CorporationCrosspointe II Plaza2840 Plaza Place - Suite 200RALEIGH, NC 27612 USATel. 1 - 919 - 781 6272Fax. 1 - 919 - 781 6892

MIDWESTVSL CorporationDALLAS, TXTel. 1 - 972 - 647 - 0200Fax. 1 - 972 - 641 - 1192

NORTHEASTVSL CorporationWASHINGTON, D.C.Tel. 1 - 703 - 451 - 4300Fax. 1 - 703 - 451 - 0862

SOUTHEASTVSL CorporationMIAMI, FLTel. 1 - 305 - 592 - 5075Fax. 1 - 305 - 592 - 5629

WESTVSL CorporationSAN JOSE, CATel. 1 - 408 - 866 - 5000Fax. 1 - 408 - 374 - 4113

NORWAYVSL Norge A/SSTAVANGERTel. 47 - 51 - 56 37 01Fax. 47 - 51 - 56 27 21

PERUPretensado VSL del Peru SALIMATel. 51 - 1476 - 04 23/26Fax. 51 - 1476 - 04 77

PORTUGALVSL Prequipe S.A.LISBONTel. 351 - 1 - 793 85 30Fax. 351 - 1 - 793 09 01

Stronghold PortugalPORTOTel. 351 - 2 - 370 00 21Fax. 351 - 2 - 379 39 73

SOUTH AFRICASteeledale Systems (Pty) Ltd.JOHANNESBURGTel. 27 - 11 - 613 77 41/9Fax. 27 - 11 - 613 74 04

SPAINCTT StrongholdBARCELONATel. 34 - 3 - 200 87 11Fax. 34 - 3 - 209 85 90

SWEDENInternordisk SpnnarmeringAB, DANDERYDTel. 46 - 8 - 753 02 50Fax. 46 - 8 - 753 49 73

SWITZERLANDVSL (Switzerland) Ltd.LYSSACHTel. 41 - 34 - 447 99 11Fax. 41 - 34 - 445 43 22

UNITED ARAB EMIRATESRepresentative OfficeDUBAITel. 971 - 4 - 555 220Fax. 971 - 4 - 518 244

Your post-tensioning specialist contractor:

156693582 VSL Catalogue

Documents

vsl continuousaccess

vsl international

principle of posttensioning

posttensioning industry

hong kongthe vsl technology

operating unitsous

hong kongbank of china

hong kongtsing ma