12. juni 2014 Mobile broadband network principles EBU workshop May 12 th 2011 Stein Erik Paulsen Radio Technology Manager Corporate Development Telenor.

10. april 2023

Mobile broadband network principles

EBU workshop May 12th 2011

Stein Erik PaulsenRadio Technology ManagerCorporate DevelopmentTelenor [email protected]

CONTEST

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CONTENTS

How to avoid interference?

How can capacity be increased?

Why use indoor

antennas?

Why do we need so much

spectrum?

What about the future?

How to build a mobile network?

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-The journey has just started

Radio access network evolution

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The future contains frequent Techno-strategic decisions

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Ericsson:

In 3 years network traffic has increased by a factor of 10…

…and revenue increased by 35%...

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Example of establishing a

GSM radio network

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The base stations (BTS) are distributed

to give RADIO COVERAGE

En

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The base stations (BTS) are distributed

to give RADIO COVERAGE

– and Capacity

En

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Requested traffic

Phase 2: Capacity limited network

Phase 1: Coverage limited network

Larger spectrumSmaller spectrum

Challenge!

Network cost

Start-up cost

Increased traffic drives cost

The challenge of mobile broadband

COST

Revenue

$

Traffic

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With boosting data traffic there is a need for more frequent network updates than before

Traffic load

Basic 3G

HSPA

HSPA+

LTE

= Resulting network cost

Network cost

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Area= 50km2Population= 1 M

Subscribers= 346k15 mErl/sub (*)

Tot. traffic= 5190 Erl

Limited spectrum drives cost! Example: Two operators with very different spectrum size

•Country 1: 8,8MHz band ->44 channels

– =>132 Erlang per base station

– => 40 base stations needed to handle total traffic of 5190 Erlang

• Country 2: 4,4 MHz band -> 22 channels

– =>29 Erlang per base station

– => 179 base stations needed to handle total traffic of 5190 Erlang

=> Having only half of the spectrum can mean 4,5 times the cost.

For illustration purpose only – the conclusions and calculations are simplified

(*) Meaning that the average customer calls for 1,5% of the most busy hour of the day

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Frequency spectrum for mobile communication

CDMA

Digital Dividend 3G

(UMTS2100)

GSM1800GSM900Mobile broadband extension band

2500 MHz500 MHz 2000 MHz1000 MHz 1500 MHz 3000 MHz

Getting more spectrum essential for meeting future service demand

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3G in new frequency bands - refarming

In-Building coverage area for suburban terrain

(Source: Nokia Siemens Networks & Elisa)

(WCDMA = UMTS/HSPA = 3G)

(HSPA)

Access to low frequency spectrum: -High impact on mobile broadband

• Profitable coverage even outside the urban areas

• Potential for saving 50-70% of site costs

=> A fair amount of low-frequency spectrum per operator is a prerequisite.

Digital Dividend band: A desire and a curse:

Too little of something good can be bad!

2600 MHz11%

800 MHz

800 MHz: Very attractive for coverage, but how to avoid traffic congestion if 89% of all users only have coverage from the 800 MHz system?

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Network capacity is hard to predict

10 Mbit/s

5 Mbit/s

2 Mbit/s

0.5 Mbit/s

TotalCapacity

10 Mbit/s

2.5 Mbit/s

5 Mbit/s

7.5 Mbit/s

1 Mbit/s

0.5 Mbit/s

0.2 Mbit/s

0.05 Mbit/s

Growing need for indoor coverage systems

• Urban building walls block 99% of the outdoor signal

• Safe to re-use the same carriers indoors

• Buildings with heavy data traffic: Use indoor antenna systems, WiFi or femtocells

• Need fixed broadband lines to provide connection and offload mobile network

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The future

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-Is the path towards LTE evident?

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-or will we need proper guidance?

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Mob.WiMAX

Low Frequency

Long range

High Frequency

Short range

CDMA FixedWiMAX

3G(UMTS2100)

EDGE1800EDGE900Mobile WiMAX/

3G extension band

2500 MHz500 MHz 2000 MHz 3500 MHz1000 MHz 1500 MHz 3000 MHz

LTE LTE LTELTE LTE

LTE

Digital Dividend

LTEAdv.

LTE is defined for all relevant frequency bands

Evolution in site capacity from GSM to LTE- Downlink, sum of voice and data

Disclaimer: Values should be taken as indicative. Performance will vary greatly with deployed solution, surrounding environment, terminal penetration and size of frequency spectrum. HSPA assumes 14,4 Mbps

version. HSPA+ assumes 64QAM feature, not MIMO or Dual Carrier. Source: CONTEST, Telenor.

20 MHz

10 MHz

Competitive power-Determined by spectrum

LTE deployment strategy must be tuned to our relative ability to compete.

Fakecom

2600

800 MHz

2600

MHz

26

To summmm up…

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Key take-aways

• Convergence: Usage and interactions between mobile and fixed networks will continue to grow to ensure optimum service offerings

• Cost curves: Mobile technologies are much less suited for flat-rate subscriptions than fixed broadband technologies

• Hybrid networks: Operators need to utilize more than one mobile technology to secure cost-effective deployments

• Mobile Broadband: Mobile networks keep offering higher data rates but within limited coverage range, especially indoor

• Indoor coverage: Indoor mobile broadband users represent majority of the traffic and should to a larger extent be connected via indoor antenna solutions.

• New spectrum: Mobile Broadband at low frequencies is a cost-effective solution for areas with lower population density, as long as a healthy traffic balance is maintained.

LTE: Customers expect high performance

…and they expect coverage

Thank you for your attention!

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Backup slides

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Abbreviations

BSC Base Station ControllerBSS Base Station SubsystemBTS Base Transceiver StationCDMA Code Division Multiple AccessCSD Circuit Switched DataCN Core NetworkD-AMPS Digital-Advanced Mobile Phone SystemEDGE Enhanced Data rates for GSM EvolutionE-GPRS Enhanced - GPRS ERAN EDGE Radio Access NetworkETSI European Telecommunications

Standards InstituteFDD Frequency Division Duplex FDD-DS Frequency Division Duplex –

Direct SpreadFDD-MC Frequency Division Duplex - MultiCarrierGGSN Gateway GPRS Support NodeGERAN GSM EDGE Radio Access NetworkGMSK Gaussian Minimum Shift Keying

(Modulation)GPRS General Packet Radio SystemGSM Global System for Mobile

communicationHLR Home Location RegisterHSCSD High Speed Circuit Switched DataIN Intelligent Network

IP Internet ProtocolISDN Integrated Services Digital Network ITU International Telecommunication UnionIMT-2000 International Mobile TelecommunicationMSC Mobile Switching CenterPLMN Public Land Mobile NetworkPSK Phase Shift Keying (Modulation)PSTN Public Switched Telephone NetworkRNC Radio Network ControllerSCP Service Control PointSGSN Serving GPRS Support NodeTDD Time Division DuplexTDMA Time Division Multiple AccessUMTS Universal Mobile Telecommunications

SystemUTRAN UMTS Terestrial Radio Access NetworkVHE Virtual Home EnvironmentVLR Visitor Location RegisterVoIP Voice over Internet ProtocolWAP Wireless Application ProtocolW-CDMA Wideband -CDMA2G 2nd Generation (mobile network)(2,5G GPRS)3G 3rd Generation (mobile network)3GPP 3rd Generation Partnership

Project

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Sites, BTSs and cells…

• A SITE is the physical location of which a base station is placed. Includes all equipment put up by the operator (mast, antennas,cabin, base station rack etc.)

• A BTS is the base transceiver station, normally just called base station, i.e. the cabinet(s) containing the 1-3 cells belonging to a site.

• A NodeB is the term used for BTS in UMTS

• A CELL is each uniquely identified GSM or UMTS capacity source in a BTS or NodeB, defined by its own coverage footprint (or coverage cell)

• A TRX is a single transmitter/receiver unit able to provide one single GSM frequency to the cell’s coverage footprint. Each cell has 1-12 TRXs depending on the capacity need.

Typical user data rates

3G basic

HSPA

LTE

LTE-Advanced

100 kbps 1 Mbps 10 Mbps 100 Mbps

150-350 kbit/s

1.0 – 5 Mbit/s

5 – 60 Mbit/s

30 – 300 Mbit/s

Target for the network evolution: All IP broadband network

network domain

user domain

I n t e r n e t

Fixed network

C o r e T r a n s p o r t

Packet Switch Serving Node

Media Gateway

Packet Switch

Gateway

B a c k h a u l

Base station

Base StationControl

Basic network interfaces

Marie Anne

Service PlatformSubscriber profiles

Authentication

Charging

Intelligent Network

Core Network

Radio / Access Network

Transport Network

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BSC

Backbone network

Hub

ISP internet connection

Core

MSC

MGW BTS

BTS

BTS

n*E1m*E1

Backhaul

E1

CAPEX share forgreenfield voice 30% 20% 50%

Access network

CAPEX share for greenfield MBB 10% 45% 45%

Cost distribution in mobile networks

Core & Backbone network Transport network Radio Access network