13. Review Anatomi Fisiologi Otak Sistem Saraf

7/25/2019 13. Review Anatomi Fisiologi Otak Sistem Saraf

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Ns. ENI NUR’AINI AGUSTINI, S.Kep, M.Sc

REVIEW ANATOMI FISIOLOGIOTAK & SISTEM SARAF



Sistem Saraf

Sistem Saraf !sat

Sistem Saraf erifer



Sistem Saraf !sat "SS#

SS

OTAK

$ARINGAN SARAF

S.S.

Spi%ais

S.S.

Spi%ais

OTAK 'EAN

OTAK TENGA(

OTAK)ELAKANG

*ERE)RUM

'IEN*E(ALON

MIEN*E(ALON

ONS

ME'ULA

O)LONGA TA

*ERE)RUM

NEURON

S

SINAS

NEUROTRANSMITTER



A%at+mi Ota

OTAK

'EAN

OTAKTENGA(

OTAKBELAKAG



*ere-r!m

. (emisfer iri /

0i1!-!%2a% +e1 +rp!sa+s!m 32 -erisi 455 6t

%e!r+%s

4. (emisfer a%a% /

7. K+rtes Sere-ri

8. Ga%2ia )asais



(emisfer



(emisfer(emisfer Kiri/ cara -er9ir i%ier,

se!e%sia, me%2at!r 1a:1a 3a%2 -ersifatrasi+%a, -er!r!sa% 0e%2a% ata:ata &matematia

(emisfer a%a% / -er1!-!%2a% 0e%2a%reati;itas, se%i, m!si, 2am-ar, <ar%a

(emisfer me%!r!t sera-!t saraf%3a -erisi/

S!-sta%si ea-! "-a2ia% !ar#S!-sta%si p!ti1 "-a2ia% 0aam#



(EMISFER

Ter-a2i atas 8 +-!s & masi%2:masi%2 +-!s 0ipisa1a% +e19s!ra

. L+-!s fr+%tais dipisahkan oleh sulkus lateralis

4. L+-!s temp+rais

0ipisa1a% +e1 s!!sse%trais

7. L+-!s parietais

8. L+-!s +sipita



L+-!s:+-!s. L+-!s fr+%ta "0a1i#/ !%t! e2iata% -er9ir,

pere%ca%aa%, pe%3!s!%a% +%sep, & peria!s+sia.

4. L+-!s parieta "p!%ca epaa#/ -erta%22!%2

6a<a- ter1a0ap e2iata% -er9ir ter!tamape%2at!ra% mem+ri

7. L+-!s temp+ra "sep!tara% tei%2a#/pe%0e%2ara%, -erta%22!%2 6a<a- ter1a0appersepsi s!ara & -!%3i .

8. L+-!s +sipita/ "-eaa%2 epaa#/ -erta%22!%2 6a<a- ter1a0ap persepsi & i%tepretasipe%2i1ata%



L+-!s:L+-!s



K+rtes Sere-ri

erm!aa% cere-r!m/ korteks serebri

berisi substansi kelabu

: pai%2 -erta%22!%2 6a<a- ter1a0ap

pr+ses -er9ir "p!sat -er9irrasi+%a#

K!it +ta /

. Se%s+ri "me%erima mas!a%#

4. As+siasi "me%2+a1 mas!a%#7. M+t+ri "mereasi mas!a% 0e%2a%

2eraa% t!-!1#



M+t+ri area K+rtes Sere-ri Utama



K+rtes Sere-ri



K+rtes Sere-ri

Ter-a2i a2i me%6a0i/

. K+rtes m+t+ri/ 6a!r m+t+ri,0aera1 -r+c1a= p!sat <icara, aa!

i0a, -r+c1a 0i 1emisfer a%a%4. K+rtes se%s+ri / se%t!1a%,

tea%a%, i%0ra perasa, pa%as 0i%2i%,

0iterima & 0iter6ema1a%



*ere-r!m

8. Ga%2ia )asais / Ter0iri 0ari -a0a% se, tereta 0i-a2ia%

0aam masi%2:masi%2 -ea1a% +ta

)a2ia% pai%2 pe%ti%2 / %!e!sca!0at!s, p!tame%, 2+-!s pai0!s

F!%2si/ me%2+%tr+ ati;itas +t+t,memper!at ati;itas m+t+ri mea!i

sir!it > sir!it 3a%2 mem-eri !mpa%-ai pa0a +rtes m+t+ri



Ga%2ia )asais



'ie%cep1a+%

*+%%ects cere-r!m <it1 +<er -rai% str!ct!res.A. T1aam!s me%3a!ra% i%f+rmasi 3a%2 mas! e

+ta 0iter!sa% e-a2ia%:-a2ia% ai% 0i+ta.F!%2si%3a a%aisis se%s+ri "tempat persimpa%2a%saraf:saraf se%s+ris me%!6! +ta#

). (ip+taam!s/ p!sat rasa apar, e%3a%2, peria!ses!a . Me%2at!r eseim-a%2a% t!-!1/ s!1!tea%a% 0ara1, 0e%3!t 6a%t!%2

*. Sistem Lim-i , Mem-atasi cere-r!m &

0ie%cep1a+% ter!tama me%2eii%2i 1ip+t1aam!sF!%2si/ me%2+%tr+ em+si& & peria!

Ami20aa / p!sat i%2ata% ?em+si’

(ip+amp!s/ p!sat i%2ata% rasi+%a me%3impa%

mem+ri rasi+%a, ter!tama i%2ata% 6a%2a pe%0e



Sistem Lim-i



OTAK TENGA(Mese%cep1a+% /

Resp+%si-e f+r ;is!a, a!0it+r3, a%0-aa%ce "@ri21ti%2# reBeCes



OTAK )ELAKANG

. +%sRe2!ati+% +f respirati+% a%0 seetam!sce t+%e= asce%0i%2 a%00esce%0i%2 tracts c+%%ect -rai%

stem <it1 cere-e!m a%0 c+rteC.4. Me0!a O-+%2ata

at1<a3 f+r a asce%0i%2 a%0

0esce%0i%2 9-er tracts= c+%tai%s;ita ce%ters t1at re2!ate 1eart rate,-++0 press!re, a%0 respirati+%=reBeC ce%ters f+r s<a+<i%2,

s%eeDi%2, c+!21i%2, a%0 ;+miti%2.

Ke 7mem-e%t! -ata%2+ta



Ota )eaa%2



SEL SARAF



Se Saraf

Sel saraf ata! neuron ter0iri 0ari sat! -a0a%se

'ari -a0a% se e!ar 0!a macam sera-!tsaraf, 3ait! /

'e%0rit / -erf!%2si me%2irima% imp!s e-a0a% se saraf

As+% / me%2irima% imp!s 0ari -a0a% se ese saraf 3a%2 ai% ata! e 6ari%2a% ai%.

!6!%2 a1ir 0ari as+% ter0apat si%apsis 3a%2mer!paa% cea1 a%tara !6!%2 saraf 0ima%a%e!r+tra%smitter 0iepasa% !%t! me%21a%tarimp!s e saraf sea%6!t%3a ata! +r2a% 3a%20it!6!.



As+%-a2ia% !ar as+% ter0apat apisa% ema

0ise-!t miei% 3a%2 0i-e%t! +e1 seSc1<a%% 3a%2 me%empe pa0a as+%.

Se Sc1<a%% mer!paa% se 2ia !tama pa0a

sistem saraf perifer 3a%2 -erf!%2simem-e%t! se!-!%2 miei%.

F!%2si miei% a0aa1 mei%0!%2i as+% 0a%mem-eri %!trisi.

)a2ia% 0ari as+% 3a%2 ti0a ter-!%2!smiei% 0ise-!t %+0!s Ra%;ier, 3a%2 0apatmempercepat pe%21a%tara% imp!s.



Ne!r+%

se saraf 0apat 0i-a2i me%6a0i 7 e+mp+, 3ait!

. se saraf se%s+ris /

me%21a%tar imp!s 0ari resept+r e sistem sarafp!sat, 3ait! +ta "e%sefa+%# 0a% s!ms!m

-eaa%2 "me0!a spi%ais#

4. se saraf m+t+ri,

me%2irim imp!s 0ari sistem saraf p!sat e +t+tata! ee%6ar 3a%2 1asi%3a -er!pa ta%22apa%

t!-!1 ter1a0ap ra%2sa%2a%7. se saraf i%terme0iet

me%21!-!%2a% se saraf m+t+r 0e%2a% se sarafse%s+ri ata! -er1!-!%2a% 0e%2a% se saraf

ai%%3a 3a%2 a0a 0i 0aam sistem saraf p!sat





Ne!r+tra%smitter



Skema Perjalanan Neurotransmitterstim!!s

Resept+r perifer %e!r+%

Ne!r+tra%smiiter -er6aa% 0i as+%

Ne!r+tra%smiiter ti-a 0i presi%ap

Mas! cea1 si%ap

Ter6a0i p+te%sia asi

Ne!r+tra%smitter 0i terima respt+r 0e%0rit %e!r+%

sea%6!t%3a



Ne!r+tra%smitter

Ne!r+tra%smitter mer!paa% Dat 3a%2-era0a 0aam !6!%2 as+% 3a%2 -erf!%2si!%t! +m!%iasi si%aps, e-a%3aa%mer!paa% ami%, ami%+, 0a% %e!r+pepti0a

Ne!r+tra%smitter mer!paa% s!at! Datimia 3a%2 0apat me%3e-era%2a% imp!s0ari prasi%apsis e p+st si%apsis ata!pascasi%apsis



$e%is %e!r+tra%smitter

Macam:macam. )ersifat esitasi "emamp!a% mem-eria%

resp+% -ia ter0apat ra%2sa%2a%#/

aseti+i% , -era0a 0i se!r!1 t!-!1,c1+i%er2ics

N+repi%ep1ri%e, -era0a 0aam s3stemsaraf

'+pami%e, -era0a 0aam +taG!tamate, saa1 sat! asam ami%+ ese%sia

(istami%e, saa1 sat! asam ami%+ ese%sia



a%6!ta%

4. )ersifat i%1i-isi "me%21am-at resp+%#/2amma ami%+-!t3ric aci0 "GA)A#, -era0a

pa0a 6ari%2a% +ta

Gisi%, -era0a pa0a me0!a spi%ais

Ser+t+%i%, me%21am-at 0a% me%2+%tr+ei%2i%a% ti0!r, apar, 0a% mempe%2ar!1iesa0ara%



N+r epi%efri%

N+repi%ep1ri%e pat1<a3s +ri2i%ate i% t1ep+%s a%0 me0!a a%0 i%%er;ate t1et1aam!s, 0+rsa 13p+t1aam!s, im-ics3stem, 1ipp+camp!s, cere-e!m, a%0

cere-ra c+rteCMe%2at!r eseim-a%2a% m++0, f!%2si

ar0i+;as!ar , me%2at!r ritme ti0!r 0a%ter6a2a, me%2at!r ea!rata% persepsi 0a%

+2%itif e%!r!%a% a0ar %+repi%efri% / 0epresi

e%i%2ata% a0ar %+repi%efri% / ma%ia



acet3c1+i%e

L+cati+% ,ANS/ S3mpat1etic a%0paras3mpat1etic pres3%aptic %er;etermi%as= paras3mpat1etic p+sts3%aptic%er;e termi%as

*NS/ *ere-ra c+rteC, 1ipp+camp!s, im-icstr!ct!res, a%0 -asa 2a%2ia

F!%cti+%s +f acet3c1+i%e are ma%if+0 a%0i%c!0e seep, ar+!sa, pai% percepti+%, t1e

m+0!ati+% a%0 c++r0i%ati+% +f m+;eme%t,a%0 mem+r3 ac!isiti+% a%0 rete%ti+%

Me%i%2ata% 0era6at 0epresi



'+pami%e

pat1<a3s arise fr+m t1e mi0-rai% a%013p+t1aam!s a%0 termi%ate i% t1e fr+%tac+rteC, im-ic s3stem, -asa 2a%2ia, a%0t1aam!s

'+pami%e f!%cti+%s i%c!0e re2!ati+% +fm+;eme%ts a%0 c++r0i%ati+%, em+ti+%s,;+!%tar3 0ecisi+%:mai%2 a-iit3, a%0-eca!se +f its i%B!e%ce +% t1e pit!itar3

2a%0 it i%1i-its t1e reease +f pr+acti%e%i%2ata% a0ar 0+pami% / pe%i%2ata%

a2resi9tas, 1iperati9tas "ma%ia, siD+fre%ia#



Serotonin

Ser+t+%i% pat1<a3s +ri2i%ate fr+m ce-+0ies +cate0 i% t1e p+%s a%0 me0!a a%0pr+6ect t+ areas i%c!0i%2 t1e 13p+t1aam!s,t1aam!s, im-ic s3stem, cere-ra c+rteC,

cere-e!m, a%0 spi%a c+r0F!%2si me%21am-at 0a% me%2+%tr+

ei%2i%a% ti0!r, apar, 0a% mempe%2ar!1iesa0ara%

eseim-a%2a% m++0, a2resi9tas, i-i0+, 0a%persepsi %3eri

e%!r!%a% a0ar ser+t+%i% / 0epresi



GA)A

2amma ami%+-!t3ric aci0 "GA)A#, -era0apa0a 6ari%2a% +ta

F!%2si em!%0!ra% ati;itas t!-!1

e%!r!%a% a0ar GA)A/ ma%ia

e%i%2ata% a0ar GA)A / 0epresi

I i i t 1 0 G



Impiasi ter1a0ap Ga%22!a% $i<a

a0a +ra%2 2a%22!a% 6i<a,er!saa% ter6a0i pa0a se%siti;itas

resept+r %e!r+tra%smitter



(3p1+taamic:it!itar3:A0re%a"(A# ACis

Vasopresin



(A ACisStress memic! 1ip+taam!s !%t! me%sresi

c+rti+tr+pi:reaesi%2 1+rm+%e "*R( # 0a%;as+presi%

Seresi e 4 1+rm+% me%stim!asi ee%6ar 1ip+9sis!%t! me%seresi A0e%+c+rtictr+pi% 1+rm+%e "A*T(#

Seresi A*T( aa% me%stim!asi seresi ee%6ara0re%a !%t! me%seresi +rtis+ 0a% epi%efri%

Ka0ar +rtis+ 3a%2 ti%22i aa% 0i0etesi +e1 resept+r*R( 0ia0e%+1ip+9sis 1ip+taam!s, 3a%2 aa%

me%ea% seresi *R( & sea%6!t%3a me%ea% seresiA*T( ":# fee0 -ac mec1a%ism

Ne!r+tra%smitter GA)A i!t -erpera% 0aam ":# fee0-ac mec1a%ism



er!-a1a% Ne!r+e%0+ri%2a%22!a% 6i<a

a0a +ra%2 2a%22!a% 6i<a resp+% (A aCis sa%2atti%22i,

Ati;asi & se%siti;itas me%erima stress+r sa%2atti%22i sepa%6a%2 1i0!p%3a se1i%22a seresi *R(0aam t!-!1 ter!s me%er!s 0ia!a%

Ai-at%3a +rtis+ ti0a mamp! a2i me%ea%1ip+taam!s 0itam-a1 se%siti9tas resept+ra0e%+1ip+9sis 1ip+taam!s p!% me%!r!%

Impiasi 0aam emamp!a% 1i0!p sese+ra%2/ +ra%2

3a%2 terpapar stress+r 0aam 6a%2a <at! ama,sea! 0aam ea0aa% <aspa0a, te2a%2, 2eisa1,ter6a0i pe%i%2ata% a0ar 2!a 0ara1, pe%i%2ata%resp+% saraf simpatis, 0a% pe%ea%a% sistem im!%

13. Review Anatomi Fisiologi Otak Sistem Saraf

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