1.2 Chemistry and You > - stjoes.org 1 Section 1... · • why water expands as it freezes. • why sugar dissolves faster in hot water than in cold water. • why yeast makes bread

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1.2 Chemistry and You >

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Chapter 1 Introduction to Chemistry 1.1 The Scope of Chemistry 1.2 Chemistry and You 1.3 Thinking Like a Scientist 1.4 Problem Solving in Chemistry



Why Study Chemistry?


What are three general reasons to study chemistry?

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Chemistry can be useful in explaining the natural world, preparing people for career opportunities, and producing informed citizens.




Explaining the Natural World

•  why cut apples turn brown upon exposure to air.

•  why the texture of eggs changes from runny to firm as eggs are boiled.

•  why water expands as it freezes.

•  why sugar dissolves faster in hot water than in cold water.

•  why yeast makes bread dough rise.

Chemistry can help you satisfy your natural desire to understand how things work. For example, chemistry can explain:

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Being an Informed Citizen

•  Space exploration research could not take place without federal funding.

•  NASA research has led to the development of many items used on Earth. These include smoke detectors, scratch-resistant plastic lenses, heart monitors, and ear thermometers.

•  What if all the money spent on space exploration was used to find a cure for cancer?

Industry, private foundations, and the federal and state government all provide funds for scientific research.





• You may vote directly on some issues through ballot initiatives or indirectly through the officials you elect.

You will need to make choices that will influence the direction of scientific research.

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When it comes to scientific research, there is no one correct answer.

• However, knowledge of chemistry and other sciences can help you evaluate the data presented, arrive at an informed opinion, and take appropriate action.



Which of the following careers would require some understanding of chemistry?

A. chef

B. doctor

C. farmer

D. all of the above

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Which of the following careers would require some understanding of chemistry?

A. chef

B. doctor

C. farmer

D. all of the above



Chemistry, Technology, and Society


What are some outcomes of modern research in chemistry?

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Many basic items you use every day, such as the sneakers you wear or the cereal you eat, are products of technology.


•  Technology is the means by which a society provides its members with those things needed and desired.



Modern research in chemistry can lead to technologies that aim to benefit the environment, conserve and produce energy, improve human life, and expand our knowledge of the universe.


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Materials and the Environment Chemists don’t just study matter—they also use what they know about the structure and properties of matter to make new materials with different or improved properties.

•  For example, chemistry has played a large role in developing plastics for different uses.




Interpret Graphs

Note: The amount of plastics packaging in U.S. waste includes plastics packaging that is to be recycled.

Although plastics are a part of most of our daily lives, there is concern that their use is taking a toll on the environment and on natural resources.

Year

15,000

12,500

10,000

7500

5000

2500

0

Was

te p

rodu

ced

(thou

sand

s of

tons

)

1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2007

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Most plastics are made using petrochemicals, which are chemical products derived from petroleum. •  The supply of

petrochemicals is limited.

•  There has been demand for plastics that are better for the environment, such as the bioplastic shown at right, which is made from corn.




•  A knowledge of chemistry was necessary to develop the batteries that run gasoline-electric hybrid cars.

•  Chemists help design materials that collect energy from the sun that is then converted to electricity.


Energy There are only two ways to meet the rising global demand for energy—conserve it or produce more of it. Chemistry plays an essential role in both of these options.

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Medicine and Biotechnology Chemistry supplies the medicines, materials, and technology that doctors use to treat their patients. •  Chemistry can also develop materials to

repair or replace body parts.

•  Diseased arteries can be replaced with plastic tubes.

•  Artificial hips and knees made from metals and plastics can replace worn-out joints.




•  Biotechnology applies science to the production of biological products or processes.

•  It uses techniques that can alter DNA in living organisms.

•  When genes from humans are inserted into bacteria, the bacteria act as factories that produce chemicals of importance to humans, such as insulin.


Medicine and Biotechnology

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The Universe To study the universe, chemists gather data from afar and analyze matter that is brought back to Earth.

•  This vehicle was designed to determine the chemical composition of rocks and soil on Mars.

•  Data collected at the vehicle’s landing site indicated that the site was once drenched with water.




CHEMISTRY & YOU

How can chemistry be used to find evidence of life on other planets?

By analyzing light from stars, scientists can study their composition, and data gathered by probes can be used to analyze matter in space.

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Name one way in which chemistry has been used to help modern society conserve energy.

Some possible answers include:

•  batteries used in gasoline-electric hybrid vehicles

•  materials used in solar-power generation



Key Concepts

Chemistry can be useful in explaining the natural world, preparing people for career opportunities, and producing informed citizens.

Modern research in chemistry can lead to technologies that aim to benefit the environment, improve human life, and expand our knowledge of the universe.

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Glossary Terms

•  technology: the means by which a society provides its members with those things needed and desired



•  Chemistry is relevant to many professions.

•  A knowledge of chemistry can help you become an informed citizen.

BIG IDEA

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END OF 1.2

1.2 Chemistry and You > - stjoes.org 1 Section 1... · • why water expands as it freezes. • why sugar dissolves faster in hot water than in cold water. • why yeast makes bread

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